Empirical Facts Research Articles

Sufism as Psychotherapy to Overcoming Relapse in Schizophrenic Patients

Abstract: Sufism as psychotherapy provides treatment based on Islamic teachings that is intended for every human being who experiences mental illness. Mental illness referred to as severe mental disorder (psychosis), one of which is schizophrenia, which sufferers tend to experience relapse (recurrence). The purpose of this study is to find out how the use of Sufism as psychotherapy in dealing with relapse of people with schizophrenia and to prove empirical facts that Sufism can be used as a psychotherapy for people with schizophrenia based on previous studies. This research method uses literature review, literature searches are carried out through Google Scholar. Search results from Google Scholar found 12 journals, and 7 journals were eliminated, then 5 journals were accepted and analyzed. The results showed that Sufism as a psychotherapy could be a form of treatment for people with schizophrenia. The forms of Sufism as psychotherapy are Qur'anic healing therapy, Sufi healing therapy and spiritual neuroscience, as well as collaboration of Sufistic psychotherapy with traditional suwuk bobok Jowo, then audio therapy of the Qur'an, ablution therapy, prayer, and remembrance. Sufism as psychotherapy can make the heart (qalb) and soul calm, serene, and peaceful. So that the symptoms of schizophrenics such as anxiety, hallucinations, and delusions can be reduced. Keywords: Sufism; Psychotherapy; Relapse; Schizophrenic patients

Zombie lending, labor hoarding, and local industry growth

After the bursting of real estate bubbles in 1991, Japanese banks continued lending to unviable firms to conceal problem loans. We revisit Japan’s experience and propose a new mechanism via which banks’ loan-evergreening policy undermines allocative efficiency across industries by focusing on construction and real estate loans. Namely, banks’ continuing support for construction and real estate firms encourages labor hoarding in unviable construction projects. Since construction projects predominantly use low-skilled workers, banks’ loan-evergreening policy in these troubled sectors may depress other low-skilled industries. Based on the industry-level data in each of Japan’s 47 prefectures from 1992 to 1996, we document empirical facts consistent with this hypothesis. On average, low-skilled industries experienced disproportionately slower output and employment growth and more sluggish growth in the number of new establishments in prefectures where the share of bank loans to local construction/real estate sectors increased more after construction boom ended.

Enhancing Islamic Education: The Role of Madrasah-Based Management in Islamic Boarding Schools

This study aims to analyze the contribution of madrasah-based Islamic education management, focusing on planning, organizing, implementing, supervising, and assessing. The research highlights the potential of effective management practices within madrasahs to enhance the quality of education, particularly in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren). Using a qualitative approach and a case study design, this research seeks to reveal empirical facts objectively and scientifically, supported by strong methodology and theory. Data collection methods include observations, interviews, and documentation, while data analysis follows a systematic process involving data collection, analysis, and conclusion drawing. The findings underscore the significant role of madrasah-based management in improving education quality at Madrasah Aliyah in the Darussalam Bermi Islamic Boarding School. Key contributions include the proactive leadership of boarding school authorities, collaboration with stakeholders, integration of a dual curriculum (government and pesantren-specific), and the resulting high quality of graduates. The collaboration between stakeholders and the dual curriculum system significantly impacts educational outcomes, as evidenced by the alumni's quality. The study indicates that madrasah-based management practices, particularly the dual curriculum, do not present significant issues within pesantren. Instead, these practices positively impact educational quality. Effective management strategies, leadership, and stakeholder collaboration are crucial to this success. The integration of the Ministry of Religion’s curriculum with the boarding school’s specific curriculum demonstrates adaptability and effectiveness. This study provides a foundational understanding of madrasah-based Islamic education management’s contribution to improving educational quality. The successful implementation of a dual curriculum and stakeholder involvement are key factors. These findings offer a framework for further research into the contributions and best practices of madrasah-based management in Islamic education.

THE CONCEPT OF THE SOVEREIGN IN J. AUSTIN’S THEORY

The paper considers the interpretation of the problem of sovereign power proposed by John Austin. According to the jurist, political power is a neutral force, similar to the objective forces of nature and abstracted from social relations. The abstract idea of power, being the “soul” of political communication, has a conditionally independent existence. Its effect on the actual relations is possible only insofar as it turns out to be “rei ed” and “personi ed”. The power remains in a “dormant” state in the institutions of the state and its head (sovereign), who is responsible for the reproduction of the political and legal plane, legal and social order. The article analyzes the essence of political power in the concept of J. Austin, a number of features that could characterize, in his opinion, any sovereign power, and especially emphasizes the most vulnerable place in his teaching - the feature of the “determinateness” of the sovereign. In conclusion, the author summarizes that, rstly, in the theory of J. Austin it is unclear who exactly acts as the “true” bearer of the properties of sovereignty, secondly, if it is impossible to determine the “party of sovereignty”, or it is extremely di cult to determine it, then the theory under consideration that is trying to operate empirical facts should be considered as inconsistent with reality.

Evaluating the Intervention Programs of Juvenile Delinquency: A Comprehensive Analysis

This study assessed the juvenile delinquency intervention programs in Barangay Tibal-og, Municipality of Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte, to inform enhanced strategies for addressing youth crime. It utilized qualitative approaches such as in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis to analyze the experiences, insights, and recommendations of program stakeholders. Eight themes emerged regarding experiences, highlighting procedural equity, trust-building, and individual growth. The insights on implementation revealed five key themes, emphasizing effective interventions and collaborative efforts. The recommendations highlighted on establishing separate detention centers, allocating adequate resources and rehabilitation centers, enhancing parental awareness, and adhering to guidelines. The study further stressed the significance of the guidelines and assisting with current programs, while pressing for more resources and rehabilitation institutions. Parental awareness had a crucial role in avoiding and dealing with delinquency, coupled with community engagement and the development of positive values. The results concluded the need for continuous improvements in the juvenile justice system, promoting cooperation among all involved and implementing strategies that are supported by empirical facts. By utilizing these observations, communities can aim for fairer and more efficient actions, promoting safer surroundings and more promising prospects for vulnerable young individuals.

Pembinaan Keterampilan Menulis Huruf Hijaiyah bagi Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar melalui Pembelajaran Kaligrafi Arab di Majlis Ta’lim Nurul Huda Desa Cirangkong

Community service activities aim to provide skills development in writing hijaiyah letters, this training is carried out at the Majlis Ta'lim Nurul Huda, Cirangkong Village, where children need additional hours outside of school by studying at the Majlis Ta'lim, especially additionally in terms of Islamic Religious Education . The method used in this service program is the PAR (Participatory Action Research) method. This program is more focused on developing skills in writing hijaiyah letters (learning calligraphy) for school-aged children. The skill of writing hijaiyah or Al-Qur'an letters is directed at how to write short letters in the Al-Qur'an according to the rules of good and correct Arabic writing. This program has continuity with the TPQ programs found in Cirangkong village councils. In Cirangkong Village, the majority are only children and parents, so the only benchmarks for observers are children and mothers. Based on empirical facts and evaluations that have been carried out, it shows that Arabic or Al-Quran writing skills for students in Cirangkong Village, Cibatu District are still in the sufficient category. This sufficient category is given with various considerations, including the results of evaluations of both writing and pronunciation, in addition, this category is also based on various observation results in coaching processes. Students have the technical ability to write hijaiyah letters properly and correctly according to the writing rules independently. However, students still find it difficult to write these letters in cursive form, because Arabic letters will change their writing form when they are in different positions.

Non-fungible tokens and metal markets: time-varying spillovers and portfolio implications

ABSTRACT The linkage between the metal market and crypto assets is a topic of concern. Utilizing a novel TVP-VAR framework, this study examines the volatility transmission between NFTs and precious/industrial metals. The results show strong connectivity, with most NFTs being net transmitters, and industrial metals being mostly net spillover recipients. Moreover, the connectivity was affected by the COVID-19 epidemic and the Russia-Ukraine War. Considering the potential reference value that this empirical fact may bring to market participants, this paper divides the time samples and uses the DCC-GARCH t-copula method to analyse the portfolio construction of every sub-sample. The research investigates and compares the hedge ratio, optimal weights, and hedging effectiveness of NFT-industrial metals and NFT-precious metals. These findings can bring potential inspiration to investors, market regulators, and policymakers.

NISTA MARRIAGE PRACTICES AT THE LOWEST MARRIAGE LEVEL URF PERSPECTIVE IN PEGAYAMAN SUKASADA VILLAGE, BULELENG, BALI

The research method used in this research is qualitative research, a descriptive study type. The researcher uses qualitative research methods to obtain, study, and understand the phenomenon through in-depth data regarding the community's perspective on the practice of nista marriages in Pegayaman Village, Sukasada, Buleleng, Bali. This type of research uses descriptive research to explain and examine the phenomenon of nista marriages in Pegayaman Village from an 'Urf perspective. The researcher's data collection techniques are observation, documentation and interviews with informants from three categories, including other key informants from local community leaders, primary informants who are residents, and complementary informants who are migrants who live in the village and work in the village office. People in Bali use levels as identities according to their position, especially the Hindu population, which starts from the highest Brahmana, Ksatria, Waisya, and Sudra, the lowest caste. In contrast to the community in Pegayaman, where the majority of the population is Muslim, the level is implemented within the scope of marriage. Local traditions, empowerment, and community perceptions regarding nista marriages are the benchmarks for researchers analysing ancestral heritage from an Urf perspective. Binary opposition is used to explore the relationship between Islamic teachings and ancestral cultural heritage. The existence of 'Urf about Islamic teachings is the basis for the empirical facts of nista marriages in Pegayaman village. In studying the data obtained by researchers regarding slanderous marriages from the perspective of 'urf, it is limited to 'urf fasid, namely in nista marriages as the lowest level of marriage, which is contrary to the law and enriches the elements of family formation.

Hygroscopic Water Content As an Indicator of Soil Dispersity: Thermodynamic Basis and Experimental Verification

Abstract The adsorption properties of dispersed systems are determined by their surface energy, therefore the parameters of hygroscopy (adsorbed water content) and dispersity (specific surface area of the solid phase) of soils and sediments are in close mutual correlation. This well-known empirical fact has received a new fundamental interpretation based on the theory of disjoining water pressure according to Derjaguin should be in the form of a thermodynamic equation that connects the specific surface area, hygroscopic water content of soil samples, and relative air humidity in the laboratory room. The theoretical equation enables us to substantiate the methodology of quantifying the hydrophilic specific surface area of soil samples based on widespread data on their hygroscopy. Comparison of the new method with the standard BET analysis of the specific surface area, as well as with the previously proposed physically based method for its determining by the slope of thermodynamic water retention curves, shows their statistically reliable agreement in a wide range of the estimated specific surface area from 5 to 340 m2 g–1 for soil samples of different genesis and texture.

A diachronic perspective on ‘prosodies’ in Central Chadic languages (Afroasiatic)

Abstract The paper reports on generalisations drawn from the author’s historical analysis of a sample of some five thousand words, which reflect more than two hundred lexical items from up to sixty-six Central Chadic languages and language varieties. The paper provides illustrative examples from present-day languages with explicit diachronic analyses of the evolution of their synchronic segmental and ‘prosodic’ suprasegmental structures. Four typologically characteristic prosodies (i.e., palatalisation, labialisation, nasalisation, glottalisation) operate across words, which are – in synchronic perspective – mostly monomorphemic, while in diachronic perspective they are mostly polymorphemic. The paper shows that, and how the four reconstructed prosodies lead to the diachronic emergence of innovative phonemes in the modern languages, which were not part of the segmental phonological inventories of the common proto-language. This empirical fact poses considerable challenges to the application of the well-established ‘comparative method’ as originally developed by the Neogrammarian school of historical linguistics.

EFEKTIVITAS PERATURAN DAERAH PROVINSI BALI NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2017 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN DAN PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DALAM MENCEGAH PENCEMARAN AIR TANAH

Bali is a tourist destination that is favored by many domestic and foreign tourists. However, the high consumption activity of local people and tourists in the province produces quite a lot of waste generation. Based on data from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK), the city of Denpasar produces 915.5 thousand tons of waste generation throughout 2021. This makes Bali the 8th largest waste-producing province in Indonesia. legal research that uses empirical facts taken from human behavior, both verbal behavior obtained from interviews and real behavior carried out through direct observation. Conclusion of the Effectiveness of Bali Province Regional Regulation Number 1 of 2017 Concerning Environmental Protection and Management in Preventing Groundwater Pollution in the Legal Area of ​​the Denpasar City Environment Service has not been effectively implemented, because based on data on public complaints and data on prosecution of violations there is still an increase from year to year, starting from 2019 to 2022, so it is proven that the enforcement that has been carried out so far has not provided a deterrent effect, because the authorized apparatus related to this Regional Regulation, especially the Civil Service Police Unit, has not been maximal in carrying out enforcement of Constraints and Efforts from the Denpasar City Environment Service in Preventing Groundwater Pollution in the City of Denpasar, namely the obstacle is the participation and supporting capacity of the community in protecting the environment, especially in the application of this Regional Regulation which has not been maximized, and because of the lack of facilities and infrastructure owned in carrying out investigations to detect sources of pollution

Whusul Ilallah As a Methodology for Determining the Beginning of Ramadan and The End of Ramadan of The Aolian Jamaat According to The Perspective of Islamic Law

This research discusses the methodology of determining the beginning and end of Ramadan practiced by the Aoliah community. The methodology for determining the beginning and end of Ramadan was actually established by Prophet Muhammad through an authentic hadith stating, "Start fasting when you see the crescent moon and stop fasting when you see the crescent moon, and if it is cloudy, then complete the count of thirty days." This hadith ensures that the methodology for determining the beginning and end of Ramadan is through ru'yatu al hilal or sighting of the crescent moon. However, in practical settings, this hadith becomes biased in the community, with some using the methodology of ru'yatu al hilal, hisab, Whusul Ilallah, and others. One of the methods for determining the beginning and end of the month of Ramadan is through 'calling upon Allah' directly or Whusul Ilallah, as expressed by Ibn Hajar, a leader of the Aoliah community from Gunungkidul, Istima Region, Yogyakarta. This statement sparked controversy in the community. Therefore, in this article, researchers attempt to analyze the method of Whusul Ilallah according to Ibn Hajar as a means of determining the beginning and end of Ramadan. The research methodology in this article employs normative empirical analysis, describing empirical facts and then analyzing them using religious norms in the form of the Quran, hadith, and fiqh related to the determination of the beginning of Ramadan.

HYGROSCOPIC WATER CONTENT AS AN INDICATOR OF SOIL DISPERSITY:THERMODYNAMIC BASIS AND EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION

The adsorption properties of dispersed systems are determined by their surface energy, therefore the indicators of hygroscopy (adsorbed water content) and dispersity (specific surface area of the solid phase) of soils and sediments are in close mutual correlation. This well-known empirical fact received a new fundamental interpretation based on the theory of disjoining water pressure according to Deryagin in the form of a thermodynamic equation connecting the specific surface area, hygroscopic water content of soil samples and the relative humidity of the air in the laboratory room. The theoretical equation allowed us to substantiate the methodology for quantifying the hydrophilic specific surface area of soil samples based on widespread data on their hygroscopy. A comparison of the new method with the standard BET-analysis of the specific surface area, as well as with the previously proposed physically based method for its determining by the slope of thermodynamic water retention curves, showed their statistically reliable agreement in a wide range of estimated specific surface area values from 5 to 340 m2×g-1 for soil samples of different genesis and texture.

Pengaruh Pemahaman Masyarakat Terhadap Pergantian Nasab Anak Oleh Ayah Angkat Perspektif Hukum Islam

A child's lineage that is not suitable will bring disaster to that child, as happened in Jakarta City. The type of research carried out by researchers is field research using qualitative methods. Meanwhile, the data collection techniques used include observation, interviews and notes. Regarding the analysis technique used, namely using inductive thinking, inductive is a way of thinking that arises from specific data and empirical facts in the field which are synthesized, processed, studied, then the meaning is drawn in the form of general conclusions. This research uses an approach with Islamic legal theory, especially those related to lineage and adoption. From this research, it can be concluded that in the community's understanding of changes in children's lineages carried out by adoptive fathers in Jakarta, some people make their foster children their bloodlines. Factors that influence social ignorance are education and tradition. Islamic law prohibits adoption by affixing the adoptive father's name to the adopted child.

Empirical Foundation of Normative Arguments in Legal Reasoning

Empirical legal studies are often challenged by traditional doctrinal legal scholars as irrelevant to normative legal reasoning. This article explores, through the lens of jurisprudence and by drawing on dozens of empirical works, the junction between empirical facts and normative arguments. Both teleological and consequential arguments, in one of their premises, employ “difference-making facts” which identify the causal effects of certain legal measures as reasons for normative claims. Empirical works make causal inferences and their findings thus constitute an essential part of teleological and consequential arguments, which are prevalent in normative legal reasoning. All causal-identifying empirical findings can be framed as the required empirical premise in teleological and consequential arguments. Finally, although some classical canons of legal interpretation, such as textual and systemic arguments, appear not to take the form of teleological or consequential arguments, the use of these specific legal arguments must nonetheless be justified by teleological or consequential arguments at the meta-level. Thus, normative legal reasoning, one way or another, must have empirical foundations.

Critical study of the concept of scientific hybridization of islamic education and neuroscience

Critical study of Islamic Education Neuroscience is still not sufficiently carried out in accounting for its knowledge, in order to confirm and fill in gaps in its scientific development. The purpose of this study is to examine the various scientific varieties of Islamic Education Neuroscience using the epistemology of Islamic Education, in order to find, fill, and develop their scientific potential, also from the perspective of developing hybridization of other Islamic Education scholarships. The method used in this study uses a qualitative type of literature according to Creswell: 2015, meaning that it is processed from various kinds of analytical theory from various sources of literature. The results of the study show that Islamic Education Neuroscience in epistemology also refers to Islamic law. Epistemologically, Irfani refers to the background of the scientific dichotomy between neuroscience, education, and Islam. Epistemologically, Burhani refers to empirical facts about the importance of collaboration between Islamic educators and neurologists in designing curricula and learning that optimizes students' brains in achieving Islamic education goals. Referring to the hybridization of other disciplines such as anthropology and psychology of Islamic education, this scientific development can further deepen the derivatives and clusters knowledge and more adapted to the needs of students.

Expertise, moral subversion, and climate deregulation

The weaponizing of scientific expertise to oppose regulation has been extensively studied. However, the relevant studies, belonging to the emerging discipline of agnotology, remain focused on the analysis of empirical corruption: of misinformation, doubt mongering, and other practices that cynically deploy expertise to render audiences ignorant of empirical facts. This paper explores the wrongful deployment of expertise beyond empirical corruption. To do so, I develop a broader framework of morally subversive expertise, building on recent work in political philosophy (Howard, 2016). Expertise is subversive if it sets up its audience to fail morally, either intentionally or negligently. I distinguish three modes of subversive expertise: empirical subversion (the focus of agnotology), normative subversion and motivational subversion. Drawing on these distinctions, I offer a revisionary account of the Trump Administration’s regulatory science as a case study. I show that the Trump Administration’s use of expertise to dismantle climate regulation, contra the standard charge, cannot be explained using the resources of agnotology alone: the Administration produced highly reliable climate assessments, detailing the risks of climate change, candidly admitting the harms of its proposed policies, and still successfully deployed these findings to justify massive climate deregulation. The lesson of the analysis is that dismissing the expertise that underpins climate deregulation as empirically corrupt ‘anti-science’ both obscures its actual role in the politics of climate change and understates its wrongfulness: it misses the breadth of the assault on moral agency that sustains climate injustice.

The Effectiveness of Climate Adaptation Finance and Readiness on Vulnerability in African Economies

Addressing climate vulnerability remains a priority for economies globally. This study used the panel-corrected standard error (PCSE) methodology to investigate the impact of adaptation financing on climate vulnerability. This analysis examined 52 African countries from 2012 to 2021 while considering their climate adaptation readiness. The impact was also assessed based on the Human Development Index (HDI) categories to reflect different levels of development. The findings showed that adaptation finance considerably influenced climate vulnerability reduction in Africa, particularly in nations with a moderate HDI. However, most countries still need higher levels of adaptation financing, resulting in a small impact on vulnerability reduction. Furthermore, the impact of readiness measures differed by HDI category. Economic and social climate readiness strongly impacted climate vulnerability in high-HDI nations, but governance preparedness was more critical in low-HDI countries. Based on the empirical facts, two policy proposals emerge. First, it is critical to reconsider the distribution of adaptation financing to reduce disparities and effectively alleviate climate vulnerability. Moreover, African economies should consider implementing innovative localized financing mechanisms to mobilize extra adaptation finance. Second, African governments should customize climate readiness interventions based on their HDI levels to improve the achievement of a positive impact on climate vulnerability.

Talent, Geography, and Offshore R&D

Abstract I model and quantify the impact of a new dimension of globalization: offshore R&D. In the model, firms employ researchers across the globe to develop new product blueprints and then engage in offshore production and exporting. Frictions impeding trade and the separation of production from R&D lead to a “market-access” motive for offshore R&D, while cross-country differences in the distributions of firm knowhow and worker ability generate a “talent-acquisition” motive. I discipline the model using empirical facts derived from a new firm-level dataset. Counterfactual experiments show that the two motives can account for a significant portion of the observed offshore R&D. Incorporating offshore R&D amplifies the gains from globalization by a factor of 1.3 and generates new implications for the impacts of traditional forms of global integration, namely trade and multinational production.

Early dementia detection with speech analysis and machine learning techniques

This in-depth study journey explores the context of natural language processing and text analysis in dementia detection, revealing their importance in a variety of fields. Beginning with an examination of the widespread and influence of text data. The dataset utilised in this study is from TalkBank's DementiaBank, which is basically a vast database of multimedia interactions built with the goal of examining communication patterns in the context of dementia. The various communication styles dementia patients exhibit when communicating with others are seen from a unique perspective by this specific dataset. Thorough data preprocessing procedures, including cleansing, tokenization, and structuring, are undertaken, with a focus on improving prediction capabilities through the combination of textual and non-textual information in the field of feature engineering. In the subsequent phase, the precision, recall, and F1-score metrics of Support Vector Machines (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN), Random Forest, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are assessed. Empirical facts are synthesized using text analysis methods and models to formulate a coherent conclusion. The significance of text data analysis, the revolutionary potential of natural language processing, and the direction for future research are highlighted in this synthesis. Throughout this paper, readers are encouraged to leverage text data to embark on their own adventures in the evolving, data-centric world of dementia detection.