Types Of Emotions Research Articles

유아기 자녀를 양육하는 어머니의 모-자녀 애착 인식에 관한 주관성 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to explore perceptions of mother-child attachment in mothers with preschoolers. This study aims to classify types of perception and investigate their characteristics using the Q methodology.
 Methods To this end, 145 statements were created through literature analysis and in-depth interviews, and 40 statements were selected among them to create Q-sample. A total of 33 Korean mothers raising their firstborn or only child were chosen as the P-sample, and Q-sorting was conducted. Subsequently, the analysis was conducted using the QUANL Program.
 Results The study results were classified into five types. Type 1 was ‘affectionate and intimate positive emotional attachment type’, characterized by expressing love to their children and fostering positive emotions. Type 2 was ‘ambivalent emotional attachment type to the maternal role’, where mothers prioritize their children over themselves due to their maternal role but experience negative emotions. Type 3 was ‘confused and negative insecure attachment type’, displaying negativity towards themselves as parents and their children. Type 4 was ‘autonomous relationship attachment type that respects children's initiative’, acknowledging and supporting their children's proactive exploration of the world. Type 5 was ‘authoritative relationship attachment type’, characterized by a good understanding of their children, enjoying the relationship, and setting clear rules and boundaries.
 Conclusions The results of this study have research value in that they investigate and categorize the subjective thoughts of mothers who are raising preschool-aged children regarding attachment. It is expected to be used as basic data for parenting counseling and educational program development for mothers with preschool children.

Gender-age and clinical-dynamic aspects of the course of depressive disorders in obese patients

Obesity and depression are global health problems. According to WHO estimates, depression is experienced by 3.8% of the population, including 5.0% of adults (4.0% of men and 6.0% of women) and 5.7% of people over the age of 60. About 60.0% of the population of economically developed countries is overweight, 25.0–30.0% are suffering from obesity. Taking into account the great medical and social importance and the insufficient study of the peculiarities of the structure, clinical course, and management of depression in patients with abdominal obesity, the purpose of the study is to analyse and compare the structure, gender-age, and clinical-dynamic features of the course of depressive disorders in obese patients. 140 people were examined. Patients were divided into two clinical groups. The 1st group included 70 women with abdominal obesity and average BMI (34.6±1.42) kg/m2, the 2nd group – 70 men with abdominal obesity and average BMI (34.6±1.42) kg/m2. Examination of patients included: a detailed collection of complaints and anamnesis of patients; a questionnaire to identify depressive disorders according to Beck’s Depression Inventory; clinical and objective examination; measurement of anthropometric and physiological indicators; and laboratory and statistical research. The results of the study established that in young people (25–44 years old), depression was recorded 3.80 times (χ2=24.86, p=0.00001) more often in women than in men, while the number of depressive disorders at the age of 45–59 among men was 2.42 times (χ2=20.94, p=0.00001) more often than among women. The emotional type with an episodic and more severe course of depression prevailed in women, while physical manifestations of depression were characteristic of men. In particular, aggression, which was registered 2.00 times (χ2=4.54, p=0.00001) more often than in women. In order to effectively provide treatment to patients with abdominal obesity and depression, not only the course and type of depressive disorders but also the gender and age characteristics of the patients must be taken into account. Keywords: obesity, depression, gender-age characteristics, body mass index.

Gender Differences in the Function of Music for Emotion Regulation Development in Everyday Life: An Experience Sampling Method Study

The present study employed experience sampling methodology (ESM) to examine the role of music in regulating emotions and the potential differences in music usage for emotion regulation between men and women in everyday life. The study spanned over seven days, including both weekdays and weekends, during which 28 participants (14 men and 14 women) were asked to complete a brief questionnaire 21 times a day. The questionnaire aimed to document instances of music listening in the past three hours, resulting in a total of 588 questionnaires being sent and 264 instances of music listening being analysed. Results indicate that listening to music in daily life may have a positive impact on emotion regulation and suggest possible differences in music usage between men and women for this purpose. The study's primary findings include: (1) Relaxation was the most commonly used strategy for regulating emotions with music; (2) Four primary mechanisms of music usage for emotion regulation, including emotion type, familiarity, and content of music, were found to be essential; (3) Listening to music was an effective emotion regulation strategy, particularly for regulating happiness and peacefulness; (4) Men were more likely to use music for active coping and to consider the type and content of music when selecting music; and (5) Music appeared to regulate the intensity of emotions similarly for both men and women, although men tended to report higher emotional intensity.

Music-Induced Emotion Recognition Based on Feature Reduction Using PCA From EEG Signals

Purpose: Listening to music has a great impact on people's emotions and would change brain activity. In other words, music-induced emotions are trackable in electrical brain activities. Therefore, Electroencephalography can be a suitable tool to detect these induced emotions. The present study attempted to use electroencephalography in to recognize four types of emotions (happy, relaxing, stressful, and sad) induced in response to listening to music excerpts, using three classifiers.
 Materials and Methods: In this empirical study, electroencephalography signals were collected from 20 participants, as they were listening to pieces of selected music. The collected data were then pre-processed, and 28 linear and nonlinear features for recognizing the aforementioned emotions were extracted. Feature-space components were then reduced through a principal components analysis. Finally, the first ten components of feature-space were used as input for three classifiers based on Neural Network (NN), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms to identify the induced emotions.
 Results: The outputs showed that the suggested method was well capable of emotion recognition. Evaluating the music excerpts, on the self-assessment manikin scale, demonstrated that the labeling of the music tracks was accurate. The highest accuracy found among NN, KNN, and SVM algorithms were %84, %84, and %89 for happy emotions, respectively.
 Conclusion: The findings of this study provide useful insights into emotion classification and brain behavior related to induced emotion extraction. Happiness was the most recognizable emotion and the support vector machine had the highest performance among the classifiers. In the end, the outcomes of the proposed method demonstrate that this system is better than the previous research in EEG-based emotion recognition.

THE ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE GENERAL
 EMOTIONAL ORIENTATION TYPE AND VALUE ORIENTATIONS

The article analyses the relationship between the general emotional orientation type according to B. I. Dodonov’s theory and a set of value orientations according to the Rokeach Value Survey. The conducted research refuted the hypothesis that the type of general emotional orientation of a person presupposes a specific set of terminal and instrumental value orientations.

Awe or excitement? The interaction effects of image emotion and scenic spot type on the perception of helpfulness

This paper explores two kinds of image emotion (awe and excitement) of user-provided images on tourism e-retailing platforms. The current research comprises three studies: Study 1 and Study 3, two laboratory experiments, and Study 2, a field study. These three studies examined the interaction effects of image emotion (awe vs. excitement) and scenic spot type (nature-based scenic spot vs. amusement park) on the perception of helpfulness in reviews. The results of Study 1 showed that regarding amusement parks, user-provided images that participants scored high on the excitement led to more perceptions of helpfulness in reviews. The results of Study 2 showed that image emotion and scenic spot type had interaction effects on the perception of helpfulness in reviews. The results of Study 3 indicated that mental imagery played the mediating role.

Emotion contagion and physiological synchrony: The more intimate relationships, the more contagion of positive emotions

The study aimed to explore how interpersonal closeness (friends vs. strangers) and emotion type (positive vs. negative) influenced emotion contagion and physiological synchrony between interacting partners. Twenty-eight friend dyads (n = 56) and 29 stranger dyads (n = 58) participated in an emotion contagion laboratory task. In each dyad, one participant, the ‘sender’, was randomly asked to watch a film clip (neutral, positive, or negative), while their partner, the ‘observer’ passively observed the sender's facial expressions. Participants’ electrocardiograms (ECG) and facial electromyography (EMG) signals were recorded using the BIOPAC system. Results revealed that observing the sender's facial expressions led to the observer's spontaneous mimicry and emotional contagion, accompanied by enhanced physiological synchrony between interacting partners. In the positive emotion condition, the observers reported more positive emotions and displayed stronger zygomaticus major activity in friend dyads than in stranger dyads. Greater physiological synchrony (heart rate and heart rate variability) between interacting partners was also observed in friend dyads than in stranger dyads in the positive emotion condition. These results indicate that positive emotion contagion is more likely to occur between close partners than negative emotion contagion.

A case study of bilingual neurogenic stuttering: Measures of fluency, emotion, and articulation rate

IntroductionThis study explores the features of bilingual neurogenic stuttering and the potential connection between emotion and articulation rate on speech disfluencies. MethodThe participant is a 59-year old, Yiddish-English bilingual male with a moderate non-fluent aphasia. Thirty-two narratives (16 in each language), elicited using cue words, were analyzed for frequency of disfluency, type of disfluency (stuttering vs. non-stuttering-like), word-type (content vs. function), within-word location of disfluency, and occurrence of accessory behaviors. Additionally, the percentage and type of emotion (positive vs. negative) expressed, and articulation rate (fluent syllables spoken/duration of fluent utterances) was assessed. ResultsDisfluency occurred in each language with approximately equal frequency. The most common stuttering-like disfluencies were repetitions (monosyllabic, sound, and syllable) and prolongations. The most common non-stuttering-like disfluencies were self-correction/revisions, phrase and multisyllabic word repetitions, and pauses (silent and filled). In both languages, disfluencies occurred on both content and function words, but primarily content words, and in any position of the word, although primarily initial position. No accessory behaviors were noted. There was a similar amount of emotion words used in each language although the first acquired language, L1/Yiddish, had an overall more positive tone, and his second acquired language, L2/English, had a more negative tone. Additionally, there was a negative relationship between emotion and the number of disfluencies in L1/Yiddish, and a positive relationship in L2/English. A faster articulation rate was found in his native and more proficient language, Yiddish, than English. There was a negative relationship between articulation rate and the number of disfluencies in L1/Yiddish, and a positive relationship in L2/English. ConclusionsCross-linguistics differences for emotion and articulation rate demonstrates that these aspects impact on fluency and contributes to the disfluencies in each language. Clinical implications of the study demonstrates the importance of assessment of bilingual (i.e., proficiency and dominance) and fluency features of each language in the diagnostic process and the significance of considering emotional processes and articulation rate as part of a comprehensive intervention plan for acquired stuttering.

The semantics of colors in Arabic and English poetry: A comparative study of Al-Mutanabbi’s poems and Shakespeare’s sonnets

The study aimed at interpreting the concept of color across cultures with reference to Arabic and English. It investigated the semantic denotation of colors by the type of emotions conveyed in the poems of Al-Mutanabbi and the sonnets of Shakespeare with respect to the symbolic meaning. The study focused on the lines in which color appeared in a symbolic sense. The poetic evidence for color existence in the poems were collected. The study followed the descriptive-analytical approach to investigate and clarify the aspects of the significance of colors and their denotations. The study revealed that studying the semantic denotation of colors could be a confusing subject even within the one culture, as some colors had different associations in different occasions. The two poets sometimes used the same color to convey different meanings, and sometimes more than one color were used in the same poetic line or verse to reflect the inner-self of the poets. Color denotations were determined according to personal or public intuition and culture but there were no clear-cut linguistic universals for the symbolic use of colors. The study recommended that more studies should be conducted on the denotation of colors to reach a semantic universal concept.

Research on the Comparative Development of Modern Popular Music and Traditional Music Culture in Colleges and Universities in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

Abstract In this paper, the forward neural network multi-feature fusion algorithm is used to extract the emotional features of music culture on artificial intelligence technology, considering the diversity and intermittency of the emotional features of the study, which needs to be parameterized. In the forward neural network architecture, the activation value obtained by using the nonlinear activation function is used, and the results obtained are passed to the next layer of data to realize layer-by-layer forward computation, which leads to the back-propagation activation function. The music culture emotion classification model is constructed based on the propagation mode of the forward neural network to determine the emotion recognition process. The research object is selected, the research process is determined, and in order to ensure the true validity of the research, it is necessary to test the reliability and validity of the research design scheme and to develop an empirical analysis of the comparison between popular music and traditional music culture. The results show that on the model, especially in the recognition of sacred, sad, passionate emotion type of music classification accuracy reached more than 88.2%. This paper’s model can improve the classification accuracy of music emotion to a certain extent. In the ontological knowledge analysis of popular music and traditional music culture, all three editions of textbooks show that general knowledge of music is predominant and has a large proportion, appreciation knowledge and extended knowledge are also considerable, and music knowledge is the least and has a small proportion. This study demonstrates the synergistic development of traditional culture and modern popular music, which is of great significance to the development of music education in colleges and universities.

Motivasi, Pengetahuan CPA, Big Five Personality, dan Minat Mahasiswa Berkarier sebagai Akuntan Publik

The purpose of this research is to test empirically student interest in a career as a public accountant in terms of self-motivation, knowledge of Certified Public Accountants, and big five personality which include extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience. The research was conducted on 2019 and 2020 students of the Accounting Undergraduate Study Program of the Faculty of Economics and Business, Udayana University. Data was collected through the survey method by distributing questionnaires. Samples were taken using simple random sampling method obtained by 250 respondents. The analysis technique used is Partial Least Square (PLS). The results showed that self-motivation, knowledge of Certified Public Accountants, conscientiousness personality type, emotional stability personality type, and openness to experience personality type had a positive effect on student interest in a career as a public accountant, while extraversion personality type and agreeableness personality type had no effect on student interest in a career as a public accountant.
 Kelywords: Sellf Motivation; Knowleldgel of CPAs; Big Fivel Pelrsonality; Intelrelst; Public Accountant

The application of immersive multimedia information technology in the teaching of vocal music

Abstract In this paper, immersive multimedia information technology is utilized to perform frame-splitting and window-adding operations on vocal signals in college vocal music teaching to facilitate the extraction of vocal signal features. According to the Principal Component Analysis feature space projection and Relief feature selection, the vocal emotion regression model combining multimedia information technology is constructed, and the structure of the vocal emotion regression model and its teaching application are explored in the vocal emotion regression model. Determine the research object and method, according to the research program on the integration of multimedia information technology of vocal music teaching research design and implementation, and the use of statistical analysis of multimedia information technology-based vocal music teaching empirical analysis. The results show that the subjects had the best emotional experience with an emotional immersion degree of 5.651 when the music of the calm category and the visual music motion picture of the calm category constituted the visual music and the vocal music immersion based on the vocal music emotional regression model of “combining multimedia information technology” was significantly enhanced when the emotional type of the music and the emotional type of the dynamic picture of the visual music was the same. This study carries out college vocal music teaching based on students’ emotional characteristics, which is of great significance to improve the quality of college vocal music teaching and students’ musical literacy.

‘Am I Sincere about My Feelings?’: Changes in Multilinguals’ Self-perceptions when Discussing Emotional Topics in Different Languages

Abstract The first language (L1) is generally considered by multilinguals as the one in which they feel more ‘themselves’ in emotional circumstances. Affective socialization in a foreign language (LX) can help speakers develop a similar level of authenticity when using that language. This study is conducted on a sample of 468 migrants living in Anglophone countries who are L1 speakers of Italian and LX speakers of English, the language of the host society. The objective is to verify if the frequency of use for expressing emotions and the perceived emotional resonance of both languages can predict changes in migrants’ self-perceptions when discussing emotional topics in the LX. Survey data revealed that the emotional resonance of the L1 was the only factor increasing participants’ sense of feeling different when using the LX in emotional conversations. Narratives from 5 interviews and 303 answers to an open-ended survey question suggested that these self- perceptions varied extensively according to the intensity and type of emotion expressed.

서사문의 추론 단서 유무에 따른 인물 감정 추론의 차이

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the differences in personal emotion inference based on the presence of inference cues, confirming the possibility and validity of textbook revisions to enhance reading comprehension.
 Methods: A test consisting of passages without inference cues (Type X) was administered to 497 high school students, while a test consisting of passages with inference cues (Type O) was administered to 477 high school students to assess personal emotion inference. Based on the response data, differencesin personal emotion inference were examined by test type, gender, proficiency level, and emotion type.
 Results: Firstly, students who read passages with inference cues demonstrated more accurate personal emotion inference compared to those who read passages without inference cues. Secondly, the average differences between passages with and without inference cues were confirmed across gender andproficiency levels. Thirdly, inference cues were more effective in facilitating negative emotion inference compared to positive emotions.
 Conclusion: The addition of inference cues to narrative texts should be considered as an innovative approach for textbook revisions aimed at enhancing reading comprehension.

Towards a comprehensive pragmatic model of subjectivity: Empirical evidence from French

This paper delves into the phenomenon of subjectivity, with a particular focus on one of its components – perspective taking. It explores two linguistic cues categories: verb tenses in their perspectival usages and Free Indirect Discourse (FID). In this paper, we experimentally test how readers process sentences in which the French Passé Simple is employed in a perspectival manner within two types of subjective contexts: those with FID and those without FID markers. In addition, we consider whether the processing is influenced by the type of emotion expressed in these subjective contexts, whether it is positive or negative. We find a facilitation effect exclusively in FID contexts and only when the emotion expressed is positive. This could suggest that it is not the verb tense itself which is a cue for speaker’s subjectivity, but rather its occurrence in contexts such as FID. To interpret the results, we build on an array of empirical results found on connectives, verb tenses, and FID to put forward a comprehensive pragmatic model of subjectivity.

Contribution of cosmetic ingredients and skin care textures to emotions.

Emotions play an important role in consumers' perception of a sensory experience. The objective of this work was to investigate the ability of basic skin care formulas (i.e. without interference of odour, colour and packaging) and pillar ingredients (i.e. emollients and rheology modifiers) to elicit emotions. Another objective was to track, as claimed by neurocosmetics, the possible effect of formulas to trigger emotions from their direct biochemical effects on the skin. Standard methodologies were mobilized, combining subjective and behavioural parameters (i.e. verbatim, prosody and gesture). Sense and Story methodology based on a collection of metaphoric verbatim was conducted after an induction phase. In addition, an experimental electrophysiological real-time visualization method was tried as a first experience in cosmetics. Finally, the ability of formulations with emotional benefits to modulate the release of neuropeptides by sensory neurons was evaluated on a 3D human model (epidermis co-cultured with sensory neurons). Skin care formulas were shown to play a role in emotional potential and the types of emotion generated, while changing one ingredient mostly acted on the intensity of the emotions. Verbatim provided contrasted answers depending on the protocol, highlighting the interest of non-verbal approaches to detect subtle effects. The invitro model substantiated physiological effects of skin care formulas with emotional potential on human skin sensory neuron activity. Emotions were impacted by the change in ingredients and were better captured through non-verbal methods.

Pathos Configuration in the War Crisis Context

The paper deals, in broad terms, with the discursive functioning of emotions; it proposes a case study: the analysis of the pathemic configuration of the speech delivered by president Zelensky in the joint meeting of the US Congress, on March 16th 2022, within a war crisis context, intrinsically affectively marked. The analysis is set within a rhetorical-argumentative framework, considering the discursive appeal to emotions as a form of “subjective rationality” (Charaudeau 2000), and it aims to highlight the strategic, emotive structuring of the discourse, by means of various intertwining mechanisms of emotional elicitation, with constant reference to the audience’s endoxical profile. As pointed out by the analysis, certain types of (implicit) emotions (sharing a highly active-motivational dimension) are particularly appealed to: basic intensive emotions, such as anger or fear and, especially, sociomoral (both euphoric and dysphoric) emotions, such as pity/compassion, (national) pride, gratitude, admiration, or shame/guilt. Their presence in the speech demarcates a discursive scenario, which supports its main persuasive goal: to obtain the audience’s adhesion to the speaker’s viewpoint, as well as to mobilize a future concrete extra-discursive (re)action.

Identifying sex differences in EEG-based emotion recognition using graph convolutional network with attention mechanism

Objective. Sex differences in emotions have been widely perceived via self-reports, peripheral physiological signals and brain imaging techniques. However, how sex differences are reflected in the electroencephalography (EEG) neural patterns of emotions remains unresolved. In this paper, we detect sex differences in emotional EEG patterns, investigate the consistency of such differences in various emotion datasets across cultures, and study how sex as a factor affects the performance of EEG-based emotion recognition models. Approach. We thoroughly assess sex differences in emotional EEG patterns on five public datasets, including SEED, SEED-IV, SEED-V, DEAP and DREAMER, systematically examine the sex-specific EEG patterns for happy, sad, fearful, disgusted and neutral emotions, and implement deep learning models for sex-specific emotion recognition. Main results. (1) Sex differences exist in various emotion types and both Western and Eastern cultures; (2) The emotion patterns of females are more stable than those of males, and the patterns of happiness from females are in sharp contrast with the patterns of sadness, fear and disgust, while the energy levels are more balanced for males; (3) The key features for emotion recognition are mainly located at the frontal and temporal sites for females and distributed more evenly over the whole brain for males, and (4) the same-sex emotion recognition models outperform the corresponding cross-sex models. Significance. These findings extend efforts to characterize sex differences in emotional brain activation, provide new physiological evidence for sex-specific emotion processing, and reinforce the message that sex differences should be carefully considered in affective research and precision medicine.

An empirical study on learners' learning emotion and learning effect in offline learning environment.

The application of non-cognitive factors represented by facial emotion in educational evaluation has attracted much attention in recent years. There are many existing studies on facial emotion assisted education evaluation, but most of them are based on virtual learning environments, which means that the research on facial emotion and learning effect in offline learning environments is sparse. In order to solve this problem, this study designed an emotion observation experiment based on the offline learning environment, obtained the type of learner facial emotion and learning effect of 127 college students, and further explored the relationship between the two. The results show that: 1) We obtained eight types of learner emotion through the combined description method: joy, relaxation, surprise, meekness, contempt, disgust, sadness, anxiety and their respective PAD emotional mean. 2) We obtained the correlation results of the six emotions of joy, relaxation, surprise, meekness, contempt, and anxiety with the learning effect and the predicted value of the learning effect. 3) We then constructed an explanatory model of learner emotion and learning effect based on the offline learning environment.

Genomic Signatures of Positive Selection in Human Populations of the OXT, OXTR, AVP, AVPR1A and AVR1B Gene Variants Related to the Regulation of Psychoemotional Response.

The neurobiological systems of maintenance and control of behavioral responses result from natural selection. We have analyzed the selection signatures for single nucleotide variants (SNV) of the genes of oxytocin (OXT, OXTR) and vasopressin (AVP, AVPR1A, AVPR1B) systems, which are associated with the regulation of social and emotional behavior in distinct populations. The analysis was performed using original WGS (whole genome sequencing) data on Eastern Slavs (SlEast), as well as publicly available data from the 1000 Genomes Project on GBR, FIN, IBR, PUR, BEB, CHB, and ACB populations (the latter were taken as reference). To identify selection signatures, we rated the integrated haplotype scores (iHS), the numbers of segregating sites by length (nSl), and the integrated haplotype homozygosity pooled (iHH12) measures; the fixation index Fst was implemented to assess genetic differentiation between populations. We revealed that the strongest genetic differentiation of populations was found with respect to the AVPR1B gene, with the greatest differentiation observed in GRB (Fst = 0.316) and CHB (Fst = 0.325) in comparison to ACB. Also, high Fst values were found for SNVs of the AVPR1B gene rs28499431, rs33940624, rs28477649, rs3883899, and rs28452187 in most of the populations. Selection signatures have also been identified in the AVP, AVPR1A, OXT, and OXTR genes. Our analysis shows that the OXT, OXTR, AVP, AVPR1A, and AVPR1B genes were subject to positive selection in a population-specific process, which was likely contributing to the diversity of adaptive emotional response types and social function realizations.