Employment Of Workers Research Articles

Dairy Sheep and Goat Farmers: Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Their Associations with Health Management and Performance on Farms

The objectives were to determine the socio-demographic profiles of small ruminant dairy farmers and to study associations with management practices, production outcomes and health parameters on their farms. In total, 325 sheep flocks and 119 goat herds across Greece were included in the study and visited for collection of information. Socio-demographic characteristics of the dairy farmers and details of management practices, production outcomes and health parameters on their farms were recorded. For the analysis of results, multivariable models were created using mixed-effects logistic regression, with farms as the random effect. Most dairy farmers were male (93.2%), most were full-time professionals in farming (89.4%) and most had a farming family tradition (86.9%). The mean age was 47.0 years and the mean farming experience was 24.3 years. For 17.3% of the farmers, the highest level of education received was primary education, for 54.3% it was secondary education, for 16.4% it was post-secondary vocational training and for 12.0% it was tertiary education. In 35.4% of dairy farms, external farm workers were employed. Of the socio-demographic characteristics, farming experience was associated with geographical location of farms, management system, breed of animals, application of quarantine measures, laboratory evaluation of feedstuffs, ultrasonographic examination for pregnancy diagnosis, application of vaccination against clostridial infections, means of calculation of bodyweight for drug administration to animals, maintenance of colostrum bank, number of annual veterinary visits, annual milk production per animal, number of newborns and somatic cell counts and total bacterial counts in milk. Further, the employment of external farm workers on the farm was associated with management system, machine-milking, number and breed of animals, application of quarantine measures, laboratory evaluation of feedstuffs, ultrasonographic examination for pregnancy diagnosis, number of annual veterinary visits, annual milk production per animal, protein content in milk and number of newborns. The findings indicate that dairy sheep/goat farming is still a family-driven business, but, nevertheless, there are now younger people among these farmers, many of them with post-secondary education. Socio-demographic characteristics may influence the management practices applied, which in turn can have consequences for production and health results of the farms.

Entrepreneurship as Social Change: Examining the Perspective of Women Beauty Parlor Owners in Dhaka regarding Social Inclusion and Empowerment for their Ethnic Workers

This paper tries to understand why a large proportion of ethnic women are employed in beauty parlors of Dhaka by examining the perspective of women beauty parlor owners in Dhaka (the capital of Bangladesh). The study entails in-depth interviews with prominent women beauty parlor owners in Dhaka (only Dhaka is considered in the study as most high-end parlors are situated in Dhaka) to understand their entrepreneurship and their motivation for creating employment for ethnic women. The interviews indicate that the owners perceive their entrepreneurship as a social change activity that positively impacts the lives of their women workers regardless of ethnicity. According to the respondents, the motivation for creating employment for ethnic women workers is driven by the need to empower them; social inclusion plays no role in generating employment for ethnic women workers. The findings also show that women beauty parlor owners are countering patriarchal structuring by employing ethnic women workers.

Increases in Intimate Partner Violence During COVID-19: Prevalence and Correlates.

Measures to contain the global COVID-19 pandemic led to stay-at-home orders across the world, accompanied by fears of a global surge in intimate partner violence (IPV). We administered an online general-population survey to 1169 women and transgender/nonbinary individuals throughout the state of Michigan in June–August 2020 to assess changes in the prevalence, severity, and correlates of IPV during the COVID-19 pandemic. Quota sampling was used to match the racial/ethnic and urban/rural distribution of the state. More than one in seven (15.1%) participants reported physical, sexual, psychological, or technology-facilitated IPV since COVID, similar to the prevalence in the 3 months before COVID (16.2%). However, there were indications that IPV severity increased and that novel cases of IPV are occurring in relationships that previously had no abuse. A majority (64.2%) of individuals who experienced IPV since COVID reported that the IPV was new to the relationship (34.1%) or of increased severity during COVID-19 (26.6%), representing 9.7% of the overall sample. New or increased IPV was significantly more prevalent among those who were essential workers, pregnant, unable to afford rent, unemployed/underemployed or had recent changes to their job, had partners with recent changes to employment, and those who had gotten tested or tested positive for COVID-19. Urban residence, trans/nonbinary identity, and having a toddler were more strongly associated with IPV during COVID as compared to before COVID. While findings do not support significant changes in the overall prevalence of IPV, the majority of survivors reported incident IPV in relationships that had not previously been abusive, or IPV that became more severe since the start of the pandemic. Cases of new or increased IPV were more concentrated in marginalized groups. Potential touchpoints for outreach and services during future lockdowns include prenatal and pediatric settings, daycares, employers of essential workers, and COVID-19 testing centers. Policies providing rental, childcare, and unemployment support may mitigate increases in IPV during COVID-19.

Chinese Workers in the History of the Mongolian People’s Republic in the 1950s–1960s: Cooperation, Politics, Ideology

The article is devoted to one of the historic periods of Mongolia of the 20th century, when the Mongolian People’s Republic built the foundations of a socialist society, and key modernization processes took place with the support of the Soviet Union. The economic component of Soviet-Mongolian relations was dominant at that time. However, the assistance from the People’s Republic of China played a definitely important role in the economic development and formation of modern Mongolian society. Labour constraint was one of the main difficulties in promoting industrial economy in Mongolia. The study of the Mongolian-Chinese economic cooperation is also relevant today, despite the influence of the “third force” in Mongolia’s foreign policy. Russian and Chinese directions are in priority. In this regard, it is important to refer to the experience accumulated by countries in the field of economic interaction, which determined the purpose of the publication ‒ to study one of the aspects of Mongolian-Chinese cooperation in the 1950s and early 1960s, namely, the employment of Chinese labour in Mongolia based on a rich source base, including both the published documents and documents from the National Archives of Mongolia, as well as historical works by Russian and Mongolian authors, and to consider such issues as the role of foreign labour, in particular, Chinese workforce in the industrialization of Mongolia, traffic of foreign workers into the Mongolian People’s Republic, and then their family members, the employment of Chinese workers, ideological and cultural events organized by party officials of the Chinese Communist Party. The research methodology is specified by the principles of scientific objectivity, historicism and historical determinism. The work uses both universal scientific methods and special methods of historical research determined by the formulated problem and includes problem-chronological method, comparative analysis method, and systemic method. The study revealed that the employment of workers from the PRC in Mongolia took place within the framework of the diplomatic relations established in 1949 and based on the agreements reached in 1956, 1958 and 1960 in respect of providing economic and technical assistance. It was emphasized that Chinese workers became an integral part of the changing Mongolian society for almost a decade, from 1955 to 1964. The Mongolian side fulfilling bilateral agreements on the working conditions of Chinese employees opened schools for Chinese children, created additional medical centers where Chinese doctors worked, and so on; all this introduced some adjustments to the everyday life of Mongolian society in the mid-20th century. Today, the process of rethinking, re-evaluating the path traversed by Mongolia throughout the 20th century continues, the external conditions of the Mongolian People’s Republic are being revised, so a detailed reference to its history can contribute to the formation of a more objective approach to this process.

Increase of Urban Women’s Work Participation and Quality of Employment in Paid-Domestic Work: A Survey in Delhi-NCR and Kolkata-Asansol

A rise in female work participation in the urban sector creates a vacancy for care work at the household level and triggers a second round of job creation for females. In order to explore whether this process gives rise to decent employment for the female domestic workers (FDWs), a primary survey was conducted among domestic workers in the cities of Delhi, Noida, Kolkata and Asansol. The workers surveyed are, by and large, in low-wage, precarious employment, without social security and have an exhausting routine of work inside and outside the home. Apart from the lack of job security, sickness and disease also add to the uncertainty. Given the double burden of income-earning work and own domestic work, the FDW is crucially dependent on her health and strength, and often incurs health-related expenditure. But they contribute to their household income and have some autonomy in household decision-making. The informal working conditions for these workers, the need for social security and their low wage levels are all areas that need serious attention from policy-makers. Health insurance and pension plans would benefit the domestic workers, given that their work involves a requirement for robust health and the strength that youth brings with it.

Older assistant workers in intermediate care facilities, and their influence on the physical and mental burden of elderly care staff

BackgroundAs there is a shortage of care staff in elderly care homes, seniors are expected to work as assistants to help the care staff. This study examined the influence of older assistant workers in intermediate elderly care facilities on care staff, specifically focusing on emotional exhaustion which is a sign of burnout. These facilities provide long-term nursing and supportive care to older residents.MethodsData from a mail survey of intermediate elderly care facilities with older assistant workers were analyzed. Care staff were asked about the advantages and disadvantages of introducing older assistant workers in elderly care work, and their degree of emotional exhaustion. We also assessed work self-evaluations of older assistant workers, including the benefits of the work, and physical and mental burdens.ResultsA significantly large number of care staff reported improvements in workload with the employment of older assistant workers. Intermediate elderly care facilities enrolling more older assistant workers showed lower mean emotional exhaustion among care staff, independent of possible covariates. While older assistant workers felt that their work contributed to helping both care users and staff, they also reported a mental burden.ConclusionsOur results suggest that older assistant workers can play a significant role in reducing the physical and mental burden of intermediate elderly care facility staff. Thus, employing older assistant workers can be an effective approach to addressing shortages of care staff in elderly care homes.

On Labor Productivity in OECD Countries: Panel Data Modeling

Labor productivity is a key measure of economic performance and an essential factor of improving the living standards. High labor productivity growth rate can reflect increased use of capital, and/or a decrease in the employment of low-productivity workers. Thus, it can be said that labor productivity indicators reflect the effectiveness of labor utilization, labor cost, and revenue accumulation. This paper studies the impact of labor market conditions, economic integration, market size, and institutional quality on labor productivity in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries during the period from 2005 to 2017 by using panel data technique. The study finds that the random effects panel data model is the appropriate model to fit this data. The results suggest that average annual hours worked, labor force participation rate, and inflation rate have a negative significant impact on labor productivity in OECD countries. However, annual growth rate of GDP per capita, value added of industry, and control of corruption have a positive significant impact on labor productivity.

Business sentiments during India's national lockdown: Lessons for second and potential third wave.

The implementation of the COVID-19 national lockdown announced suddenly in March 2020 in India provided a unique opportunity to capture real-time changes in business sentiments during episodes of unexpected and sudden disruptions. Using a logit-probability model to analyse data of this natural experiment showed that firms’ 6-months ahead sentiments for its financial condition worsened drastically during lockdown compared to firms surveyed immediately prior to the announcement. Further, smaller firms showed a relatively higher impact. We also find that firms perceive this as a relatively higher demand shock in terms of falling domestic sales post-lockdown whereas supply shocks are perceived to be on the downside. Lastly the mitigation strategy of firms involved reducing employment for unskilled workers and wages for skilled workers. This unique study gives insights not only about firms and their strategies but regarding appropriate policy choices during lockdown. The lessons are applicable for governments which imposed local lockdowns during the second wave and potential disruption for the expected third wave.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41775-021-00121-w.

Risk-averse assembly line worker assignment and balancing problem with limited temporary workers and moving workers

Assembly line worker assignment and balancing problem (ALWABP) is an important research topic originated from sheltered work centres for disabled, in which workforce is assumed to be heterogeneous due to their disabilities. Since the employment of disabled workers may sustain higher absenteeism rates due to their health, especially under COVID-19, employing temporary workers to fill labour shortage is a crucial issue. In addition, in practice, the movement of workers between stations on assemble lines can increase the flexibility of worker assignment. In this study, we investigate a new risk-averse ALWABP with uncertain disabled worker availability, limited temporary workers and moving workers. The objective is to minimise the risk-averse weighted sum of the cycle time and the number of employed temporary workers. For the problem, a risk-averse two-stage stochastic programming model is formulated. The first stage assigns specific tasks (called fixed tasks) to stations, while the second stage assigns workers and remaining tasks (called flexible tasks) to stations. A genetic algorithm combining K-means clustering approach and variable neighbourhood search (GAKV) is designed. Experiment results show the superiority of the GAKV in terms of solution quality and computation time compared with sample average approximation (SAA). In addition, managerial insights are drawn.

Sustainable Employability in the Mid and Late Career: An Integrative Review

In the last decade, interest in investigating the sustainable employability (SE) of older workers has gained ground, generating a significant number of theoretical and empirical contributions. However, the construct of SE lacks a definition accepted by the scientific community and unified measurement criteria, which has led to results that, so far, do not allow us to draw solid conclusions on its relevance. The aim of this integrative review is twofold. Firstly, we review the theoretical formulations and definitions proposed, as well as the main empirical results of the studies and interventions on SE. Our review includes 31 studies (26 empirical and five theoretical; total sample size N = 33,368). Secondly, proposals and suggestions are offered aimed at integrating the previous results and advancing in the definition, operationalization, and measurement of SE, with the ultimate goal of increasing its value for future research in the mid-and late-career domain.

Influence of UTCP on the employment of female workers and the supply of labor force.

In recent years, China has introduced the Universal Two-Child Policy (UTCP), which means that a couple can have two children. The implementation of this policy may affect female employment. Based on this background, this work aims to the impact of UTCP on the number and employment of Chinese women workers, and find out the countermeasures for the adverse impact of the policy. Firstly, the role of the Propensity Score Matching-Differences in Differences model is introduced, and the average and dynamic effects of UTCP on women’s employment are discussed by using the Propensity Score Matching model. Secondly, the survey data on issues related to female employment after the implementation of UTCP from 2016 to 2020 is analyzed. Finally, a conclusion is drawn according to the survey data. The results demonstrate that the implementation of UTCP widens the income gap between men and women. Meanwhile, the younger the couple, the greater the income gap. Besides, the unemployment rate changes slightly after the introduction of the policy. As the growth rate of female income is significantly lower than that of men of the same age, UTCP has little impact on the employment of Chinese female workers, but has a great impact on the quality of employment. Among all the respondents, the proportion of employed men is higher than employed women, which is about 64% ~ 65%. However, it is still unknown whether age, education, family characteristics, nationality, occupations, and economic development of the province have a certain impact on female income, which is worth noting by follow-up research. On the whole, the full liberalization of the second child has little impact on the employment of female workers in China, but has a great impact on the quality of employment. The present work lays a foundation for the study of the impact of UTCT on female employment in future, and offers a certain reference for the further study of the impact of the policy on employment in the future.

FACTORS AFFECTING OVERSEAS EMPLOYMENT OF FEMALE WORKERS FROM BANGLADESH

This study attempts to explore the impacts of some demographic, economic and cultural factor's effects on overseas employment of female workers as well as on overseas employment of total workers from Bangladesh. The Gravity model of trade is applied here with the panel data of 12 countries and 22 years. The random effect analysis is applied since some variables which are time-invariant and important for the study. The main gravity variables – Gross Domestic Product (GDP), population and distance- are found to be well fitted with literatures with expected signs and level of significance. The magnitude of impacts differs for female overseas workers than total overseas workers. The study reveals that while the effect of religion is insignificant in case of total overseas employment its impact on female overseas employment is highly significant. The negative effects of language variables for both types of employments reflect the fact that most of the workers specially women workers migrated to abroad as home maid and didn't get the training on official language of Bangladesh, English. Furthermore, the opportunity of earnings at destination countries proxied by remittances flows from those countries to Bangladesh has highly positive impact and the magnitude is higher for female overseas workers. The study suggests policies and required support services should be provided to mitigate the migration cost. Also, countries with higher GDP, similar religion and higher income, networking and employment opportunities should be chosen as potential new labour market for the female workers of Bangladesh. Keywords: Female worker's overseas Employment, Gravity Model, Panel Data, Random Effect Analysis, BangladeshJEL Classifications: E24, C130DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.11626

Constitutional and Legal Framework of Women Empowerment in India

Our Constitution as ultimate law of territory and sufficient of legislations tried to reorganize their surroundings and supply assistance for security and their upliftments. The study is an attempt to review and fall out that there is complete constitutional and other legal arrangement to deal with issues of women empowerment. However, this research paper is limited to some legal provisions and interpretations of Indian Courts only. The jurisprudence of industrialization has confirmed the very important roles as tool of social justice. Equal Remuneration Act 1976 passed with the aim of equal pay for equal work both man and woman and contained that there will be no intolerance against employment of woman and promotes chance to them. Maternity Benefit Act 1961 provides protection to women workers maternity leave, extra leave for child infancy sufficient awareness to their security and strength of woman during pregnancy and lactation. Factories Act 1948 makes comprehensive requirements concerning health, safety and welfare of employment of women. Sec.25 of Beedi and Cigar Workers (Condition and Employment) Act 1966 laid down no woman shall be obligatory to manufacturing premises except between 6 a.m. and 7 a.m. and to make sure for safety of woman.Â

Elements of Precarious Employment in the Work of Scientifc and Pedagogical Workers

The paper highlights the problem of the growth of the segment of precarious employment in the work of researchers and the faculty, who work mainly in scientific and educational institutions (scientific and pedagogical workers). Besides the elements of precarious employment characteristic of the category of workers under consideration, the author considers the fixed-term nature of labor relations and the low level of the conditionally constant part of wages in the general structure of wages of scientific and pedagogical workers, which can be attributed to the legal prerequisites for the deterioration (precarization) of their labour regulation. In addition to the acts of federal legislation regulating the labor of scientific and pedagogical workers, the author analyzes the provisions of the relevant acts of social partnership for the period from 2015 untill 2023. The author highlights the problem of increasing the types of work included by the employer in the employment of the “second half of the day” of scientific and pedagogical workers without paying additional wages. The lack of legal regulation of the distribution of types of work performed by a scientific and pedagogical worker within a 36-hour working week is also noted by the author among the legal preconditions that, with appropriate law enforcement, worsen the conditions of employment of such workers due to the significantly increasing proportion of time that workers spend on achieving performance indicators and efficiency determined by the employer. In the conclusion of the paper, the author justifies amendments to the legislation in terms of regulating a fixed-term employment contract, establishing the share of guaranteed wages in the overall structure of wages, regulating the types of work included in the working hours of scientific and pedagogical workers at the level of a by-law, which cumulatively will promote sustainability of employment conditions for employees and improve their legal status.

Peer effects on job satisfaction from exposure to elderly workers

The Elderly Employment Stabilization Law, revised in 2006, helped the government increase elderly employment. While there has been much debate on whether the reemployment of elderly workers has substituted for or increased the employment of young workers, little attention has been paid to the potential peer effects of the former group on the latter’s productivity and other outcomes in the workplace. There might be knowledge spillovers from elderly workers to peers (positive peer effects) or the presence of unmotivated elderly workers lowering the morale of their coworkers (negative peer effects). In this paper, we investigate such peer effects from exposure to elderly workers using the employee satisfaction survey of a Japanese firm. We show that, on average, elderly workers do not have significant peer effects on coworkers’ satisfaction. However, the effects are heterogeneous depending on the ability of elderly workers as measured by their wages, and the age and job levels of their peers. Namely, nonmanagerial workers, particularly those in their 50s, are more satisfied and coworkers in their 30s and 40s receive more training when they work with elderly workers. The positive effects are significant when the focal elderly workers come from other units rather than when they stay in the same units implying that the sharing of broad experience might mediate the effect. In contrast, the presence of elderly workers makes first-line managers feel that there is poor communication in the workplace.

CURRENT STATE OF SOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE UKRAINIAN DISABLED LABOR MARKET

The formation and development of the modern labor market is very important for the further development of Ukraine as a legal, democratic and socially oriented state. This presupposes the creation of clear, understandable forms, mechanisms and systems of access to this market. Among them, a special place belongs to the system of formation and use of additional opportunities (guarantees) of employment for persons with disabilities. The share of the employed among people with disabilities is less than among the population as a whole. In 2020, the employment rate for people with disabilities was 67 percent, compared with 77 percent for the general population. The conducted studies indicate that disability in Ukraine is explained by the poor state of the national health care system of citizens, the low level of safety and labor protection at enterprises, the unsatisfactory state of environmental culture, manifestations of various disasters in our country, in particular, military, natural, environmental, consequences Chernobyl disaster, hostilities in Afghanistan and in the Donbass region. The formation and development of the modern labor market, which is very important for the further development of Ukraine as a legal, democratic and socially oriented state, presupposes the creation of clear, understandable forms, mechanisms and systems of access to this market. Among them, a special place belongs to the system of formation and use of additional opportunities (guarantees) of employment for persons with disabilities. Despite the existence of state-guaranteed rights, legislative support for the employment of workers with limited labor opportunities, their involvement in productive work remains a weak point in our state. As practice shows, due to limited health opportunities, workers with limited labor opportunities do not have the opportunity to compete on equal terms with other citizens in the labor market, as a result, their rights to work are violated, the process of displacement from the sphere of labor activity continues, the level of unemployment and the depth of poverty. In this regard, the analysis of foreign experience in promoting the employment of workers with disabilities and determining the possibilities of its application in Ukraine becomes relevant.

Paid domestic work and outsourcing in South Africa: Clients’ views on trust, control and power relations

Outsourced domestic cleaning service suppliers reconfigure the bipartite employment relationship between employers and domestic workers into a tripartite one between clients (former employers of domestic workers), the management or franchise owners, and domestic employees. While this transformation is attractive to some, outsourcing domestic work involves more than the outsourcing of physical tasks of household cleaning. It also involves the outsourcing of the employment relationship where trust, control and power relations are passed on to the management of the domestic cleaning service suppliers. By taking trust, control and power relations as being reconfigured through outsourcing, this article debates why such reconfiguring might not be convenient for some. By doing this, trust, control and power are conceptualised and how it is perpetuated in a bipartite and tripartite domestic employment relationship. By drawing on 16 in-depth interviews with former clients of a domestic cleaning service supplier in South Africa, this article illustrates that perhaps outsourced domestic services are not an appropriate solution to everyone’s domestic cleaning needs and that some clients expect a particular relationship that is not achieved through outsourcing.

A Study on the Impact of Energy Conversion Policy in Response to Climate Change in Ports

Purpose - With the government s energy conversion policy response to climate change, coal-fired power plants are scheduled to be closed. This study examines the impact of the closure of coal-fired power plants located in and around ports in terms of port of entry, port workers, cargo volume, and port industries. Design/Methodology/Approach - This study examines the current status of ports in terms of port entry, workers, and port volume based on the study of recent coal-fired power plants that are scheduled to be closed due to the government s energy conversion policy. Then, the impact of coal-fired power plant closure was estimated with regard to port volume and the employment of port workers. Findings - Ports which have a high proportion of bituminous coal including Taean port, Samcheonpo port, Hadong port, and Boryeong port are expected to see decreases in cargo volume up to 60%. As a result, a negative affect on ports specifically port workers, port loading/unloading business, and preliminary businesses is expected. To successfully respond to these changes, broadly-based countermeasures are required. Research Implications - This study examines the impact of coal-fired power plants on ports and provides policy suggestions for port authorities to change the perception of the current energy conversion policy. Port authorities need to establish a communication channel for proper conversion. In addition, the national and local governments must utilize sites created by the reclamation of public water surface to produce opportunities for proper conversion.

Perlindungan Hukum bagi Pekerja Akibat Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Currently, any part of the world is facing a virus called Covid-19. Since the emergence of this case, all access has been hampered, especially in the economic field. Increasing unemployment is one of the current problems, for that we need a legal protection to ensure life for workers during this pandemic. The purpose of this study to analyze. Arrangements for termination of employment for workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic as well as legal protection for workers due to termination of employment due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is a type of normative legal writing with a conceptual approach and legislation. Sources of data used in the form of secondary and primary data sources. Data collection techniques by classifying primary legal materials with secondary legal materials as research support. The analysis of legal materials obtained by qualitative analysis. The results of the study indicate that Termination of Employment has a negative impact on workers because they lose their jobs so that it also has an impact on increasing the poverty level of the Indonesian people. Because the emergence of PSBB regulations from the government of course makes the space for work narrower and layoffs are increasingly prevalent, therefore the regulation of Law no. 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower and also the role of the government is very important to overcome the occurrence of layoffs that are not in accordance with the laws and regulations. The legal protection is divided into 2 things, namely preventive legal protection and repressive legal protection.

Інноваційні стратегії мінімізації ризиків сільського населення щодо захищеної зайнятості, викликаних пандемією коронавірусу та інституційними обмеженнями

The purpose of the article is to develop strategic directions for minimizing the risks of the rural population in the field of social and labor relations related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Research methods. The monographic approach was used for a comprehensive and in-depth study of ensuring the sustainability of the labor sphere and social protection of the population in extreme conditions and identifying the causal links of their development. The application of systematic and comprehensive analysis made it possible to work out strategic directions of increasing the economic capacity of united territorial communities, activating the market orientation of family farms, other micro- and small forms of entrepreneurship and institutionalization of sheltered employment in agriculture and non-agriculture. Normative and positive approaches have helped to determine the prospects for the quantitative transformation of private farms into family-type commodity enterprises by 2030. Due to the grouping, strategic priorities for ensuring productive employment of the rural population have been identified. The involvement of abstract-logical tools allowed to formulate intermediate and final conclusions and proposals for minimizing the socio-economic risks of agricultural employees in the context of the pandemic spread caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Research results. Scientific and other publications on ensuring the sustainability of social and labor relations and incomes of rural population in the context of the restrictions on economic activity spread, proposals for a radical change in the solidarity system of social protection, reduction of inequality in access to basic needs of socially vulnerable groups are covered. The genesis and development of “helicopter money” theories and guaranteed minimum income as fundamentally new post-industrial models of economic stimulation and social protection of the low-income groups, conditions of their application and possible macroeconomic consequences are considered. Priority areas for risk prevention in relation to productive and protected employment of agricultural workers are identified. These include the institutional capacity and resource adequacy of rural united territorial communities; systematic and long-term support of market activity of micro and small business entities; institutionalization of employment of family farms members and other forms of small business. Scientific novelty. Anti-covid-19 strategic directions of small business development and distribution of the obligatory state social insurance system on self-employed workers in personal peasant farms were further developed. Practical significance. Proposals for improving relations in the labor sphere of the agricultural sector and social protection of the rural population can be taken into account when developing strategic directions of support micro and small businesses and the self-employed in the extreme conditions of rural society. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 35.