Terms Of Emotions Research Articles

Risk, Trust, and Emotion in Online Pharmacy Medication Purchases: Multimethod Approach Incorporating Customer Self-Reports, Facial Expressions, and Neural Activation.

Online pharmacies are used less than other e-commerce sites in Germany. Shopping behavior does not correspond to consumption behavior, as online purchases are predominantly made for over-the-counter (OTC) medications. The objective of this study was to understand the purchasing experiences of online pharmacy customers in terms of critical factors for online pharmacy adoption. This study examined the perceived risk, perceived trust, and emotions related to purchasing medications online and, consequently, the purchase intention toward online pharmacies. In a within-subjects design (N=37 participants), 2 German online pharmacies with different perceptions of risk and trust were investigated for their main business, namely OTC and prescription drugs. The results of a preliminary study led to 1 online pharmacy with high and 1 with significantly low self-reported risk by the prestudy sample. Emotions were measured with a multimethod approach during and after the purchase situation as follows: (1) neural evaluation processes using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, (2) the automated direct motor response during the use of the online pharmacy via facial expression analysis (FaceReader), and (3) subjective evaluations through self-reports. Following the shopping experiences at both pharmacies for both product types, risk, trust, and purchase intention toward the pharmacies were assessed using self-assessments. The 2 online pharmacies were rated differently in terms of risk, trust, emotions, and purchase intention. The high-risk pharmacy was also perceived as having lower trust and vice versa. Significantly stronger negative emotional expressions on customers' faces and different neural activations in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex were measured when purchasing prescription drugs from the high-risk pharmacy than from the low-risk pharmacy, combined with OTC medications. In line with this, customers' self-ratings indicated higher negative emotions for the high-risk pharmacy and lower negative emotions for the low-risk pharmacy. Moreover, the ratings showed lower purchase intention for the high-risk pharmacy. Using multimethod measurements, we showed that the preceding neural activation and subsequent verbal evaluation of online pharmacies are reflected in the customers' immediate emotional facial expressions. High-risk online pharmacies and prescription drugs lead to stronger negative emotional facial expressions and trigger neural evaluation processes that imply perceived loss. Low-risk online pharmacies and OTC medications lead to weaker negative emotional facial expressions and trigger neural evaluation processes that signify certainty and perceived reward. The results may provide an explanation for why OTC medications are purchased online more frequently than prescription medications.

Guilt, shame, and embarrassment: similar or different emotions? A comparison between Italians and Americans.

Guilt, shame, and embarrassment represent affective experiences with social implications and diverse self-relevant negative affect. While the distinction between these emotion terms has been extensively investigated, little is known about how they diverge and are related to each other and their crosscultural differences. Here, we used a community sample (N = 163) comprised of Americans and Italians and a scenario-based measure in which we asked participants to report the intensity of emotions that the story's main character would feel. The elements used to build the scenarios were based on a recent theoretical approach that proposes distinguishing cognitive, somatic, interoceptive, and behavioral ingredients to differentiate between these emotions. We hypothesized that these ingredients might effectively elicit the target emotions and that the main differences across these cultures would be associated with the emotion terms of shame/vergogna. Our findings suggest that these defining elements are effective in evoking experiences of guilt, shame, and embarrassment. Moreover, we found that shame was equally elicited by the Shame and Guilt Scenarios only in the American sample, thus suggesting a proximity between shame and guilt in the American sample compared to the Italian's terms of vergogna and colpa. These results suggest important implications for the psychology of moral emotions and highlight the importance of taking into account some cognitive factors, such as the quality of self-evaluation, the discrepancy between the actual self and the ideal self vs. the sense of perceived responsibility, and the different domains related to self-esteem.

Is wine an emotional object? Measurements of the subjective and automatic components of emotions in a wine-tasting situation

Wine is often described with emotional terms, such as surprising, disappointing, or pleasant. However, very little has been done to understand the role of emotions in wine tasting and characterise this link between emotions and wine. Many studies have looked at the extrinsic factors that can improve the emotional experience of tasters when discovering a wine, but few have been carried out on the emotional impact of the organoleptic characteristics of wines. The present study aims to determine if the automatic component of emotion has a measurable output (motor and physiological) when tasting wine. If so, does wine tasting induce a concomitant activation of the different components of emotion, such as subjective feelings or physiological and motor responses?Sixty-five connoisseurs tasted seven different red Bordeaux wines with different sensory properties and quality levels pre-defined by wine experts. Emotions were measured using subjective (subjective feelings measurement using self-declarative questionnaires) and automatic (physiological measurements such as skin conductance and heart rate, or motor measurements through facial expressions) methods. The results showed that there was a measurable physiological and motor emotional output in wine tasting. The results also highlighted that changes in the autonomic nervous system in a wine-tasting situation are structured around the dimensions of pleasantness and arousal. Motor measurements taken through facial expressions showed a marginally significant difference between wines providing pleasant and unpleasant emotions for the activation intensity of action units. The relationships established between these components, as well as their concomitant activation, allow us to define wine as an emotional object.

Designing a wheel-based assessment tool to measure visual aesthetic emotions

Measuring emotions in a comprehensive and meaningful way has been a constant challenge for emotion researchers in behavioral sciences. There is much debate surrounding affect and emotion conveyed in artwork as these elements are subjective higher-level semantics that are difficult to measure objectively. This paper introduces the Visual Aesthetic Wheel of Emotion (VAWE), a domain-specific device for measuring visual aesthetic emotions, which was structurally inspired by the Geneva Emotion Wheel (GEW). The development of the emotion terms used in this device were based on an extensive literature review on emotions induced by visual art and music, as well as various assessment tools. A set of emotions representing different categories were compiled and a field study was conducted to select the most appropriate terms for the wheel. VAWE contains twenty emotion terms that reflect emotional responses to a perceived aesthetic emotion from artwork stimuli. GEW’s adaptation procedure and analysis was used to determine the placement of the terms around the wheel, including a self-reporting test was developed and implemented with sixty participants. The twenty aesthetic emotion terms are organized on a wheel-like format with points on the spokes of the wheel representing the intensity users feel, along with a neutral option in the center. The device differs from instruments that require respondents to rate their feelings on a list of emotions terms as it organizes the terms to be rated on a theoretically justified two-dimensional system of valence and arousal.

Megafire: An ambiguous and emotive term best avoided by science

AbstractBackgroundAs fire regimes are changing and wildfire disasters are becoming more frequent, the term megafire is increasingly used to describe impactful wildfires, under multiple meanings, both in academia and popular media. This has resulted in a highly ambiguous concept.ApproachWe analysed the use of the term ‘megafire’ in popular media to determine its origin, its developments over time, and its meaning in the public sphere. We subsequently discuss how relative the term ‘mega’ is, and put this in the context of an analysis of Portuguese and global data on fire size distribution.ResultsWe found that ‘megafire’ originated in the popular news media over 20 years before it appeared in science. Megafire is used in a diversity of languages, considers landscape fires as well as urban fires, and has a variety of meanings in addition to size. What constitutes ‘mega’ is relative and highly context‐dependent in space and time, given variation in landscape, climate, and anthropogenic controls, and as revealed in examples from the Netherlands, Portugal and the Global Fire Atlas. Moreover, fire size does not equate to fire impact.ConclusionGiven the diverse meanings of megafire in the popular media, we argue that redefining megafire in science potentially leads to greater disparity between science and practice. Megafire is widely used as an emotive term that is best left for popular media. For those wanting to use it in science, what constitutes a megafire should be defined by the context in which it is used, not by a metric of one‐size‐fits‐all.

Analysis of the Use of the Yellow River in Chinese Movie

As a symbol of Chinese culture and history, the Yellow River plays an important role in movies. The Yellow River is not only a geographical landmark, but also has rich symbolic meanings and is often used to convey profound emotions, ideas and themes. In the movie, the audience can find that the different states of the Yellow River, the flow of the water, the presentation of the scenery as well as the audio-visual elements all contain multi-level symbolic meanings, and these symbols not only enhance the artistry of the movie, but also allow the audience to have a deeper experience in terms of emotion and thought. While exploring these symbols in depth, the rich connotation of Chinese culture can also be better understood.

Caring through Graphic Medicine

AbstractBackgroundHumanity is developed with language and memory. Memory gives us personality, emotional intelligence, family relations, and community. Alzheimer’s is a type of dementia that causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior. Symptoms usually develop slowly and get worse over time, becoming severe enough to interfere with daily tasks. There is a notion that caregiving for patients is the primary responsibility of female family members.Certainly, caregiving has been associated with women, at least since it was incorporated into the emerging feminine sphere of domesticity in nineteenth‐century notions of gendered separate spheres.Physical nature of female and emotional strength are also centered on caring. All over the world women are the predominant providers of informal care for family members with chronic medical conditions or disabilities, including the elderly and adults with mental illnesses. It has been suggested that there are several societal and cultural demands on women to adopt the role of a family‐caregiver. Many theories propose that women are more likely to be exposed to caregiving stressors.This study explores how challenges of care giving Alzheimer/Dementia patients affect the caregiver especially female care givers in multiple perspectives. The activity of care giving involves economic, social and psychological impact not only on the care recipient but also the care giver, who devotes the entire period of care giving sacrificing the personal needs and ambitions.MethodPrimary data were collected from caregivers located in different parts of India.Secondary data from Govt agencies were also used for analysis. Wherever possible case studies were conducted and also personal interviews with family members. Analysis was effected through SPSS with relelevant inputs.ResultPost Covid caregiving has become a challenging task for caregivers especially female caregivers throughout the world.As there was slowdown in economic activity, challenges commuted in terms of finance,emotions and moral support.ConclusionThere is a need for understanding the issues involved in caregiving and appropriate steps are to be initiated for provision of adequate support from the Govt and also the social responsibility has to be properly propogated among all sections of the society.

How emotions and green altruism explain consumer purchase intention toward circular economy products: A multi‐group analysis on willingness to be environmentally friendly

AbstractCircular economy products are one of the solutions that can help solve the current environmental crisis and consequently achieve environmental sustainability. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is the most important social psychological theory to explain individual purchasing behavior. However, the theory lacks a consideration of emotions, green altruism, and other factors. In order to address the research gap, this study proposes and tests a new theoretical model that incorporates variables such as emotions, green altruism, and the willingness to be environmentally friendly (WEF) into its extended model based on the TPB framework, in order to investigate the determinants that have an effect on Taiwanese consumers' purchase intention toward circular economy products. This study also uses multi‐group analysis (MGA) to analyze the moderating effects of WEF on its new theoretical model. It collected data from 387 Taiwanese consumers and analyzed the data using partial least squares (PLS). The research results showed (1) emotions, attitudes, green altruism, and perceived behavior control have a positive effect on consumer purchase intention toward circular economy products; (2) emotions have a positive effect on attitudes, green altruism, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control; and (3) groups with different levels of WEF have significant differences on consumer purchase intention toward circular economy products, in terms of emotions, attitudes, and green altruism. The results of this study can provide a reference for manufacturers and public policy makers to understand how consumers' emotions and green altruism can affect the decision‐making process to making purchase of circular economy products.

An exploratory study on emotional consequents of visceral food pleasure

Purpose This study aims to explore the phenomenon of visceral food pleasure, described as a unitary experience that, after an initial sense of pleasure and relief generated by the satisfaction of eating impulses, is followed by negative feelings – such as guilt and worry – linked to the consumption of hedonic or unhealthy foods. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory approach has been adopted. In particular, the critical incident technique among 87 individuals has been used to extract insights about visceral food pleasure. Findings Contrary to previous research results, this study shows that viscearl food pleasure is not a unitary phenomenon, identifying four types of different facets, two of which have a negative valence in terms of felt emotions post-consumption and psychological well-being (i.e. the “greedy” and the “maladaptive” experiences). More importantly, the other two facets are associated with positive consequences in terms of emotions felt post-consumption and perceived psychological well-being (i.e. the “social” and the “fair sin” experiences). Practical implications Companies that provide food experiences can prime meanings that influence consumers’ perceptions of the episode to elicit positive emotions post-consumption and psychological well-being. Social implications Promoting a more holistic view of food consumption and psychological well-being can free consumers from negative emotions during food consumption episodes. Priming a particular meaning can be a way to do that. However, as visceral experience can still lead to health issues, this must be combined with an education process that makes consumers aware of their food habits. Originality/value This research challenges the idea that visceral food experiences are always negative. Indeed, when associated with particular meanings (i.e. social and reward), they have a positive valence post-consumption.

The conceptual nature of the Turkish emotion term ‘Heyecan’

Abstract This study aims at investigating the Turkish emotion concept heyecan (i.e., thrill, excitement, and nervousness), which can be used with different semantic contents depending on the context. The conceptual metaphor theory frames this analysis to reveal the metaphorical and metonymical conceptualizations of heyecan. For this purpose, the lemma heyecan is searched in the Turkish National Corpus, and 700 concordance lines gathered from the corpus are examined through the metaphor identification procedure to identify the source domains and interpret the conceptual coding. The findings reveal a folk model of heyecan in which several metaphors and metonymies characterize different dimensions of it: arousal–existence–disappearance, intensity–passivity, control, cause–effect, and individual–social. Qualitative and quantitative findings embody various linguistic metaphors that can be grouped under several source domain categories including substance in a container, location, and object as the most frequent ones, whereas physiological effect is the most frequent metonymy. The metaphors and metonymies are discussed with their examples in this study. The concordance lines show several emotion terms that heyecan is collocated with, among which the emotion families of ‘fear’ and ‘happiness’ outnumber the rest. This study demonstrates how corpus data are helpful in pinpointing the conceptual content of an emotion term in a coherent way.

Emotional response to healthier foods: Influence of culture and health consciousness.

Sugar, salt, and fat content in processed products are important concerns for consumers. Hence, alternative "healthy" versions of conventional foods such as chocolate, potato chips, and yogurt are offered. This work aimed to define the emotional response of consumers from different cultural backgrounds (Spain vs. Brazil) evoked by healthier versions of conventional products and the relationship between hedonic responses and health consciousness. A total of 186 Brazilian and 152 Spanish consumers participated in this online cross-cultural study. Participants answered a Health Consciousness Questionnaire and an emotional check-all-that-applies questionnaire using picture stimuli of conventional chocolate, potato chips, and yogurt and their healthier versions with less sugar, salt, and fat content, respectively. The Brazilians' emotional responses were more diverse for all stimuli compared to the Spaniards'. However, participants from both cultures rated an average of "slightly agree" on the health consciousness scale; a higher level of consumption, liking, and willingness to buy; and a higher frequency of positive emotional terms for the stimuli of conventional products compared to their healthier versions. A higher frequency of evocation of "active" is strongly associated with higher levels of health consciousness. Strategic actions by the food industry and government must consider cultural, emotional, and health-conscious factors to encourage the consumption of healthier foods. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Food manufacturers can use the information obtained from this study to create healthier versions of their products that appeal to consumers' emotional responses and health consciousness levels. The findings can assist in designing strategic actions to promote healthier food consumption by emphasizing the benefits of healthier food choices and making them more appealing to consumers. The methodology employed in this study can also be applied to further studies aimed to assess emotional responses to food stimuli across different cultures.

Public perspective on renewable and other energy resources: Evidence from social media big data and sentiment analysis

To address global climate change, many countries are reducing CO2 emissions and replacing conventional energy resources with alternative ones. When developing national energy plans, it is essential to investigate public perspectives on the relationship between renewable and other energy resources. This study employs sentiment and correlation analyses of social media data to assess public perspectives on the complex relationships between renewable and other energy resources. The results show that renewable energy and nuclear energy have a complementary relationship in terms of positive emotions, but a substitute relationship in terms of negative emotions. These findings can inform regional and national energy plans and policies for renewable and nuclear energy. Additionally, this study demonstrates that the proposed methodology can be used to assess public perspectives on various energy resources.

Secondary School Teachers Teaching Strategies Toward Gender-atypical Students

More people need to be aware of how easily gender-atypical youths can be hurt in terms of body, sex, or emotions. Gender-atypical individuals refer explicitly to males with feminine qualities and females with masculine qualities, namely those who deviate from traditional gender expectations and often labeled as sissy or tomboy by society. Since gender-atypical behaviors are deemed to deviate from the mainstream, destabilize the power-based social construct in which male is associated with dominance while the female is related to submissiveness and is associated with homosexuality, Boys who act in ways that are associated with femininity and girls who act in ways that are associated with masculinity are at a high risk of becoming rejected, bullied or victimized. It is of great necessity for the secondary school teachers and relevant organization to take initiatives to develop strategies that specifically support gender-atypical students because primary and secondary schools have previously been more traditional and resistant to social change and students at that age are more likely to reinforce the patriarchal social system and conventional gender norms. To buffer the victimization and distress gender-atypical youngsters encounter in their lives and help them develop into healthy adults with self-love and self-acceptance, secondary school teachers should reform teaching practices and programming decisions to establish a supportive and inclusive school environment and apply what they have learned about gender disparities and gender norms into practice to encourage their students to embrace a positive view on heterogeneity and diversity. Moreover, knowledge about homosexuality should be popularized to abate the negativity of homophobia.

СЕМАНТИКА И ПРАГМАТИКА СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МЕДИА В АСПЕКТЕ МАНИПУЛЯТИВНОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ НА ПОКОЛЕНИЕ Z

Pragmalinguistic analysis of media texts with a destructive component (violence, suicide, revenge, reprisals) is presented. A feature of the media content under study is: 1) the presence of a digital communicator – a digital platform (blog, messenger, social network, video, etc.) for broadcasting and replicating the communication process by the participants themselves (representatives of generation Z); 2) the place and role of a digital communicator in the implementation of a given destructive behavioral model. The transformation of axiosphere was revealed: there were axiological shifts in the conceptual field "LIFE-DEATH". Due to it we were able to identify the potential activity of the destructive vector of the homo digitalis behavioral model. The "axiologeme" is interpreted by us as a speech signal of hidden influence. In the text it acts as a lexical unit with code evaluation, which forms positive, neutral or negative associations: death (negative in psychological and emotional terms; neutral (logical conclusion of the life way) from the point of view of Christian morality in objective reality, neutral in virtual reality, as it is possible to reboot and positive (receiving bonuses: likes, discussions, comments). The development of influence plans ("positive-approving, neutral-indifferent or negativedisapproving") for the described events allowed us to identify the author's assessment of the media text with a destructive component. Positive-approving plan – 36.4%, negative-disapproving - 46.1%, and neutral-indifferent – 18.5%. These data reflect the prospects for the preservation/non-preservation of the axiosphere of Russian linguaculture.

A Tale of Two Cultures: Comparing Interpersonal Information Disclosure Norms on Twitter

We present an exploration of cultural norms surrounding online disclosure of information about one's interpersonal relationships (such as information about family members, colleagues, friends, or lovers) on Twitter. The literature identifies the cultural dimension of individualism versus collectivism as being a major determinant of offline communication differences in terms of emotion, topic, and content disclosed. We decided to study whether such differences also occur online in context of Twitter when comparing tweets posted in an individualistic (U.S.) versus a collectivist (India) society. We collected more than 2 million tweets posted in the U.S. and India over a 3 month period which contain interpersonal relationship keywords. A card-sort study was used to develop this culturally-sensitive saturated taxonomy of keywords that represent interpersonal relationships (e.g., ma, mom, mother). Then we developed a high-accuracy interpersonal disclosure detector based on dependency-parsing (F1-score: 86%) to identify when the words refer to a personal relationship of the poster (e.g., "my mom" as opposed to "a mom"). This allowed us to identify the 400K+ tweets in our data set which actually disclose information about the poster's interpersonal relationships. We used a mixed methods approach to analyze these tweets (e.g., comparing the amount of joy expressed about one's family) and found differences in emotion, topic, and content disclosed between tweets from the U.S. versus India. Our analysis also reveals how a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods are needed to uncover these differences; Using just one or the other can be misleading. This study extends the prior literature on Multi-Party Privacy and provides guidance for researchers and designers of culturally-sensitive systems.

CNN Based Efficient Facial Emotion Recognition System for Children

An efficient and robust technique for facial expression analysis for the different human face image input is carried out. During the analysis with every dataset, it is analysed through the Convolution Neural network (CNN) method. In order to analyse the facial data in terms of emotions, at this stage of research it is considered with the three different emotions such as Happy, Sad and Anger. For the analysis of facial data for the very rarely occurring disorder autism disorder in the age group around 10 years termed as children age group. As an initial step of analysis of autism disorder emotion expressed through face is a significant symptom hence in the present research is carried out using the freely available Kaggle database to achieve the better accuracy and stability in the obtained results by the proposed technique of methodology. To show the proposed technique is better than the existing algorithms, two different database are considered and cross correlation among the database in terms of its efficiency are considered.

Weak, immoral, naïve: Gendered representations of neutrality and the emotional politics of peace and security

In the context of Russia’s war in Ukraine, the status of neutrality or military non-alignment is facing deeper challenges since its expected demise in the post–Cold War period. This article explores the gendered and emotional politics of neutrality and its relationship to peace and security. Neutrality has consistently been conceived as an irrational security option for weak states that refuse to bandwagon. ‘Hegemonic’ or ‘disciplining’ discourses of neutrality have conditioned current debates about alliances and security threats, and are imbued with gendered binaries and logics. Such discourses – textual, visual and other – are important because they reveal how neutrality has been positioned in relation to war, peace, morality and agency, and how such positioning constrained the possibilities for thinking about the ‘peace potential’ of neutrality. However, the gendered and emotive history of neutrality also contains a complexity that can be overlooked if simply understood in terms of binary discourses of weakness and irrationality. Inverted gender and emotional codings are also at work in discourses about neutrality. Seeing this complexity in terms of gender and emotions is critically important for conceptualising peace and security beyond narrow confines.

Language Differences by Race on Letters of Recommendation for the Pediatric Surgery Match

This study aims to evaluate if there is any significant linguistic difference in LoR based on applicant's race/ethnicity. Retrospective review of applications to pediatric surgery fellowship at a single institution (2016-2020). Race was self-reported by applicants. LoR were analyzed via the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software program. Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida USA. A free-standing tertiary pediatric hospital. Pediatric surgery fellowship applicants from 2016 to 2020. A total of 1086 LoR from 280 applicants (52% female) were analyzed. Racial distribution was Caucasians 62.1%, Asian 12.1%, Hispanics 7.1%, multiracial 6.4% African Americans 5%, and other/unknown 7.1%. Letter writers were largely male (84%), pediatric surgeons (63%) and professors (57%). There was no difference in LoR word count across races. LoR for female multiracial candidates contained higher use of affiliation and negative emotion terms compared to Hispanic females (p = 0.002 and 0.048, respectively), and past focus terms when compared to Caucasian and Asian female applicants (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). Religion terms were more common in LoR for Asian females when compared to Caucasian females (p < 0.001). This study demonstrates linguistic differences in LoR for pediatric surgery training programs based on applicant race/ethnicity. While differences are present, these do not suggest overt bias based on applicants race or ethnicity.

Acoustic perception and emotion evocation by rock art soundscapes of Altai (Russia).

The major goal of psychoarchaeoacoustics is to understand the psychology behind motivations and emotions of past communities when selecting certain acoustic environments to set activities involving the production of paintings and carvings. Within this framework, the present study seeks to explore whether a group of archaeological rock art sites in Altai (Siberia, Russia) are distinguished by particular acoustic imprints that elicit distinct reactions on listeners, in perceptual and emotional terms. Sixty participants were presented with a series of natural sounds convolved with six impulse responses from Altai, three of them recorded in locations in front of rock art panels and three of them in front of similar locations but without any trace of rock art. Participants were interrogated about their subjective perception of the sounds presented, using 10 psychoacoustic and emotional scales. The mixed ANOVA analyses carried out revealed that feelings of "presence," "closeness," and "tension" evoked by all sounds were significantly influenced by the location. These effects were attributed to the differences in reverberation between the locations with and without rock art. Despite results are not consistent across all the studied rock art sites, and acknowledging the presence of several limitations, this study highlights the significance of its methodology. It stresses the crucial aspect of incorporating the limitations encountered in shaping future research endeavors.

Salon nail care with superficial self-disclosure vitalizes psychological state.

Physical attractiveness has long been established as a desirable trait in society. Physically attractive individuals are considered more competent, successful, and sociable. Numerous studies have examined the influence of makeup on physical attractiveness and its subjective psychological effects. However, the effect of nail care has not yet been examined. This study aimed to explore the psychological effects of nail care. Female Japanese participants (N = 334) completed an online questionnaire. The results showed that nail care positively elevated three aspects: positive emotions, relaxation, and vitalization. Moreover, they confirmed significant differences between receiving nail care from salon manicurists and self-performed nail care in terms of positive emotions and relaxation. The results indicated that nail care altered the appearance of the recipients' nails and their self-esteem, including their feelings, mood, and motivation. Furthermore, this study indicates that it may be preferable for both manicurists and clients not to self-disclose in-depth, as this would negate the positive effects of nail care. The study concludes with recommendations for future research.