Employment Goals Research Articles

Mission creep at the Federal Reserve

AbstractSince the 2008 financial crisis, the Federal Reserve has expanded its objectives beyond the traditional scope of monetary policy. It directly allocates credit, incorporates inequality considerations into its employment goals, and seems prepared to involve itself in climate change policy. In response to these developments, we make three elementary but often overlooked points. First, the Fed has engaged in mission creep since its earliest days. Second, mission creep has intensified since the financial crisis due to increases in both the supply of and demand for central bank activism. We argue that the floor system and accompanying unconventional monetary policies reduced the cost of mission creep. Third, we explain the likely negative consequences of mission creep. These have three causes: (1) mission creep increases the scope of credible commitment problems, (2) novel policies suffer from major knowledge problems, and (3) since those policies make the Fed's activities harder to monitor, it becomes costlier to discipline the central bank. The results are a greater scope for regulatory capture, bureaucratic incompetence, and rent‐seeking.

Legal Challenges through the Theory of Harmony of Labor and Capital Interests

This article explores the relationship between labor and capital interests through the lens of Frederick Winslow Taylor’s scientific management theory and Georgian legal frameworks. It examines how harmonizing these interests can address organizational conflicts and enhance labor efficiency and capital growth. The concept of “interest” plays a critical role in this analysis. In a broader sense, interest reflects an individual’s motivation and engagement with various subjects, shaped by their legal, social and economic context. Interest pertains to production relationships and the distribution of resources, influencing how labor and capital interact within a corporate setting. Optimizing work processes can align employee and employer goals, fostering a more equitable distribution of wealth. The analysis highlights the role of interest in legal contexts and the importance of compliance in managing conflicts. Organizations can improve governance and achieve a balanced, productive work environment by integrating scientific management with fiduciary duties and ethical practices.

Research on the Management of College Students' Employment Process Based on the Perspective of "Diagnosis and Reform 8-Character Spiral"

Due to the lack of theoretical guidance, some college students lack systematic and scientific planning and process supervision after setting their own career goals, resulting in wavering temporary employment goals in the later stage, missing the best opportunity for employment, and unable to achieve the optimal choice for employment. This article focuses on the dual supervision of students' goal achievement process and results through the "8-character spiral of diagnosis and reform", using both dynamic and static states. It emphasizes both the "completion time" diagnosis and reform and the "progress time" diagnosis and reform. Among them, the "completion time" diagnostic reform aims to stimulate knowledge innovation, while the "progress time" diagnostic reform aims to achieve real-time regulation.

The devolution of federal reserve monetary policy strategy, 2012–24

AbstractThe Federal Open Market Committee's 2012 Statement on Longer‐Run Goals and Monetary Policy Strategy interprets the Federal Reserve's dual mandate in light of the natural rate hypothesis and the New Keynesian “divine coincidence.” It sets a quantitative objective for inflation but not unemployment and acknowledges that the goals of price stability and maximum employment are generally complementary. The FOMC began deviating from these principles in December 2012, however, and the Committee's 2020 amended Strategy Statement appears to reflect, instead, the older view that the Phillips curve describes an exploitable trade‐off between inflation and unemployment. To bring its strategy back in line with the lessons of contemporary macroeconomic theory, the FOMC could simply abandon the 2020 amendments and return to its original 2012 framework. Alternatively, the Committee could eliminate the asymmetries and ambiguities that prevent its new strategy from having the desirable properties of a true price level targeting scheme.

Family Perceptions About the Methodology of the “We All Are Campus” Training Program

<p style="text-align:justify">The transition to adulthood involves not only the acquisition of professional skills but also the development of social and emotional competencies that enable individuals to fully integrate into society. The educational program "We all are campus" of the University of Murcia focuses on preparing young people with intellectual disabilities for the ultimate goal of employment. In this study, 30 family members or guardians of people with intellectual disabilities (PcDI) participated and were consulted about their perceptions of this educational program. The research was conducted using a mixed qualitative methodology, adopting a case study approach. The main results indicate that the training received by the students improves aspects such as their interpersonal relationships and development. In addition, it is relevant to highlight that the family members emphasize an increase in maturity and the knowledge of the people with intellectual disabilities who attended the program "We all are campus". It is concluded that there are several aspects that are relevant to the families, among them, the optimism and support that their relatives need in the face of the uncertainty of their future.</p>

Impact of Individual Budgets on Work and Financial Well-Being of Supported Employment Recipients With Serious Mental Illness.

The authors sought to determine whether providing recipients of supported employment with individual budgets from which they could purchase employment-related goods and services would improve employment and financial outcomes. Sixty study participants were recruited from an individual placement and support (IPS) program and randomly assigned (1:1) to receive IPS services only (N=32) or IPS services with a 12-month $950 flexible fund called a career account (N=28). Participants receiving IPS and a career account met with staff who helped them identify employment goals and create a budget for purchases directly tied to these goals. The primary outcome was competitive employment; secondary outcomes included job tenure, days worked, total earnings, and financial well-being. Outcomes were analyzed by using adjusted generalized linear models (GLMs) with binary logistic, negative binomial, and linear distributions. The proportion of participants who achieved competitive employment was largely similar for those in the career account+IPS group (54%) and in the IPS-only group (47%). However, the GLM analysis revealed that career account+IPS participants had significantly longer job tenure, more total days of employment, and higher total earnings than IPS-only participants. Feelings of financial well-being increased significantly among career account participants, whereas financial well-being declined among control participants. The amount of career account dollars participants spent was positively and significantly associated with longer job tenure, more days employed, and higher total earnings. Combining flexible funds with IPS-supported employment achieved some superior outcomes compared with IPS only. Further research is needed to assess the longer-term effects of this practice and its cost-effectiveness.

Research on the Impact of Social Network on the Employment Choices of College Students and Countermeasures

In the digital age, social networking has become an indispensable part of college students’ employment process. Social networks not only provide a platform for college students to network with other professionals, alums, industry experts, etc., but also provide them with numerous resources and opportunities to help them better plan their careers and achieve their employment goals. Job Platform For college students, social networking is not only a social tool but also an important platform for obtaining information, expanding contacts, and finding employment opportunities. Career planning Studying the impact of social networks on the employment of college students can help deeply understand the demand and trend of the job market, provide more accurate and timely employment information for college students, and help them better adapt to the market demand and improve their employment competitiveness. Social networks, as important social capital, have a significant impact on college students’ career development. The study of the impact of social networks on college students’ employment can further explore the role and mechanism of social networks in career development and provide more targeted career development suggestions and guidance for college students.

The motivation to earn digital badges: a large-scale study of online courses

Digital badges as a recognition for learning, can motivate, provide a means to demonstrate credibility and professional development, and allow learners to showcase their skills and interests. They are an important means to recognise non-accredited learning and can be delivered in agile, educational or professional settings. The Open University UK (OU), has issued over a quarter of a million digital badges via their free online learning platform OpenLearn as recognition for completing and passing free, assessed online courses. This study examines data from over 25,000 survey responses completed by learners who had studied a course that offers an OU OpenLearn digital badge. It builds on previous studies and explores badge earning motivation, related demographic profiles and desire for demonstrating achievements. Data supports the key message that digital badges have a role in supporting employment goals and personal fulfilment, and are an important tool in motivating engagement in lifelong learning.

高等学校就业指导与求职培训体系构建与优化

本培训项目旨在通过系统化、模块化的培训，全面提升高校教师的就业指导能力和学生的求职技能，以提高毕业生的职业竞争力和职业素养。项目涵盖八大模块，包括定向人才培养方法、实习指导与管理、就业市场分析与职业指导、校企合作模式与案例研究、职业技能提升、就业实习准备、求职面试技巧和职业生涯规划。通过理论讲解、案例分析、互动讨论和实际操作训练，项目促进校企合作，优化职业规划，提高职业指导和实习管理水平，最终实现高质量就业目标。This training program aims to systematically and modularly enhance the employment guidance capabilities of higher education teachers and the job-seeking skills of students, thereby improving graduates' career competitiveness and professional qualities. The program encompasses eight modules: targeted talent cultivation methods, internship guidance and management, job market analysis and career guidance, school-enterprise cooperation models and case studies, professional skills enhancement, internship preparation, job interview skills, and career planning. Through theoretical explanations, case studies, interactive discussions, and practical training, the program promotes school-enterprise cooperation, optimizes career planning, improves employment guidance and internship management, and ultimately achieves the goal of high-quality employment.

A supported education programme implemented in youth mental health services: Outcomes and lessons from the first year of COVID-disrupted delivery.

Educational attainment is consistently highly valued by young people with mental ill health, yet maintenance and completion of education is a challenge. This paper reports on the implementation of a supported education programme for youth mental health. Between 10 October 2019 and 10 October 2020, a supported education programme was delivered within primary and tertiary youth mental health services. A description of the programme, context, and adjustments required due to COVID-19 is presented, and the educational outcomes of young people referred to the programme were explored. Two case studies are also presented. The programme received 71 referrals over this period, of which 70.4% had not yet completed secondary school and 68% were experiencing multiple mental health conditions. Overall outcomes were positive, with 47.5% of the 40 young people who chose to engage with the programme maintaining or re-engaging with education. However, the remainder of those who engaged withdrew from the programme, often reporting challenges due to COVID-19 such as social isolation or increased uncertainty. Additionally, a number of young people declined or disengaged from the programme to focus on employment. This report of the experience of integrating a supported employment programme in Australian youth mental health services reinforces the need for such support, and provides preliminary evidence for its successful implementation as part of routine care. The disengagement in response to COVID-19 highlights the real-world challenges of the pandemic, while young people's voicing of employment goals indicates the need for combined educational and vocational support-to assist transition and progression between these goals.

Connecting Students With Significant Support Needs to Employment: A Tool to Structure Employment Planning Meetings

One powerful way to prepare students with significant support needs for employment in adulthood is to ensure they experience employment during high school. To assist students with significant support needs in developing their employment goals and connecting to and sustaining a job, we developed a person-centered planning meeting focused centrally on employment—the Employment Planning Meeting. During the meeting, an Employment Planning Meeting Tool (The Tool) is used to guide and provide structure and organization for a team supporting a student. It serves as a living document of the student’s interests, needs, and goals as they relate to employment during and after high school. This article describes each step of the meeting and how to use the Tool with students and their support team members. In addition, we share the experiences of professionals who organized and facilitated Employment Planning Meetings with a student with significant support needs and their families.

Perceptions of Postsecondary Experiences and Supports That Advance the Personal Goals of Students With Extensive Support Needs

Inclusive postsecondary education (PSE) programs at institutions of higher education are emerging as opportunities for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), including those with extensive support needs (ESN), to progress toward their desired outcomes. This qualitative study aimed to understand the experiences and supports that current and recently graduated students in a dual enrollment nonresidential PSE program perceive as contributing to their self-directed employment, education, and social goals. Furthermore, this study explored how students’ perceived PSE affected their goal achievement and future lives. Findings from interviews with 10 participants with IDD, including eight with ESN, revealed that obtaining and maintaining competitive employment was negatively impacted by COVID-19, paid employment during PSE was not aligned with participants’ employment goals, internship experiences led to participants learning about their work preferences and changing their employment goals, and peer mentors impacted the achievement of participant’s employment, education, and social goals. Implications for practice and research and study limitations are described.

Two-Case Study of Rural Migrant TVET Female Students in Western China: Aspirations of Learning English

This study is an investigation of the English language learning aspirations and deprivations of female rural migrant youth in technical and vocational education and training (TVET) schools in two locales in western China. This study adopted basic interpretive research focused on individual voices and experiences. The capability approach provided the conceptual framework. Participants in this research primarily aspired to learn English for instrumental purposes: to pass exams, earn higher degrees, find better jobs in cities, and support their children in learning English. A lack of English proficiency, economic situation, and living environment greatly limited their aspirations. Participants showed a spectrum of levels of aspirations of English learning. For participants with low levels of English proficiency, their English could neither support their educational and employment goals nor inspire them for greater future plans. Participants from the TVET–university joint program formulated a stronger and wider range of aspirations when compared to those encapsulated in secondary TVET. Recommendations include increasing opportunities for exposure to English, reforming exam-oriented English learning, enriching the prevailing culture of learning and the perceived value and social uses of English, increasing TVET school and university cooperation, and adapting the TVET English curriculum to economic imperatives.

Individual placement and support for young adults: One-year outcomes.

Many young adults who are unemployed and not in school need support achieving employment goals. Individual Placement and Support (IPS) is an evidence-based employment practice for adults with serious mental illness, but its applicability to young adults with mental health conditions has not been well-researched. The present study prospectively assessed IPS effectiveness in a national sample of young adults enrolled in routine practice settings in the U.S. public mental health system. Nine community agencies in five states participated in a 1-year follow-up study of young adults (aged 16-24) enrolled in IPS services. The study examined three outcomes: retention in services, employment, and education. State fidelity reviewers examined IPS fidelity using a new fidelity scale, the IPS-Y. In a sample of 111 participants, the mean age was 19.2, 72 (64.9%) had never worked, and 76 (68.5%) had a diagnosis of depressive and/or anxiety disorder. Participants averaged 8 months of enrollment before terminating from IPS services. During follow-up, 51 (45.9%) participants obtained a competitive job (N = 50) or paid internship (N = 1); 14 (12.6%) achieved a new education outcome. IPS has promising outcomes for helping young adults with mental health conditions achieve positive employment outcomes, but its effectiveness in helping young adults achieve education goals has not been demonstrated. IPS should be offered to young adults with employment goals. Targeted funding for supported education and training for IPS specialists in delivering educational supports may be necessary to ensure optimal education outcomes in IPS. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Individual placement and support focusing on employment and education for young people at clinical high risk of psychosis: A feasibility study.

This study aimed to assess the feasibility of implementing Individual Placement and Support (IPS) with a focus on educational and employment goals, within a clinical service for the early detection of individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis. Between June 2019 and April 2021, participants were recruited and received up to 6 (± 2) months support. Primary outcome: Enrolled participants, attended sessions, and disengagement rates were analyzed to assess feasibility. Enrollment in mainstream education or/and employment, hours spent working or/and studying, salary, level of functioning, and self-efficacy at baseline and follow-up were compared. Thirty-one participants were recruited, 13 of whom were remotely recruited after the first COVID-19 lockdown. Dropout rates were relatively low (16.1%), and 26 participants (83.9%) completed the program. Each participant received on average nine sessions (M = 9.65; SD = 4.92). Secondary outcomes: At follow-up, 73.1% participants were employed, working on average more hours per week, t(25) = -2.725; p = .012, and were earning significantly more money, t(25) = -3.702; p = .001, compared to baseline. Gains in educational outcomes were less clear. Global Assessment of Functioning, t = 248.50; p = .001, and Social Occupational Functioning, t(25) = -3.273; p = .003, were significantly higher at 6-month follow-up compared to baseline. No differences were found in participants' self-efficacy. Findings indicate that research procedures are appropriate and that IPS implementation within a CHR clinical team is feasible. Secondary outcomes also suggest that IPS may be a beneficial intervention for young people at CHR. A longer follow-up might be needed to assess its impact on educational outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The Effect of Dance Education on College Students' Artistic Quality Under the New Media

Cultivating diversified and high-quality talents is the mode of cultivating talents in higher quality education. Aiming at the effect of the innovation of dance education system, the authors study the change of its influence on college students' artistic accomplishment under the new media form. Firstly, it analyzes the research status of the integration of dance education development and new media education in various countries, and improves the shortcomings of traditional dance teaching. Starting from new media technology, the education process is optimized by means of mobile network, intelligent communication, and wireless sensing. Finally, the regression model is used to test the influence of new media means on the artistic accomplishment and employment trend of college dance education students. The results show that dance education in the context of new media can improve students' artistic literacy and help college students achieve the goal of rapid employment.

“We are not all gangbangers”: Youth in high-poverty urban U.S. communities of color describe their attitudes toward violence, struggles, and resilience

ABSTRACT Centering youth voices in a participatory cross-age mentoring program in urban high-poverty communities, this paper addresses three problems in knowledge about youth of color experiencing low-income: 1) Misrepresenting youth as disproportionately violence-prone, 2) minimizing stressors youth experience, and 3) ignoring youths’ goals. Those knowledge problems can be framed as a contemporary form of DuBois’ construct of “scientific racism.” To counteract scientific racism, promote epistemic justice, and support youths’ goals of demonstrating they are not “all gangbangers,” this study reports data from a cross-age mentoring program about youths’ beliefs about aggression, attitudes towards violence and gangs, stress experiences, and goals expressed in field notes and letters. Most of the 549 control group and intervention youth strongly repudiated violence and gangs. Youth participating in the intervention as mentors and mentees were revolted by societal racism, community violence and police assaults. They reported many more stressors than any U.S subculture and regarded racism and obstacles against exiting poverty as tightly interwoven and formidable. Unlike privileged youth, for these youth the central element in their resilience was survival, framed as collective struggle. Demonstrating their cultural wealth, mentors and mentees aspired to academic and personal competence and sought closeness and collective uplift. To match youths’ needs and goals, intervention providers and researchers should focus on developing positive social networks, provide survival resources and stress management, support youths’ academic and employment goals, and afford youth maximal participation and self-expression.

Monetary policy framework in Sri Lanka and its impact on the financial sector: A review

Monetary policy is a prominent stabilization mechanism often used to accomplish price and economic stability in a country. The success of monetary policy depends on the operating economic environment, the institutional framework adopted, and the choice and mix of the instruments used. The aim of this paper was to review the evolution of the monetary policy framework in Sri Lanka and its impact on the financial sector. The review is important, and monetary policy is intended to impact aggregate spending in the economy to contribute to the goals of full employment, price stability, sustainable economic growth, and balance of payments equilibrium. The paper reviewed more than twenty-five research and review papers using a thematic approach. The paper explains the historical evolution of monetary policy regimes in Sri Lanka and the reasons for adopting various monetary and exchange rate policy regimes from time to time. The review considers national and international studies on monetary policy regimes and their impact on the financial system. The paper concludes that the Currency Board could not influence the money supply in any way, and until the adoption of open economy policies in 1977 under the fixed exchange rate regimes, the Central Bank had no control over domestic inflation. The review also identifies that flexible inflation targeting is the international best practice of Central Banking, and flexible inflation targeting enables the maintenance of low inflation, thereby helping economies achieve a high and stable growth path. However, it emphasizes that it should be maintained sustainably subject to several conditions through government intervention.

Principles of the organization and activities of the state employment service

Introduction. The article provides a classification of the principles of activity of the State Employment Service as a special body of executive power. The category of general, special and special principles, which are the basic ideas of the functioning of the State Employment Service, is singled out. Summary of the main results of the study. The author notes that considering the principles of the State Employment Service is a key and extremely important aspect of its organization and functioning. It is emphasized that ensuring the compliance of the actions of the employment service with the established principles guarantees legal compliance in all cases related to the employment of citizens and contributes to the creation of a fair and effective system of employment support. It is noted that the principles by which the executive bodies work form a legal category that establishes the regulatory and legal basis for controlling the activities of the executive bodies in Ukraine. These principles define the standards and rules that govern the functioning of these bodies, establishing the framework and conditions under which they must act in accordance with the law. It was noted that the principles by which the State Employment Service works are divided into three groups: general, special and special. General principles constitute the basic principles of the functioning of most public bodies. Special principles reflect certain aspects of the activity of specific public authorities. The special principles of the State Employment Service take into account its unique mission and exclusive tasks in the field of ensuring employment of citizens. These principles determine the specificity of approaches and methods used to achieve employment goals. They take into account the individual needs of different social groups and contribute to the development and implementation of programs aimed at supporting and developing the labor market, providing citizens with opportunities for employment and professional growth Conclusions. It was concluded that for optimal and high-quality work of the State Employment Service, a clear system of principles enshrined in legislation is necessary, which will determine its structure and methods of activity. Among the principles of organization and activity of the State Employment Service, the principle of mentoring, the principle of innovation and adaptation, and the principle of social policy are singled out as special principles of the State Employment Service.

Современные стратегии трудоустройства студентов очной формы обучения (на примере вузовской молодежи г. Волгограда)

The article is touches upon the issue of employment strategies for full-time students. Modern socio-economic processes allow young people to combine educational and work activities, focusing on earning money, acquir-ing practical skills, gaining independence, personal and professional development. The lack of work and life experience among young Volgograd residents raises the issue of choosing a job search strategy, selecting offers, and self-presentation on the labor market. Based on theoretical analysis and empirical research con-ducted by questionnaire, the authors identify the five most popular employment strategies. Focusing on one strategy or another allows for optimal use of available resources to achieve the goal of employment. Based on the results of the study, the authors identify and analyze positive and negative factors that are characteristic of the strategies under consideration. At the end of the article, according to the criteria presented by the authors and the subjective assessments of students, situations are explicated where each strategy will help achieve the goal of employment and reduce dissatisfaction and disappointment with the received vacancy.