Emotional Intelligence In Women Research Articles

Gender differences in the predictive effect of perceive emotional intelligence on depressive symptomatology in older adults

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze the associations between emotional intelligence, gender, and depressive symptomatology in older adults. To test whether there were differences between groups in the Trait Meta-Mood Scale dimension, univariate and multivariate analysis of variance were carried out, and t tests were performed to find the differences between groups in the variables that had shown differences in the univariate analysis. Participants were 853 Spanish cognitively healthy older adults between 60 and 95 years of age, with a mean age of 71.7 (SD = 7.4), of whom 64.9% were women. Self-reports were administered to assess the different variables under study. Specifically, the Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 was used to assess emotional intelligence, and the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale to measure depressive symptomatology. The three dimensions of emotional intelligence showed differences as a function of gender and depression. Higher scores were found in the three dimensions of emotional intelligence in women. Moreover, people with higher levels of depressive symptomatology had higher scores on attention, and people with low depressive symptomatology had lower levels of clarity and repair. Women with depressive symptomatology showed high levels of attention, in contrast to men and women with low symptomatology. Considering the subjective perception of emotional intelligence, high attention to emotions and the female gender seem to be factors associated with depression in older adults, which allows us to outline a critical profile for depression that should receive special attention. Given the impact of depressive symptomatology in older adults, it is important to identify these profiles in order to detect possible risk factors for depression more effectively.

The Role of Stereotype Threat, Anxiety, and Emotional Intelligence in Women’s Opportunity Evaluation

Masculine stereotypes of entrepreneurship represent a threat to women. We aim to understand how such stereotype threat affects women’s opportunity evaluation through anxiety. We test our idea using a two-randomized-experiment strategy and achieve external validity using a survey of female entrepreneurs. We find that situational anxiety, as an emotional mechanism, explains why stereotype threat negatively influences opportunity evaluation among women. We further unveil emotional intelligence as a boundary condition enabling women to cope with stereotype threat during opportunity evaluation. Our studies provide new insights into an emotive view of stereotype threat in the context of women’s entrepreneurship.

A cross-sectional study on the relationship between meditation training and emotional intelligence in women.

AimWe aimed to reveal the relationship of meditation with emotional intelligence (EI), sleep quality and melatonin level.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsOur current research was performed on middle‐aged women. EI scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and night‐time saliva melatonin were measured for 65 participants including 33 meditators and 32 controls.ResultsThe meditation group showed a significantly higher EI score than the control group. In the regression analysis between EI and age, only the meditation group showed a significant positive correlation. The Pearson correlation analysis among all participants revealed a significant negative correlation between PSQI and EI. There was no significant group difference in the melatonin and PSQI.

Women's emotional intelligence and power structure in family (case study: school teachers of Khoy City)

Present study explores the relationship between emotional intelligence and power structure in family sphere of the female school teachers in the Khoy City. Emotional intelligence is measured by five core skills of self-awareness, self-management, self-motivation, social-awareness and relationship management in the EQ model of Bradberry and Greaves (2005). The required data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire designed based on the existing research literature which after being verified for content validation, construct, and internal consistency was distributed among 291 respondents chosen from among the target population with a total size of 1,200 women teachers within Khoy City. Data analysis using structural equation modelling (path analysis) in LISREL environment indicated a statistically significant inverse association between women's emotional intelligence and power structure in family of the teachers in Khoy City, confirming the research main hypothesis at 95% confidence interval. That is to say, the more collaborative the power structure tend to be, the higher the emotional intelligence of women becomes. In addition, according to the obtained results from test of the sub-hypotheses, the dimensions self-awareness, self-management, and relationship management were significantly associated with power structure in family life of the school teachers.

The Emotional Intelligence and Success of Women Entrepreneurs in the Beauty Salon Industry in Sri Lanka: A study of Colombo District

It was observed that a higher percentage of women lead enterprises in hair and beauty salon industry in Sri Lanka. Though this industry is growing at a remarkable rate within the last few years, very few studies focused on the link of Emotional Intelligent (EI) to the success of women enterprises. The purpose of the study is to understand the level EI and its relationship to the Enterprise success of women in the hair and beauty salon industry. It also evaluates how managerial skill, socio-cultural context, education age and location play on the success of women enterprises in the industry. The deductive method was adopted, and a sample of 100 women entrepreneurs surveyed by using a structured questionnaire. The findings confirm that there is a higher level of EI in women entrepreneurs lead to the success of their business. At the same time, age and business location and socio-cultural context have a significant impact on their achievements. The study suggested using much of self-management, social awareness and relationship management to develop women into next pedestal of entrepreneurship and also it insists government authorities work toward the country’s economic development through focusing in introducing educational programs to improve emotional intelligence in women, during the general education as well as in professional learning.

Is there any difference of emotional intelligence between male and female students?

This study aims to describe the emotional intelligence of students by sex (male and female) and identify whether there are differences in emotional intelligence of male and female students. This study is a quantitative and comparative descriptive study, with a sample of 156 students consisting of 78 male and 78 female students. The instrument used is an Emotional Intelligence Instrument consisting of 40 items .Descriptive analysis using the percentage formula to describe and identify differences in emotional intelligence of male and female students using the t-test. The findings of the study indicate that the emotional intelligence of women is still higher (1.28%) than for men, and there is a significant difference between the emotional intelligence of male and female students. Implication discussed further.

Improving Self-Perceived Emotional Intelligence in Occupational Therapy Students Through Practical Training.

Background: In the field of healthcare, higher skills in emotional intelligence (EI) have been proven to have a positive impact on healthcare professionals in general and occupational therapists in particular and also on teamwork and patient care. The purpose of this research was to determine whether performing practical work included in the undergraduate Occupational Therapy program improves students' self-perceived EI, and whether there are any differences in the latter depending on the area in which this practical training is performed.Methods: It was conducted a multicenter, quasi-experimental, pre-post study with Occupational Therapy undergraduate students in the 2016–2017 academic year. A total of 184 students met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 10 (5.40%) declined to participate; therefore, the participation rate was 94.60% and the initial sample comprised 174 students. Mean age was 21.34 years (SD = 2.54) and 84.50% (n = 147) were women. Students' self-perceived EI was measured with the Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24). This measure was completed in the two weeks prior to the start of the practical training period and one week after the end of it. McNemar-Bowker and McNemar tests were used to analyze the differences in self-perceived EI between these two points in time.Results: After the practical training, an improvement in self-perceived EI was observed in women (Emotional Attention, Emotional Clarity, and Emotional Regulation dimensions). Regarding areas of practical training, results showed an improvement in EI in women who had received practical training in the areas of Physical Rehabilitation, Mental Health and Geriatrics and Gerontology.Conclusions: The findings contribute to a better understanding of the relation between practical training and an improvement in self-perceived EI. This insight can help make changes in the teaching methodology to enhance the emotional skills needed for a better professional performance.

Emotional intelligence in South African women leaders in higher education

Orientation: This study contributes to an in-depth understanding of emotional intelligence (EI) in women leaders in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in South Africa from an inside perspective. Research purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore EI in South African women leaders working in HEIs to identify women leader’s strengths, foci and their possible areas of development. The aim is to get deeper insights in EI in women leaders because EI is associated with effective leadership qualities, creativity and innovation, as well as empathetic communication which is needed in the challenging HEI workplaces. Motivation for the study: Emotional intelligence is an important source for women leaders to increase leadership qualities. This study is motivated by a deep interest to explore aspects of EI in women leaders in this specific professional context. Research design, approach and method: The study uses a qualitative research design and an approach based on Dilthey’s modern hermeneutics of ‘Verstehen’ (understanding). Twenty-three women leaders of the Higher Education Research Service (HERS-SA) network were interviewed through semi-structured interviews. One researcher observed behaviour in one HEI to support the interpretation of the data. Data were analysed through content analysis. Main findings: Findings show that women leaders mainly refer to intrapersonal emotional quotient (EQ), followed by interpersonal EQ, adaptability, stress management and, finally, general mood. The most highly rated components of EQ are self-regard, followed by interpersonal relationships, problem solving, empathy, emotional self-awareness, assertiveness, impulse control and social responsibility. Findings also provide ideas on what EQ components can be further developed. Practical/managerial implications: New insights are provided on what components of EI should be developed in women leaders to increase overall EI, on cognitive and behavioural levels. Contribution/value-add: This research provides new and original context-specific insights on EI in HEIs in South Africa, which can be used as a basis for future research on women leaders while providing a knowledge base for contemporary training of EI in HEIs.

Emotional intelligence in South African women leaders in higher education

Orientation: This study contributes to an in-depth understanding of emotional intelligence (EI) in women leaders in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in South Africa from an inside perspective.Research purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore EI in South African women leaders working in HEIs to identify women leader’s strengths, foci and their possible areas of development. The aim is to get deeper insights in EI in women leaders because EI is associated with effective leadership qualities, creativity and innovation, as well as empathetic communication which is needed in the challenging HEI workplaces.Motivation for the study: Emotional intelligence is an important source for women leaders to increase leadership qualities. This study is motivated by a deep interest to explore aspects of EI in women leaders in this specific professional context.Research design, approach and method: The study uses a qualitative research design and an approach based on Dilthey’s modern hermeneutics of ‘Verstehen’ (understanding). Twenty-three women leaders of the Higher Education Research Service (HERS-SA) network were interviewed through semi-structured interviews. One researcher observed behaviour in one HEI to support the interpretation of the data. Data were analysed through content analysis.Main findings: Findings show that women leaders mainly refer to intrapersonal emotional quotient (EQ), followed by interpersonal EQ, adaptability, stress management and, finally, general mood. The most highly rated components of EQ are self-regard, followed by interpersonal relationships, problem solving, empathy, emotional self-awareness, assertiveness, impulse control and social responsibility. Findings also provide ideas on what EQ components can be further developed.Practical/managerial implications: New insights are provided on what components of EI should be developed in women leaders to increase overall EI, on cognitive and behavioural levels.Contribution/value-add: This research provides new and original context-specific insights on EI in HEIs in South Africa, which can be used as a basis for future research on women leaders while providing a knowledge base for contemporary training of EI in HEIs.

The Dark Triad and Trait Versus Ability Emotional Intelligence

Abstract. A growing body of studies investigates emotional intelligence (EI) in relation to the Dark Triad (DT) personality traits. DT traits seem to be generally associated with lower EI, but findings are still inconsistent, especially with respect to narcissism. The vast majority of studies investigating EI correlates of DT traits relied on self-report measures in terms of trait EI. Currently, there are only sparse reports of relationships between DT traits, trait EI, and performance measures of ability EI. Thus, we investigated the relationships between these constructs in a sample of N = 540 individuals. We performed analyses separately for both sexes as recent research indicates that correlations might differ between women and men. Results showed that in women, reduced trait and ability EI are linked to psychopathy, but not the other DT traits. In men, the pattern of results was more complex: Narcissism was primarily related to lower ability EI, whereas psychopathy was primarily associated with lower trait EI. Machiavellianism was related to higher levels of trait EI in men. These findings suggest that among the DT traits, psychopathy goes along with reduced EI in women, whereas in men narcissism is associated with lower ability EI.

The prediction of personality type based on mental health and emotional intelligence in women with vaginismus

The aim of current study was to investigate the relationship between mental health and emotional intelligence with personality type in women with vaginismus. Research design is descriptive/correlation method. The study population included all women with vaginismus that refer Tehran clinics (about cooperation for research) in 2015 and diagnosed as vaginismus disorder by physician or psychiatrist. A total of 100 women with vaginismus disorder were selected by available sampling. Data collected by Goldberg Mental Health Questionnaire, Bar-on Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. The findings analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics (structural equation modeling). Data analysis showed that the mental health and emotional intelligence could predict extroversion and neuroticism. This research predicted the positive direction for extroversion and the negative direction for neuroticism. The results indicate that there is a positive correlation between mental health and extroversion, emotional intelligence and extroversion as well as mental health and emotional intelligence. Also, there is negative correlation between mental health and neuroticism, emotional intelligence and neuroticism. The results of this research show that there is essential attention to emotional intelligence and personality types of women with vaginismus disorder in the diagnostic, prevention, treatment and promoting of mental health.

Emotional Intelligence of Women Who Experience Domestic Violence.

Violence in family constitutes serious social and psychological problem with harmful consequences leading, among others, to changes in emotional functioning of victim and, secondarily, also perpetrator. The aim of this study was to examine emotional intelligence of women experiencing domestic violence. INTE, i.e. Polish version of “Assessing Emotional Scale” by Schutte, was used to study two groups of women. Study (criterion) group included 40 women aged 23–47 years (mean age 35.28) using assistance of Crisis Intervention Centre due to experienced domestic violence. Reference (control) group was well-matched in terms of socio-demographic characteristics and consisted of 140 women not experiencing domestic violence. Study women experiencing domestic violence have significantly lower scores on all INTE indicators (general score, Factor I and Factor II). Women not experiencing domestic violence achieved significantly higher scores on Factor I than on Factor II. In this group all INTE components (general score, Factor I, Factor II) are positively correlated, whereas in group of women experiencing domestic violence there is no significant correlation between Factor I and Factor II and coefficients are lower. Emotional intelligence of study women experiencing domestic violence is lower than emotional intelligence of women not experiencing domestic violence. Their abilities and skills making up emotional intelligence are also less developed. The internal structure of emotional intelligence of study women experiencing domestic violence differs from emotional intelligence of women not experiencing domestic violence. It seems advisable to consider emotional intelligence in the process of providing women experiencing domestic violence with psychosocial help.

Study on Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Conflict Resolution Style

Objective: To study the role of Emotional Intelligence (EI) of people and corresponding conflict resolution style and to understand if age, gender, occupation etc. have a bearing on these attributes . Methods/Analysis: Both primary and secondary data was collected. Primary data was collected through questionnaire which consisted of 46 items. Questionnaire source are well-established tools. Questionnaire was shared through the online mode only. Respondents, who are employed professional, were picked by random convenience sampling . Sample consisted of 110 respondents. For analysis data of 99 respondents was used because respondents who showed multiple conflict resolution styles were not considered. Analysis tools - SPSS and Excel. Findings: Avoiding style of conflict resolution was observed to be widely adopted by respondents with high emotional intelligence score. Accommodating and avoiding styles were adopted by people with lesser amount of industry experience and people having more than 10 years of experience used competing as a conflict resolution style. The research shows that women have higher emotional intelligence and thus are able to use varied conflict resolution styles. On the other hand men seemed to adopt avoiding as their conflict resolution style. EI of women being higher than men is in consensus with other studies conducted in this area. Emotional intelligence score increases with age but it was observed that after 35 years of age the emotional intelligence score reduces. Few studies conducted in this area state that EI increases with age. Conclusion/Application: Better understanding of EI of teams and how they resolve conflicts can enable effective and refined recruitment/selection, team formations etc. and further lead to individual wellbeing at workplace and higher team performance.