Hours Of Employment Research Articles

Frequency of violence towards healthcare workers in the United States' inpatient psychiatric hospitals: A systematic review of literature.

The purpose of this systematic review is to determine the frequency of violent or aggressive behaviour towards healthcare workers in inpatient psychiatric settings in the United States. To achieve this aim, five databases were searched to find English-language quantitative studies reporting prevalence or incidence data of violence or aggression directed towards staff members in inpatient psychiatric settings. No limitations were set based on publication date, and intervention studies were included only if baseline data were provided. Of 335 total studies found, 38 full-text articles were suitable for full-text analysis based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 14 were included in the final review. Years of data collection ranged from 1986 to 2018, and a range of psychiatric facilities were represented, from small, private hospital units to large forensic institutions. Researchers utilized surveys, real-time incident reporting tools, and government databases, or a combination of strategies, to collect data related to workers' experiences on the job. Included research indicates that workplace violence in the U.S. inpatient psychiatric setting is a widespread problem, with 25-85% of survey respondents reporting an incident of physical aggression within the year prior to survey, and statewide workers' compensation findings indicating 2-7 claims due to assault per 100000 employee hours. There are substantial differences between findings based on measurement strategy, making it difficult to arrive at a single estimate of prevalence nationally. As management of this persistent problem receives continued attention from stakeholders, it becomes increasingly important to define and measure the problem with the most appropriate tools.

Optimasi Pendapatan Produksi Tahu Dan Tempe di Pabrik Mai Meres Menggunakan Program Linier Integer

The Mai Meres factory is a micro small and medium enterprise (MSME) established in 2005 thatproduces tofu and tempe, located in the city of Sumbawa Besar, West Nusa Tenggara. In this factorythere are 4 types of production, namely large tofu (???????? ), small tofu (???????? ), plastic wrap tempe (???????? ) andbanana leaf wrap tempe (???????? ). The resources used for production consist of raw materials (soybeans,yeast, and vinegar), the number of workers, working hours (employee hours and employee hours) andfuel. So far, the chair of the Mai Meres factory has not done a mathematical analysis to analyze itsbusiness in optimizing its business revenue by taking into account the limitations of available businessresources. The analysis process can be carried out by arranging the problem model into a linearinteger program model then the model is solved using POM for Windows software. Based on theresults of the analysis, an optimal monthly income is Rp. 36.858.000,-. This amount of optimal incomeachieved when the factory uses the entire available stock of resources namely 3 tons of soybeans, 40conductors of tofu acids, 50 packs of yeast, 5 employees, the average working hours of employees 300hours, as well as the average working hours of tofu machines and tempeh are 60 hours and 30 hours,respectively.

Development of a methodology to study the expenditures of working time in a research library

The key task of each library is to ensure its high performance. Under the conditions of limited economic resources, the rational use, first of all, of labor resources, is of particular importance. The study of the working time of library specialists allows the solvation of a set of issues related to the organization and rationing of their work. However, this type of research is conducted in libraries rather rarely. Problems of studying the working hours of specialists and employees remain without due attention. The existing methods have been developed and are intended primarily for industrial production and the study of workers’ labor. Libraries have to adapt them basing on their goals, tasks, and capabilities. The purpose of the article is to present the results of the development and testing of an original methodology to study the expenditures of working time of specialists in order to normalize labor in the Far Eastern state research library (DVGNB).The author compares the methods of data obtaining, evaluates the possibility of using different types of observation in library, and justifies the choice of the photo-timing method. The main attention is paid to the technology of observation. The main points of the preparatory stage are described in detail and that of processing the obtained data. As a result, the methodology to study the expenditures of working time and labor processes is tested, and it can be used in library practice to determine the structure of production activities and time for their implementation, to rationalize techniques and methods of work, to identify reasons for non-compliance of targets, unsustainable expenditures and loss of working time, to determine quantitative characteristics of personnel potential, etc.

Lagging or leading? Exploring the temporal relationship among lagging indicators in mining establishments 2006–2017

Problem: Safety management literature generally categorizes key performance indicators (KPIs) as either leading or lagging. Traditional lagging indicators are measures related to negative safety incidents, such as injuries, while leading indicators are used to predict (and therefore can be used to prevent) the likelihood of future negative safety incidents. Recent theory suggests that traditional lagging indicators also possess characteristics of leading indicators, and vice versa, however empirical evidence is limited. Method: The current research investigated the temporal relationships among establishment-level injuries, near misses, and fatal events using injury and employment data from a sample of 24,910 mining establishments over a 12-year period. Results: While controlling for employee hours worked, establishment-level reported injuries and near misses were associated with of future fatal events across the sample of mines and over the time period studied. Fatal events were also associated with increases in future reported near misses, providing evidence of a cyclic relationship between them. Discussion: These findings challenge the strict categorization of injuries, near misses, and fatal events as lagging indicators. Practical applications: Understanding the KPIs that should be used to manage organizational safety, and how they can be used, is of critical practical importance. The results of the current study suggest that, depending on several considerations, metrics tied to negative safety incidents may be used to anticipate, and possibly prevent, future negative safety events.

The Impact of Chain Organization Size on Efficiency and Quality of Affiliated Facilities—Implications for Multi‐Unit Organizational Forms

This study investigates how the affiliation of dialysis facilities within chain organizations of varying sizes impacts efficiency and quality outcomes of these facilities. We develop our hypotheses by building on the literature base that relates to organizational learning. The paper uses a panel dataset spanning the years 2008–2013. The efficiency of the dialysis facilities is operationalized by means of a data envelopment analysis model. This model considers the number of treatments in the dialysis facility as the output variable. The model uses four inputs—number of dialysis stations, number of full‐time equivalents of physicians, number of full‐time equivalents of clinical staff, and the number of employee hours per week at a dialysis facility. Quality is operationalized by considering facilities’ performance scores on three measures developed by the Center for Medicaid and Medicare Services. The findings point to distinct effects of chain organization size on quality and efficiency performance of dialysis facilities. Specifically, the results obtained by analyzing a dynamic panel data model show that chain organization size has an inverse U‐shaped curvilinear effect on quality outcomes and a U‐shaped curvilinear effect on efficiency. The findings suggest that dialysis facilities affiliated with chain organizations of varying sizes experience learning effects and causal ambiguities depending on the specific performance measure under consideration. We discuss the implications of our findings for theory and practice and present directions for future research.

Analysis on the monitoring system of energy conservation and comfort in office buildings based on internet of things

Abstract In order to reduce the cost of central air conditioning, we need to reduce its energy consumption. This paper briefly introduced Internet of Things and the energy-saving and comfort monitoring system of central air conditioning based on the Internet of Things. The system took comfort degree as constraint and energy efficiency as objective to control energy saving of central air conditioning. Company X in Guanghan, Sichuan, China, was taken as an example for analysis. The system was compared with the energy-saving control system which took temperature and power as constraints. Compared with before the energy-saving control, the proportion of air conditioning downtime in the working hours of employees increased after the implementation of the two kinds of energy-saving control systems, and the proportion of downtime under the energy-saving control system designed in this study was larger; in addition, after the control of the two kinds of energy-saving systems, the energy efficiency of the air conditioning significantly improved, and the air conditioning under the control of the energy-saving system proposed in this study had more improvement in energy efficiency and higher energy-saving efficiency. The energy-saving control method proposed in this study can effectively reduce the power consumption of the central air conditioning in the office.

Decomposition of the Business Cycle Shock and the Default Rate of SMEs in Korea

This paper, through a structural VAR identified by a long-run restriction which is imposed by a neoclassical growth model, decomposes the real price index of capital accumulation (= deflator for fixed capital accumulations/consumption expenditure deflator), labor productivity (= real GDP/total employee hours), and total employee hours into three business cycle shocks: (i) investment-specific technology shock, (ii) neutral technology shock, and (iii) non-technology shock, and explores which shock has played a significant role in contributing to decreases in the default rate of SMEs. Empirical results drawn from Korean data spanning from 2000:Q1 to 2016:Q2 indicate that when the two technology shocks arise by 1%p, the default rate decreases by 0.03%p to 0.05%p permanently. In contrast, the impact of the non-technology shock on the default rate is highly transitory : the default rate decreases by 0.02%p in response to the 1%p increment in non-technology shock but turns back to its initial level after about three quarters. These imply the technology shocks could account for the most of variations in the default rate of SMEs. Our empirical results, therefore, deliver the policy implication that SME financing should focus on innovative firms with aggressive funding.

Evaluation of Corporate Social Responsibility by Consumers: Use of Organic Material and Long Working Hours of Employees

Many previous studies on consumer choice have examined consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for attributes related to environmental issues. In Japan, long working hours have caused many problems, including death through overwork. However, to the best of the author’s knowledge, there are no previous studies examining WTP for the attribute related to long working hours in Japan. Therefore, this study aims to examine whether consumers prefer products without involving employees’ working long hours and to demonstrate the difference in WTP between the attribute of environmental issues (the product is made from organically grown raw cotton) and the attribute of long working hours in order to reveal Japanese consumers’ preference. The research methodology is a choice experiment using a questionnaire survey in Japan. The results indicate that the use of organically grown raw cotton can increase the WTP by JPY (Japanese yen) 121 on average. When an overworked employee who works more than 80 h of overtime per month is present, the WTP decreases by JPY 230 on average. The contribution of this study is to reveal WTP and show that consumers are interested in employees’ working hours in addition to the environmental issue. Preference heterogeneity is also examined.

Robotic Process Automation in Public Accounting

SYNOPSIS We investigate the implementation of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) software in public accounting by interviewing RPA leaders at Big 4 firms. RPA software automates the input, processing, and output of data to streamline repetitive, mundane tasks. Many of our findings are unique to accounting. For instance, participants report tax services are furthest along in RPA adoption, followed by advisory and assurance services. Furthermore, RPA has not impacted fees, but there is concern that clients may desire fee reductions due to decreased employee hours. Finally, unlike other technology implementations, RPA adoption is driven primarily by lower-level employees. Similar to other domains, our results indicate massive efficiency and effectiveness gains from RPA implementation. Also, interviewees do not expect reduced head count to result from RPA use. This study is the first to discuss the benefits, opportunities, and challenges to implementing RPA in accounting and serves as a catalyst for future research.

Pengendalian Kualitas Produksi Panel Drum Dengan Menggunakan Metode Peta Kontrol Di PT. Atmindo

<pre>In course of its production, many factor which can make the downhill quality production, especially in shares produce the component of panel of drum boiler, even part of Quality Control do not want to accept result of the production because assumed by a handicap. Defect type that happened that is porosity, under cut, weld beat And over mop, becoming main problem is defect type of porosity and weld beat of because at most happened knowable after. The control map in the world of Quality Control in company produce that is method solve of problem which is usually used in the field of industrial technique to control the quality of production. So that be story level of mistake or product handicap earn in minimizing till no mistake. In the world of Quality Control production company, this method in the field of the industrial technique in application in its execution and felt by result benefit and to the staff employees also represent an advantage to company minimizing cost of expenditure of purchasing of material and working hours of employees in the event of repetition of component work which is equal to rebought new other material , because effect of the happening of handicap produce.</pre>

A Study of Job Satisfaction in Management and Engineering Colleges

Job satisfaction is one of the most widely discussed topic in organizational behaviour and human resource management. Job satisfaction is simply a feeling that one can feel from their work. Without satisfaction no one perform his or her task properly on work place. Job satisfaction happens most appropriately when an employee feels he or she having career growth, job stability, motivation, work culture and comfortable work life balance. When an employee satisfied with his job, he done his work with full efforts and full dedication. And the outcome from his work is best and profitable for organization. Job satisfaction leads to a happy and self-motivated employee who works for result oriented manners. So the main responsibility of an organization to provide better work place, good work culture and happy working hours for employees.

Stress Detection of the Employees Working in Software Houses using Fuzzy Inference

In the modern era where the use of computer systems in software houses is mandatory and in various organizations has increased, it has given rise to the level of stress of employees working for hours at the system as well. Employees working in software houses are prone to have increased stress and anxiety level. It is important to detect the stress level of the employees so that various solutions can be applied in the working environment to get a better output. This paper would be beneficial for detecting the stress level of employees working on the computer using various inputs i.e. heart rate, pupil contraction, facial expressions, skin temperature, blood pressure, age and number of hours working on the computer. This research would indicate the raised level of stress of employees and this indication can be used to increase the yield of the quality of work and satisfaction of employees working in a particular organization. According to the levels of stress, within the working environment, during break hours various steps can be taken as a solution and applied during break hours of employees to ensure maximum satisfaction and the improved quality of work.

Time management: presenteeism versus management-by-objectives

PurposeThis study examined the actual productive hours of employees from the service sector in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted an exploratory cross-sectional survey design. The purposive and convenience sampling techniques were used to identify the service organizations and recruited 520 employees in Accra for the study. Specifically, these respondents were workers from banks, insurance companies, auditing firms and oil and gas companies. The data were analyzed using frequencies and other descriptive statistics.FindingsResults showed poor time management among the study organizations. It was reported that although most workers report to work as early as 6:30 a.m., they wait until 8:30 a.m. to commence the day’s work schedule. In addition, they start thinking of break at least 15 min before actual break time which decreases productivity. In addition, employees reported spending at least 30 min on break. They also added that, they start clearing the desks about 15 min before actual closing time and leave the office at exactly 5:00 p.m.Practical ImplicationsThis study shows that the physical presence of workers does not necessarily mean they are working. The study proposes an alternative way to increase productivity rather than relying on physical presence of the workers.Originality/valueThis study is among the few that empirically sought to explore the actual time that workers use in a day at work. Thus, it measured actual productive hours at of service employees in Ghana.

Building an Employee Attendance System in Company

This study aims at establishing an attendance system which can facilitate the administration data collection related to employee attendance effectively and efficiently. The method used descriptive scheme, interview and document analysis related to employee attendance to create an effective and efficient attendance system. The results obtained from this study is the establishment of an attendance system that has a function not only for absenteeism but also have the function of saving the status of employee position, working hours of employees, and employment reports of daily and monthly employees. This attendance system serves to assist the secretary to fill employee data, then give the employee daily reports to the vice manager and assist the vice manager in giving the monthly report of employee work to the main manager, so as to make it easier to give an assessment of the performance of company employee for company progress.

Developing a Decision Support System (DSS) for a Dental Manufacturing Production Line Based on Data Mining

In this study, an Industry 4.0 framework-based decision support system (DSS) was developed using a combination of wireless network and RFID identification technology to manage a production line in a traditional dental manufacturing lab. The motivation was to prevent mistakes from manual recording, to remotely monitor the working hours of employees in manufacturing processes via internet, and to evaluate the rationality of the employee’s working hours. In the DSS, four network nodes were established to track four important manufacturing processes of digital dentistry. In each of these processes, the time spent by the dental technician was recorded by scanning their ID cards. All information was simultaneously uploaded to a databank in the cloud and analyzed by the computer software MATLAB. These programs evaluated the rationality of employees’ working hours in each of the monitored processes, which can help managers to follow up or improve the process efficiency.

How Employers Profit from Digital Wage Theft Under the FLSA

This study describes three types of digital wage theft, as depicted in 330 cases litigated in federal and state court. The first, known as “rounding,” occurs when employers set their timekeeping software to alter employee punch time in a preset increment (typically moving punches to the nearest quarter hour). The second, “automatic break deductions,” involves subtracting a preset increment of time (usually thirty minutes) from employee hours to reflect their scheduled meal break, regardless of whether the break is taken. Both such practices occupy a legal gray zone under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). The third, known as “time shaving,” occurs when supervisors alter employee time records to reduce recorded hours. Although more clearly prohibited under existing rules, time shaving cases can be difficult to certify as collective actions beyond a single worksite. Plaintiffs seeking to recover lost wages in these cases face highly uncertain prospects in litigation. Outcomes depend on complex questions of fact and unpredictable judicial rulings that turn on implied notions of fairness. Even in successful cases, employers keep most of the lost wages because damages are only awarded to the small fraction of employees who opted in to the litigation. In sum, this article illustrates how federal rules fail to deter employers from adopting these practices. It concludes by recommending several changes to federal law.

Оптимизация конфигурации промышленных Ethernet-сетей на этапе проектирования АСУП

The paper considers optimization of industrial network configuration based on industrial network simulation. A description of step-by-step industrial network design including algorithmic and mathematical models is given. An algorithm for designing the APCS (Automated Process Control System) industrial network is developed, the metrics of the industrial network are compared with the factors affecting them, and the optimization objective function is developed. A solution of the problem of combinatorial optimization of the industrial Ethernet networks is proposed. Boltzmann scheme annealing method is used as an optimization method that regulates a random search for a global minimum of the objective function. The developed optimization method is a promising solution allowing to increase the efficiency of the APCS industrial network project design. The results of using the method are: reduction of the number of errors at the working project creation stage; design process structuring; clear requirements formalization; saving man hours of qualified employees in drawing up topologies, specifications and other project documents; reduction of the system cost.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF ORDERS OF THE COMPANIES AND ORGANIZATION OF THE STAFF WORK

In the course of the study, the activity of Ukrainian enterprises was analyzed. It was revealed that the main aspects that require increased attention, regardless of the industry, are staff management and order management. The activity of any enterprise consists of fulfilling orders and, as a consequence, satisfying customers. It is proposed to develop an automated system that will enable to keep records of orders, namely: the time of order receipt, the number of products, the urgency, the necessary material and time resources, the priority of the order, the executor, the predicted and actual time of the order. This system will help to organize the work of staff, namely: to optimize the working hours of employees due to the dynamic scheduling of the task list; to introduce responsibility for an order that is tied to a specific employee, to keep records of shifts and working hours, automatically form a payroll with due account of worked shifts/hours. The work designed an automated system for managing orders and staff at middle-class enterprises. The requirements for this system are defined and two types of architecture are proposed. For a better understanding of the design phase of the automated system, a class diagram, activity diagram and interaction diagrams are presented. In the process of research, the end product was created with a user-friendly and intuitive user interface that maximally satisfies all the requirements that have been defined for this system. For today the system works in a test mode at the enterprise of Ukraine. The introduction of the system to the filter element manufacturing company allowed to improve the interaction with customers by 40 % due to faster fulfillment of orders; 80 % facilitate the work of managers to track and control the execution of orders; and also, by 20% increase the efficiency of the staff department. What on the whole positively affected the work of the enterprise as a whole.

Total workload and recovery in relation to worktime reduction: a randomised controlled intervention study with time-use data

ObjectivesA 25% reduction of weekly work hours for full-time employees has been shown to improve sleep and alertness and reduce stress during both workdays and days off. The aim of...

Living hours under pressure: flexibility loopholes in the Danish IR-model

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of part-time work on absolute wages. The empirical focus is wages and working hours in three selected sectors within private services in the Danish labour market – industrial cleaning, retail, hotels and restaurants – and their agreement-based regulation of working time and wages. Theoretically, this analysis is inspired by the concept of living hours, which addresses the interaction between working hours and living wages, but adds a new layer to the concept in that the authors also consider the importance of working time regulations for securing a living wage.Design/methodology/approachThe paper builds on desk research of collective agreements and analysis of monthly administrative register data on wages and working hours of Danish employees from the period 2008-2014.FindingsThis analysis shows that the de facto hourly wages have increased since the global financial crisis in all three sectors. This is in accordance with increasing minimum wage levels in the sector-level agreements. The majority of workers in all three sectors work part-time. Marginal part-timers – 15 hours or less per week – make up the largest group of workers. The de facto hourly wage for part-timers, including marginal part-timers, is relatively close to the sector average. However, the yearly job-related income is much lower for part-time than for full-time workers and much lower than the poverty threshold. Whereas the collective agreement in industrial cleaning includes a minimum floor of 15 weekly working hours – this is not the case in retail, hotels and restaurants. This creates a loophole in the latter two sectors that can be exploited by employers to gain wage flexibility through part-time work.Originality/valueThe living wage literature usually focusses on hourly wages (including minimum wages via collective agreements or legislation). This analysis demonstrates that studies of low-wage work must include the number of working hours and working time regulations, as this aspect can have a dramatic influence on absolute wages – even in cases of hourly wages at relatively high levels. Part-time work and especially marginal part-time work can be associated with very low yearly income levels – even in cases like Denmark – if regulations do not include minimum working time floors. The authors suggest that future studies include the perspective of living hours to draw attention to the effect of low number of weekly hours on absolute income levels.