Emotions Happiness Research Articles

Emotion regulation self-efficacy mediates the relation between happiness emotion goals and depressive symptoms: A cross-lagged panel design.

The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that unrealistically high happiness emotion goals lead to decreased emotion regulation self-efficacy, which in turn, leads to depressive symptoms. A cross-lagged panel design with data collection at three time points was used to allow for causal inferences of directionality among study variables. Participants (N = 181) completed a battery of self-report questionnaires at a baseline assessment session (T1). The same measures were completed again at 6- (T2) and 12-month (T3) follow-up sessions. Results of a cross-lagged path analysis indicated that emotion regulation self-efficacy at T2 mediated the relation between happiness emotion goals at T1 and depressive symptoms at T3, thus confirming the primary study hypothesis. To decrease the likelihood that one will experience depressive symptoms, vulnerable individuals may benefit from preemptive efforts that help recalibrate emotion goals in a realistic manner or shift attention toward end-state goals that are not emotion related. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Trajectory of the Recognition of Basic Emotions in the Neurodevelopment of Children and Its Evaluation Through the “Recognition of Basic Emotions in Childhood” Test (REBEC)

The neurodevelopment of emotion recognition is critical to achieving an adequate Social Cognition. This ability is developed during the first years through primary social referents, and later peers are a source of training that facilitates insertion in social groups. Most of the emotion recognition tests used are based on reagents that use adult faces, which can be a problem when evaluating the ability to recognize basic emotions in children. The objective of the research was to study this ability in children, analyzing its incremental validity on the variables age, valence, gender and emotional category. The Recognition of Basic Emotions in Childhood Test (REBEC) was designed using 30 reagents based on faces of children expressing 5 basic emotions of different intensity (low, medium and high). The REBEC was administered to 214 children, between 6 and 12 years old. The maximum score was 30. The average (M) of correct answers was 19.86; with a standard deviation (SD) of ± 4.12. The study sample was divided into 7 groups according to the level of schooling. The group of 12 year-olds obtained the highest yield (M) 22.18 ± 4.12. The 6-year olds’ group obtained the lowest yield (M) of 17.78 ± 4.41. The (M) of hits in girls was 20.61 ± 3.91; being of (M) 19.24 ± 4.21 for children. The Emotion Happiness was the most recognized (M) 93.8%, followed by Anger (M) 75.1%, Sadness (M) 58.6%, Disgust (M) 56.3%, and Fear (M) 47, 4%, We analyzed the level of success according to age, configuring the trajectory of Neurodevelopment for each emotion, taking incorrect categorization of emotions into account: Disgust, tended to be confused with Anger or Sadness. After obtaining the normative data of the REBEC Test and observing its psychometric properties and the sensitivity for the detection of the differences between groups, it is postulated as a valid and reliable instrument for the measurement of the facial expression abilities of the basic emotions in childhood.

Relationship Between Jealousy and Subjective Happiness Among University Students: Moderating Role of Self-Esteem

The main aim of present study is to test the associations between perceived jealousy, subjective happiness, and self-esteem. Moreover, it also aimed to test the role of self-esteem as a moderator between jealousy and subjective happiness. Our sample comprised of 200 university students using purposive convenient sampling technique including 100 male and 100 female students. For data collection we used Perceived Jealousy Scale (Iqbal, Fazaldad, & Hassan, 2019), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965) and Subjective Happiness Scale (Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999).Findings indicate a significant negative relationship between perceived jealousy and subjective happiness (r=-.32, p <.001), and a positive relationship between subjective happiness and self-esteem. Furthermore, self-esteem acts as a moderator between perceived jealousy and subjective happiness. This study is beneficial in finding ways to enhance the self-esteem of students so that they can deal with negative emotions of jealousy and can experience positive emotions of happiness.

Pitch-synchronous single frequency filtering spectrogram for speech emotion recognition

Convolutional neural networks (CNN) are widely used for speech emotion recognition (SER). In such cases, the short time fourier transform (STFT) spectrogram is the most popular choice for representing speech, which is fed as input to the CNN. However, the uncertainty principles of the short-time Fourier transform prevent it from capturing time and frequency resolutions simultaneously. On the other hand, the recently proposed single frequency filtering (SFF) spectrogram promises to be a better alternative because it captures both time and frequency resolutions simultaneously. In this work, we explore the SFF spectrogram as an alternative representation of speech for SER. We have modified the SFF spectrogram by taking the average of the amplitudes of all the samples between two successive glottal closure instants (GCI) locations. The duration between two successive GCI locations gives the pitch, motivating us to name the modified SFF spectrogram as pitch-synchronous SFF spectrogram. The GCI locations were detected using zero frequency filtering approach. The proposed pitch-synchronous SFF spectrogram produced accuracy values of 63.95% (unweighted) and 70.4% (weighted) on the IEMOCAP dataset. These correspond to an improvement of + 7.35% (unweighted) and + 4.3% (weighted) over state-of-the-art result on the STFT sepctrogram using CNN. Specially, the proposed method recognized 22.7% of the happy emotion samples correctly, whereas this number was 0% for state-of-the-art results. These results also promise a much wider use of the proposed pitch-synchronous SFF spectrogram for other speech-based applications.

THE VARIOUSITY OF HAPPINESS PERSPECTIVE AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN LEARNING PROCESS

Happiness is the ultimate goal of all activities. The desire for happiness makes humans look for the source of happiness that its existence is worthy of several elements of life. Education as one of the crucial elements of life has varied learning models that can increase the willingness of students to learn. The conscious effort to learn becomes more optimal in a happy psychological condition. This research discusses the ultimate happiness in the Koran described with scientific theories of happiness and explains the Quantum theory of happiness in the learning model. The research method used was literature study and content analysis as the data analysis technique. The results of this study indicate that first, happiness in the Koran was not caused by wealth but our faith as a believer. Second, there are endorphins in humans that emit happiness and calmness. Third, someone who is happy will have a change in thoughts, words, actions, facial expressions, and positive muscle activity. Fourth, the learning model that can create happy learning begins with creating happy emotions, giving both material and non-material rewards, and good habituation. Fifth, the understanding about happiness from various perspectives can provide a variety of positive developments in all aspects of life and will lead into a better life.

Effect of Academic Interest and Emotional Happiness on Academic Performance in Learning Environment.

According to Bloom's Taxonomy, the motto of education is to groom the students' as a better personality in knowledge, skill set and emotions under the supervision of academicians. Development of information technology paves the way to analyse the data from the educational environment and make decisions which help to be in track to achieve the motto. i.e. Educational Data mining. Education Data mining is one of the research domains of data mining which convert the data from the educational sector as insights for decision making. This paper is to analyse the effect of student's academic interest on emotional happiness and academic performance by applying supervised and unsupervised learning techniques. Students' Emotional Happiness and students' academic performance is evaluated by the Oxford Happiness Inventory and criterion reference model. Academic interest is received as yes or no responses from the students. Naive Bayes classification algorithm and K Means clustering algorithm is applied to categorise the student participants based on their happiness scale, academic interest and academic performance. The association between academic interest and performance is determined using predictive and descriptive mining. By this research, it is witnessed the positive association between academic interest, happiness and performance. The insights of this investigation will allow the teachers' to understand the students in a better way and do the needful to enhance academic efficiency.

PARKOUR AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES

Recreation philosophy is human ability to relax applying various games and activities, where a game or activity has some purpose, which we should know and understand how to achieve it. Parkour is a movement, form of training, a way of getting it, the art of moving from point A to point B with your own body as a means in as fast, efficient and controlled manner as possible based on your own circumstances. It is completely free from competitions, competitions or other forms of rivalry. Recreation is for people to restore from everyday work routine and stress. Practically people perceive this essence of recreation which gives us a possibility to relax and creates emotions of happiness. Parkour is an art that helps you pass any obstacle to go from point A to point B using only the abilities of the human body. One of recreation and parkour kinds is outdoor activities, which means different open-air activities in nature. Outdoor activities have a physical, mental, emotional and even educational effect on a participant. Recreation and parkour activities are not organized like competitions, to participate in them there are no rules made. People who go in for recreation outdoors need only space on the land, water or in the air. It is an activity which allows an individual to renew interacting with the nature in cities and villages, as well as in virgin nature territories. What separates them from parkour is that they contain more acrobatic and spectacular movements and where there may be an assessment in the performance. Recreational activities and parkour activities have many symbioses, sometimes we can Sayed recreational parkour (parkour of basics) for everyone. We are getting great emotions and physical well-being.

Cultivating Empathy and Resonance for Muslim Lives Through Affective Images of the Chapel Hill Victims

AbstractThis article examines the creative projects that circulated in digital media following the murder of three Muslim college students in Chapel Hill, NC, in February 2015. Through an engagement with affect theory and digital mourning studies, this article critically analyzes the limitations of affect in the digital moment, as the complex lives of the victims were reduced to simple but highly resonate icons. Despite the limitations of these affective icons, I argue that the contradictory emotions of successful happiness and unimaginable grief that adhered to these images enabled Muslims to cultivate feelings of resonance. At the same time, Muslims were expected to perform constant affective labor to prove the worth and equality of their lives. Finally, my analysis of this case illustrates how these heavily affective images reinforced that Muslim lives are only valued if they are positive, harmless and apolitical.

Masking effects on subjective annoyance to aircraft flyover noise: An fMRI study.

Sound masking, a new noise control technology, has been applied to improve subjective perception of noise in recent years. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this technology are still unclear. In this study, 18 healthy subjects were recurited to take subjective annoyance assessments and fMRI scanning with the aircraft noise and the masked aircraft noise. The results showed that the noise annoyance was associated with deficient functional connectivity between anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and prefrontal cortex and exceeded brain activation in ACC, which might be explained as compensation. The sound masking led to significantly strong activation in the left medial frontal cortex and right medial orbital frontal cortex, which were associated with happy emotion induced by sound masking. This study offered new insights on the underlying neural mechanisms of sound masking effects.

All Happy Emotions Are Alike but Every Unhappy Emotion Is Unhappy in Its Own Way: A Network Perspective to Academic Emotions.

Quantitative research into the nature of academic emotions has thus far been dominated by factor analyses of questionnaire data. Recently, psychometric network analysis has arisen as an alternative method of conceptualizing the composition of psychological phenomena such as emotions: while factor models view emotions as underlying causes of affects, cognitions and behavior, in network models psychological phenomena are viewed as arising from the interactions of their component parts. We argue that the network perspective is of interest to studies of academic emotions due to its compatibility with the theoretical assumptions of the control value theory of academic emotions. In this contribution we assess the structure of a Finnish questionnaire of academic emotions using both network analysis and exploratory factor analysis on cross-sectional data obtained during a single course. The global correlational structure of the network, investigated using the spinglass community detection analysis, differed from the results of the factor analysis mainly in that positive emotions were grouped in one community but loaded on different factors. Local associations between pairs of variables in the network model may arise due to different reasons, such as variable A causing variation in variable B or vice versa, or due to a latent variable affecting both. We view the relationship between feelings of self-efficacy and the other emotions as causal hypotheses, and argue that strengthening the students’ self-efficacy may have a beneficial effect on the rest of the emotions they experienced on the course. Other local associations in the network model are argued to arise due to unmodeled latent variables. Future psychometric studies may benefit from combining network models and factor models in researching the structure of academic emotions.

중년의 분노표현 양식에 따른 하위집단 간 공격성, 인지조절전략 및 행복 차이

본 연구는 중년을 대상으로 분노표현 양식에 따른 하위집단이 존재하는지 확인하고, 각 집단이 공격성, 인지조절전략, 행복 수준에서 유의한 차이가 있는지 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 40~65세의 중년 409명의 자료를 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 군집 1 높은 분노관여 집단, 군집 2 적응적 분노조절 집단, 군집 3 억제 및 표출집단, 군집 4 낮은 분노관여 집단으로 4개의 군집이 도출되었다. 둘째, 중년의 분노표현 양식에 따른 하위집단을 다른 연령대와 비교한 결과, 연령대별로 분노표현 양상에 차이가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 셋째, 억제 및 표출 집단은 신체적 공격성과 언어적 공격성이 높고 부적응적 인지조절전략을 사용하며 행복 수준이 낮아 4개 군집 중에서 가장 부적응적인 양상을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 중년의 분노표현 양식과 적응적인 삶에 대해 논의하였다.

The emotional journey of motherhood in migration. The case of Southern European mothers in Norway

Abstract Based on focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with Greek, Italian, and Spanish mothers living in Norway, this article contributes to an emerging body of literature on the role of emotions in migration by exploring migrant motherhood as an emotional journey. Drawing on the work of Arlie Hochschild on emotions and her theoretical concepts of framing rules, feeling rules, and emotion work, the article explores how migrant mothers reflect on their emotions when raising their children in the context of migration. Migrant mothers’ accounts illustrate the ambivalent and contradictory emotional experiences they have when they manage rules about how they should make sense of, and feel about their mothering in both host and origin countries. Emotions of guilt, blame, remorse, pride, satisfaction, confidence, and happiness shaped mothers’ experiences of motherhood and social interactions across countries. Through emotion work, migrant mothers managed interdependent emotions and related to different feeling rules establishing and maintaining relationships across places, and negotiating, in this way, their belonging to multiple contexts. Using an emotions-based sociological perspective, we look at motherhood as a field for studying the functions of emotions and their interactions in the context of migration.

Social cognitive deficits in male children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in relation to salivary oxytocin level

BackgroundThere is evidence supporting a pathophysiological role of oxytocin in attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) especially hyperactive and combined subtypes. It is known that children with ADHD show a high rate of social cognitive problems regarding emotion recognition. Oxytocin was assumed to play a role in the emergence of social cognition deficits in ADHD. Aim of this study is to assess social cognition (emotion recognition) deficits in relation to oxytocin level in different subtypes of ADHD among the study group. Forty male patients with ADHD were recruited from psychiatric outpatient clinic of Fayoum University Hospital, were diagnosed according to DSM-5, and were assessed using Conner’s parent rating scale–revised (L). Social cognition measured by CANTAB emotion recognition task (ERT) and the level of salivary oxytocin was measured by ELISA technique.ResultsCombined subtype had been lower in correctly detecting the emotions of fear and anger. Predominately, hyperactive impulsive ADHD subtype was more rapid while detecting the emotions of surprise and disgust. There was significant negative correlation between age of onset of ADHD and errors in detecting the emotion of anger and positive correlation between age of onset of ADHD and errors in detecting the emotion of surprise. Correct detection of the emotion of happiness was associated with increased oxytocin level but the correct detection of the emotion of fear was inversely related to oxytocin level. No statistically significant difference between different subtypes of ADHD regarding salivary oxytocin level.ConclusionOxytocin may play a role in social cognitive deficits in ADHD. The presence of social cognitive deficits in ADHD prompts further investigations to focus on the specificity of these deficits and in turn identify ways of managing them. Studying oxytocin in this population and its relation to social cognitive deficits can support the notion that oxytocin is a biological marker for ADHD.

Exploring the Nexus Between Culture, Values, Institutions, Happiness and Philanthropy: A Global Evidence

The main aim of this study was to investigate the impact of culture, values, institutions, and happiness on the world’s philanthropy. Culture is measured by Hofstede index (i.e. individualism-collectivism, masculinity-femininity, long and short-run orientation, uncertainty avoidance, power distance, and indulgence-restraint). The measurement of value is WVS (World Value Survey) and it consists of the emotion of happiness, active/ inactive membership of a church or religious organization, important in life; religion, confidence on charitable/ humanitarian organization and active/ inactive membership of charitable/ humanitarian organization. Institutions are measured by WGI (World Governance Indicators) and it consists of corruption, regulatory quality, accountability and voice, rule of law, political stability and government effectiveness, the sub-variables of happiness (index) are social support, freedom to take decisions and generosity and world’s philanthropy is measured by CAF (Charitable Aid Foundation) world giving index. We have gathered panel data (from the period 2010 to 2014) of CAF index, happiness index and WGI of 62 countries and cross-sectional data of CAF index, Hofstede index, WGI, happiness index and WVS of 24 countries. The result (of panel data) shows that there is a significant relation of WGI, social support and freedom of choice with CAF index whereas there is an insignificant connection between generosity and CAF index. The findings (of cross-sectional data of all factors combined) shows that there is a relation of the Hofstede index and happiness index with the CAF index while there is no linkage of WGI and WVS with the CAF index. The study suggests that charitable organizations should personify their value in order to build trust among the public. Countries should improve their governance because this will lead to equality and by doing this countries will also manage their resources efficiently and effectively.

Emotional expressions with minimal facial muscle actions. Report 2: Recognition of emotions

We tested the hypothesis that an emotion expressed by a still-face person keeping direct gaze can be adequately recognized. The prospective study involved 800 volunteers as judges (age 16–25). All the judges were presented with three 10-picture sets of still faces expressing angry, sad, and happy emotions by vivid gaze only. The first 10-picture set consisted of full faces, the second set consisted of the middle part of the face pictures, and the third set presented the eyes only. Half of the judges (Group 1, n = 400) were asked to label the pictures as Angry, Sad, or Happy. Another 400 judges (Group 2) were asked to label the same pictures as Angry, Sad, Surprised, Frightened, or Happy to validate the selected sets of pictures. Group 1 judges presented correct recognition of the emotion in 72% for full-face pictures, 73% agreement for middle parts, and 68% agreement for the eyes only, while in Group 2 the agreements were 63%, 68%, and 48.5% respectively. After Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, our results show that the gaze was the only emotional cue in all tests and the presented emotions were recognized with relatively equal degree of success. We confirm our initial statement (Report 1) that the expression of an emotion can be adequately achieved with minimal facial muscular involvement when predominantly the gaze expresses emotion. In most of the cases, an “emotional gaze” during a still-face or static face situation is adequately recognized by people but the emotion recognition skill has individual variations.

Detection of Acted Happy Emotion using Facial Patches

Facial Recognition is done to extract emotion of the face. This Paper aims to check that emotion is acted or real expression. For this paper dataset is created for the targeted purpose. The recognition of emotion is acted or not is done by extracting the special patches on faces, which are based on predefined theory where its proven that patches occurs on face for basic six expression. In this work only happy emotion is taken into consideration.

Inhibitory brainstem reflexes under external emotional-stimuli in schizoid and histrionic personality disorders

BackgroundSchizoid personality disorder patients behave inhibitedly and histrionic personality disorder patients openly, which might be due to different cortical and brainstem inhibitory activities. The exteroceptive suppressions of the temporalis muscle activity, especially the second period (ES2), under different external-emotions might be different in the two personality disorders. MethodsWe have invited 18 patients with schizoid, 17 with histrionic personality disorders, and 37 sex- and gender-matched healthy volunteers, to undergo the ES2 test under external emotions of Blank (nil emotion), Disgust, Erotica, Fear, Happiness, and Sadness. Their ongoing affective states of mania, hypomania and depression were also measured. ResultsOne-way ANOVA has detected that schizoid group scored higher on depression than healthy volunteers did, histrionic group scored higher on mania and hypomania than healthy volunteers did. Compared to those in controls, ES2 durations under fear and sadness in schizoid and under erotica in histrionic were longer. ConclusionsOur results indicated that the brainstem inhibitory dysfunction was more pronounced under fear and sadness in schizoid, but more pronounced under erotica in histrionic patients, which might imply different emotional control therapies for the two personality disorders.

Investigating Age-Related Neural Compensation During Emotion Perception Using Electroencephalography.

Previous research suggests declines in emotion perception in older as compared to younger adults, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we address this by investigating how “face-age” and “face emotion intensity” affect both younger and older participants’ behavioural and neural responses using event-related potentials (ERPs). Sixteen young and fifteen older adults viewed and judged the emotion type of facial images with old or young face-age and with high- or low- emotion intensities while EEG was recorded. The ERP results revealed that young and older participants exhibited significant ERP differences in two neural clusters: the left frontal and centromedial regions (100–200 ms stimulus onset) and frontal region (250–900 ms) when perceiving neutral faces. Older participants also exhibited significantly higher ERPs within these two neural clusters during anger and happiness emotion perceptual tasks. However, while this pattern of activity supported neutral emotion processing, it was not sufficient to support the effective processing of facial expressions of anger and happiness as older adults showed reductions in performance when perceiving these emotions. These age-related changes are consistent with theoretical models of age-related changes in neurocognitive abilities and may reflect a general age-related cognitive neural compensation in older adults, rather than a specific emotion-processing neural compensation.

To Be Happy: A Case Study of Entrepreneurial Motivation and Entrepreneurial Process from the Perspective of Positive Psychology

The pursuit of wealth maximization is considered to be the greatest driving force of entrepreneurship. However, this economic rational perspective cannot sufficiently answer why potential or continuous entrepreneurs still choose entrepreneurship or even continuous entrepreneurship in the face of high failure rate and tremendous uncertainty. On the basis of the dynamic process of entrepreneurship and the perspective of positive psychology, this study attempts to interpret the sustained motivation mechanism of entrepreneurs. This study uses multiple cases to investigate the emotion, cognition, and behavior of entrepreneurial process. Through NVivo software and emotion dictionary, more than 27,000 micro blogs (Weibo) of six entrepreneurs were analyzed, and the model of positive emotion in entrepreneurial process was constructed. The findings are as follows. (1) In the process of establishing a business, entrepreneurs can persist in a highly uncertain environment by acquiring positive emotions. That is, the motivation of sustainable entrepreneurship originates from the emotion of happiness and satisfaction that entrepreneurs obtain. (2) Positive emotions affect the formation and expansion of key activities of entrepreneurship through cognition and then persist with entrepreneurship. Specifically, positive emotion promotes the formation of entrepreneurial intention by expanding cognitive structure, intuitive processing, and analytical processing to promote the acquisition of entrepreneurial resources and the expansion of entrepreneurial ability. (3) In the process of entrepreneurship, emotional return is a performance dimension parallel to economic return. This conclusion provides a new perspective towards revealing the entrepreneurial motivation of entrepreneurs in highly ambiguous environments.

Negative valence specific deficits in judgements of musical affective quality in alexithymia

ABSTRACT Alexithymia is characterised by a lack of words for emotional experiences and it has been implicated in deficits in emotion processing. Research in this area has typically focused on judgements of discrete emotions rather than of affect, which is a precursor to emotion construction. In the current study, higher alexithymia was predicted to be related to more neutral judgements of valence and arousal of music representing a range of emotions. Participants (N = 162) listened to ten 15-second musical pieces that represented five target emotions (happy, sad, tender, angry, and fearful) and rated the valence and arousal of each. Participants also listed emotion words they knew to be expressed in music. Analyses revealed that alexithymia was not related to the number of emotion words generated but was related to valence-specific affect judgements of music. Participants higher in alexithymia rated sad, angry, and fearful pieces as more neutral in valence and arousal. Alexithymia was not related to ratings of valence or arousal for happy and tender pieces. These findings suggest that perceptual deficits in alexithymia may be specific to negative emotions. Our results are consistent with the idea that alexithymia is related to the direction of attention away from negative stimuli.