Emotional Meaning Research Articles

The Diné Reader: An Anthology of Navajo Literature ed. by Esther G. Belin et. al. (review)

Reviewed by: The Diné Reader: An Anthology of Navajo Literature ed. by Esther G. Belin et. al. Vernon Ng (bio) The Diné Reader: An Anthology of Navajo Literature edited by Esther G. Belin, Jeff Berglund, Connie A. Jacobs, and Anthony K. Webster University of Arizona Press, 2021 "CAN YOU NAME ANY PROMINENT Navajo environmental activists?" I once asked LaFrenda Frank, the late Diné educator and editor. I posed my question in an intentionally shameless way, but the weight of her answer still managed to embarrass me: "All Diné women elders are environmental activists." Traditional Diné epistemology is synonymous with what one calls "environmental activism," Frank suggested, and if a Diné person practiced their traditional language (Diné Bizaad), reared their children within the Four Sacred Mountains (Dinétah), and lived daily in consideration of all their relations (K'e)—human, natural, spiritual—then by definition they would live in harmony with the natural world. These principles are at once particular to the Diné and universal. Certainly, we would all do well to live conscious of language, to be connected to the land we inhabit, and to consider how our personal actions impact who/what surrounds us. For the Diné, these values and practices are codified and distilled in the phrase Sa'ah Naaghai Bik'eh Hozhoo, commonly translated as "walking in beauty" and sung in a spiritual context as an intention for the speaker and audience to live in a harmonious way. The reader should be aware of these basic Diné tenets before opening The Diné Reader; otherwise, they risk being overwhelmed by this landmark collection. The writers in this volume—living, published Diné writers—all write about or in response to traditional Diné lifeways and philosophy. What is "traditional" is always under debate, but whether they were born on the reservation or relocated to urban centers, fluent in Navajo or currently learning it, all writers gathered here consciously probe their connection to Diné identity and examine what I call Diné-itude, to adapt Aimé Césaire's formulation. Seen together, these writers constitute a vital, essential strain of American literature and present a viable decolonial canon that is historically conscious and restorative. The volume is arranged chronologically, capturing the historical sweep of Diné publishing history, beginning with Blackhorse Mitchell's fascinating Miracle Hill. Miracle Hill's initial publication in 1967 and its subsequent [End Page 202] recovery is itself an interesting study of how the early paternalistic attitudes white editors bore toward Native writers and languaging practices have given way to more balanced efforts to frame and give space to the writers. In this volume, the writers are introduced by thorough biographies and, significantly, many are accompanied by brief interviews. While perhaps unintended, the anthology's arrangement leads to surprising pairings. Irvin Morris next to Esther Belin is a revelation: they share the same concerns—language, identity, home—but their affective and perspective differences are enough to place them on separate poles. Morris records his deep personal memories along the Chuska Mountains, using Navajo words and phrases to spur and organize his reflections. The selections—judiciously excerpted from his book From the Glittering World—adopt a deceptively plain language that is void of emotional markers. In stark relief, Belin's representations of Native life in an urban setting reveal a formal and verbal restlessness: she uses schematic representations in poems and titles like, "I keep my language in my back pocket like a special handkerchief that I only display when I want to show my manners in a respectful way" (174). The young poets in this volume are especially fine: Orlando White, Tacey Atsitty, and Jake Skeets are among the best American poets writing today. Atsitty's poem "Ach'íí'" is one of the great contemporary American poems. The work ranges from personal loss and trauma to the shared histories of boarding schools and the Vietnam War. The title refers to a local delicacy made of prepared sheep intestines; when I lived on the reservation it was always offered to me in partial jest, but it was evident that the food bore a deep emotional meaning for many Navajo friends and acquaintances. For the reader wanting additional guidance, Michael Thompson (Mvskoke...

Script and Language as Semiotic Media in Japanese Storytelling: A Theoretical Approach through Haruki Murakami’s Noruwei no mori

In contrast to the writing practices of many modern languages, Japanese routinely employs four denotative systems that operate in conjunction, but which are actively recognized as distinct from one another: kanji, hiragana, katakana, and the Roman alphabet. Simultaneously, English, as well as English-derived language usages have been noted for their significant intralinguistic roles in Japanese, going far beyond straightforward loan borrowing functionality. Convention informs the implementations of both script choice and language, and yet neither subjective phenomenon is perfectly uniform. Approaching these issues from a perspective of semiotic theory, this article identifies the flexibility and creative syncretism that is made available by virtue of written Japanese’s systemic open-endedness in terms of script and linguistic multiplicity. It assesses the emblematic functionality that is achievable through deliberate variation or shift in these semiotic media of print, and it demonstrates how auxiliary associative, ideological, and emotive meanings are ascribed to specific language instances. Finally, as an applied literary analysis, it evaluates Haruki Murakami’s 1987 novel 『ノルウェイの森』 (Noruwei no mori; Norwegian Wood) in order to clarify prominent semiotic possibilities and to emphasize the easily taken for granted creative aesthetic potential of Japanese’s media-based multiplicity.

Visiting virtuosos’ expressivity across cultures: Acoustic analysis of a sanjo virtuoso’s performance

Studies on music performance have received greater attention in the last several decades since the establishment of musical performance studies, and emotional expressivity has taken an important place in the study of emotional communication. The methodological or thematic integration of these domains in the study of music performance may expand the rationale for studying performance. The purpose of this study was to explore a virtuoso’s expressivity in terms of sanjo-specific features, including jangdan, indicating a rhythmic pattern, and jo, a structural feature that conveys emotional meanings. We investigated tempo and dynamics in the melodies within the unit of a jangdan across jo and those acoustic cues related to the jo transition. The findings suggest that the virtuoso, Kim Juk-pa, differentiated tempo and dynamics in the conveyance of structural features of jo. Tempo and dynamics were indicative of a jo shift, acting as a clue for her individuality. This provides current performers with critical sources for understanding the virtuoso’s expressivity corresponding with jo’s changes. The sanjo virtuoso’s individuality could be further elaborated via multi-dimensional analysis of historically informed recordings; this approach to music performance would lead to improved learning, transmission, and creation of new forms of music across cultures.

Validation of Affective Sentences: Extending Beyond Basic Emotion Categories

We use nonverbal and verbal emotion cues to determine how others are feeling. Most studies in vocal emotion perception do not consider the influence of verbal content, using sentences with nonsense words or words that carry no emotional meaning. These online studies aimed to validate 95 sentences with verbal content intended to convey 10 emotions. Participants were asked to select the emotion that best described the emotional meaning of the sentence. Study 1 included 436 participants and Study 2 included 193. The Simpson diversity index was applied as a measure of dispersion of responses. Across the two studies, 38 sentences were labelled as representing 10 emotion categories with a low degree of diversity in participant responses. Expanding current databases beyond basic emotion categories is important for researchers exploring the interaction between tone of voice and verbal content, and/or people’s capacity to make subtle distinctions between their own and others’ emotions.

Emotional violation of faces, emojis, and words: Evidence from N400

Human social interactions depend on the construction of emotional meaning. The present study used event-related potentials to investigate the neural features of emotional violation processing in facial expressions, emojis, and emotion words. Behavioral results showed emotion congruency effects among facial expressions, emojis, and emotion words. Emotional violations resulted in a longer response time than emotion congruent conditions in happy context conditions. Responses to angry faces were slower in angry sentences than in happy sentences. As expected, the classic N400 effect was obtained for the emotional violations among facial expressions, emojis, and emotion words. Emotional violations resulted in more negative-going N400 amplitudes. Moreover, the N400 effects elicited by facial expressions and emojis were significantly smaller than emotion words, and there were no significant differences in N400 effects between facial expressions and emojis. The findings suggest that the emotional violation processing of facial expressions, emojis, and emotion words could be reflected in an electrophysiological index of semantic processing, and that emotional violation elicited higher levels of semantic retrieval. In addition, there were differences between nonverbal and verbal information processing in emotional violation, while the emotional violation of words induced greater semantic retrieval demands than facial expressions and emojis.

ЕКСПРЕСИВНІ ЗАСОБИ В АНГЛОМОВНІЙ ХУДОЖНІЙ ЛІТЕРАТУРІ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЇХ ПЕРЕКЛАДУ (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ ПЕРЕКЛАДУ ОПОВІДАННЯ Е. А. ПО «ЗОЛОТИЙ ЖУК» УКРАЇНСЬКОЮ МОВОЮ)

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of expressive means of translation of literary texts into the Ukrainian language. The research material was the short story “The Gold-Bug” by Edgar Allan Poe and its translation into Ukrainian. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the creation of modern versions of translation of literary works, and therefore new emotional means. The aim of the research is to analyze the peculiarities of rendering English expressive means in literary translation. It is proved that the means of expressiveness include expressive and emotional vocabulary, figurativeness, modality, literary tropes, etc. The method of translation analysis determined that a metaphor is mostly often translated by a syntactic transformation of substitution, an epithet is translated by the selection of a dictionary equivalent, a comparison is mostly rendered by a syntactic simile or addition, a hyperbole is rendered by a lexical transformation of concretization, and rhetorical questions and exclamatory sentences are often rendered in the translated text by means of permutation syntactic transformation.

Theoretical approaches in the study of emotional literacy of primary students

The article contains theoretical interpretations on the evolution of the concept of emotional literacy, contributing to the formation of a general vision of the historical course of the term by which we understand a system of actions aimed at decoding the meaning of emotions and learning to effectively manage and channel emotional energy.

Semantic Analysis and Interpretation of Meanings in Word Quotations in KIS Candy Packaging

A word's meaning can be determined if it has been used in a speech or sentence. The meaning of a word becomes important when it can be linked to someone's memory or something else. This study aims to explore and interpret the linguistic meanings contained in the KIS candy packaging. This study uses a type of qualitative research that describes data using a series of sentences. The object of this research is the quotation of words found on KIS candy packaging. Data collection uses the technique of observing and noting. In addition, the research instrument is the researcher himself as the key instrument. After obtaining research data that is appropriate to the research topic, it will be analyzed using the referential equivalent technique included in the introduction to semantics. The results of the analysis that has been carried out on the research data in the form of words contained in the KIS candy packaging, the researcher obtains sixteen words that will be used as material for analysis in this study. From the sixteen words that have been collected, eight words have pictorial meaning, three words have referential meaning, two words have emotive meaning, two words have a central meaning, and one connotative meaning. The results of this study can provide an overview and knowledge about the shifts and transformations in vocabulary in Indonesian according to the context of the times.

Qualitative exploration of the lived experience of adults diagnosed with primary mitochondrial disease.

Primary mitochondrial disease (PMD) encompasses a heterogeneous group of energy deficiency disorders that are typically progressive, with affected individuals experiencing an average of 16 multisystem symptoms. Clinical trials are emerging, but current treatment options remain limited. In PMD, the effect of specific disease factors and their relationship to meaning‐based coping has not been studied. Given the connection between prognostic uncertainty and psychological distress in other patient populations, we explored the lived experience of adults with PMD. Adults with PMD caused by pathogenic variant(s) in nuclear or mitochondrial genes impairing mitochondrial function were interviewed. Interview questions addressed the lived experience with PMD, diagnostic journey, practical learnings at the time of diagnosis, suggestions for supportive information to provide at diagnosis, diagnosis impact on daily living and self‐care, and sources of support and hope. Focus group transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Four themes (diagnostic challenges, adaptations to daily living, social implications, and meaning‐based coping) and several subthemes (the importance of being hopeful and benefit finding) emerged. Most participants reported strong family support (9/14) and identified a benefit (9/14) derived from their PMD diagnosis, while (5/14) did not identify any benefits. Benefit finding, reframing, and maintaining a positive attitude emerged as common coping in adults living with PMD. Understanding how adults with PMD cope is essential to provide anticipatory guidance and ongoing support for those struggling with their disease diagnosis, progression, and broader life impact. Our findings suggest that adult PMD patients prefer healthcare providers to inquire about their emotional well‐being and meaning based coping with PMD.

ON THE EXPRESSION AND GUIDANCE OF NETWORK EMOTION IN EMERGENCIES FROM THE CHANGE OF EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR -- TAKING THE RAINSTORM IN ZHENGZHOU ON JULY 20 AS AN EXAMPLE

BackgroundWith the development of the Internet and the wide popularization of social media, the Internet has become an important channel for netizens to express their views and emotions. Due to the huge impact, emergencies often attract the high attention and extensive emotional response of Internet users. As the most active factor in network public opinion, network emotion affects the development of network public opinion. Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the research on the change law and guidance of network emotional expression under emergencies.Subjects and MethodsTaking the 7.20 rainstorm in Zhengzhou as an example, this study randomly selects some microblog comment data in the event as samples, uses the text emotion analysis method to analyze and study the microblog comment data samples, and discusses the generation and development rules and guidance strategies of network emotion expression, so as to provide reference for the in-depth study of the law of network emotion and the governance of network public opinion under emergencies.ResultsThe study found that in this emergency, the expression of network emotion mainly focused on positive emotions such as care, safety and encouragement, and negative emotions accounted for about 1 / 3, mainly referring to the emergency response of relevant departments and urban drainage. Negative emotions should be guided in time; The dedication of rescue workers and the spirit of mutual assistance of all parties in case of difficulties have stimulated the positive emotions of netizens; In terms of emotional guidance of Internet users, the government and media departments respond to the concerns of Internet users in a timely and accurate manner, which is helpful to dredge the Internet emotion; Effective information supply and topic focus transfer help to promote the rationalization of network emotion.Through the research, it is found that with the continuous development of the Internet, public emotional behavior will have an important impact on microblog public opinion. There are two directions: one is the top-down impact, the other is the bottom-up impact; It is mainly manifested in two typical ways: social mobilization and emotional social struggle in microblog public opinion. The main expressions of their emotional behavior are: weakness, anger, sadness and anger, etc. On the basis of combing the collective behavior and emotional struggle, the research finds that the communication framework of emotional behavior mainly includes the communication paths of discourse co meaning, identity co meaning and emotional co meaning; Functional analysis includes target function, attribution function and ideographic function. From the tendency of public sentiment, microblog public opinion shows criticism, populism, nationalism, pragmatism, patriotism and justice. The social expression of public sentiment in microblog public opinion includes the spiral phenomenon of silence, butterfly effect, herd effect, resentment and so on. From the perspective of psychology, the public emotions in microblog public opinion are expressed as fear, anxiety, anger and sadness, while in terms of expression, the public express their feelings through direct expression, folk language and other ways.ConclusionThrough the research, we found that the development and change of network emotion under emergencies has periodic characteristics. Government management departments should establish the prediction and disposal mechanism of network emotion according to the phased characteristics of network emotion, and scientifically deal with the development and change of network emotion. Network emotion is the realistic mapping and presentation of the development of emergencies. When disasters are effectively controlled, negative emotions will also be suppressed. Give full play to the social responsibility and guiding role of news media in network emotion guidance, provide real event information to Internet users in time and accurately, and dredge network emotion. In the guidance of network emotion, we should give full play to the hedging role of positive emotion and the communication role of positive emotion. Due to the limitations of the author's research technology and ability, the evolution of network emotion and the relationship between rainstorm disaster and people's emotional response need to be further studied.

RESEARCH ON THE EXPRESSION OF PUBLIC EMOTION AND BEHAVIOR IN MICROBLOG PUBLIC OPINION

Abstract Background Compared with the public opinion in the era of traditional media, microblog public opinion shows different characteristics, among which the strong expression of public emotion and behavior is important and has practical impact. The important factor that microblog public opinion has a significant influence is that microblog directly reflects the public mood. Unlike traditional mass media, microblog is a direct point-to-point communication, and the influence comes from the nested microblog relationship. This exponential communication influence enables the public mood to spread to every corner of the world in a short time. In an article entitled “Public opinion formed by anger”, the author quoted the research results of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics as saying that anger spreads faster on microblog than any emotion. The article also points out that microblogging has become the most convenient channel for Chinese people to participate in social discussion and express concern. The anger expressed in social contacts has promoted the dissemination of relevant news and accelerated the formation of public opinions and collective action. In fact, in many social fields in china, the trend of emotion in microblog has become an important aspect of public opinion prediction, even in crime prevention and economic development. Unfortunately, while people are keen to feel and use the emotional factors in microblog, they have not made a rational exploration of it. Based on the above background, this study intends to start from four aspects: First, why there are obvious emotional characteristics in microblog public opinion compared with traditional mass media; second, what kind of emotions exist in microblog public opinion and what is the relationship with the current social reality; third, how to express the emotions in microblog public opinion and how to present them; fourth, what are the social effects of emotional behavior in microblog public opinion and how to deal with the negative social effects. Subjects and Methods This paper takes psychological research as the main orientation, and pays attention to the public emotional factors in microblog public opinion. The main research methods are as follows: 1 literature method, through the collection and analysis of public opinion research, microblog research and public sentiment research, this paper selects the content related to this research and analyzes, arranges, synthesizes and uses it. Based on the above research, this paper puts forward a new dimension of public opinion research, and tries to innovate in research content, research perspective and research methods. 2. Case analysis method: On the basis of combing the context of the event, conduct text analysis and data statistics, register microblog through real name and interact with other users, and observe and collect relevant materials in the process of interaction. Questionnaire survey method in order to catch a glimpse of the leopard. 3. Questionnaire survey, using scl-90 questionnaire, 208 microblog creators were selected to investigate and analyze the emotional and behavioral factors. Ten factors include somatization, anxiety, compulsion and so on. Results The research found that with the continuous development of the internet, public emotional behavior will have an important impact on microblog public opinion. There are two directions: One is the top-down impact, the other is the bottom-up impact; it is mainly manifested in two typical ways: Social mobilization and emotional social struggle in microblog public opinion. The main expressions of their emotional behavior are: Weakness, anger, sadness and anger, etc. On the basis of combing the collective behavior and emotional struggle, the research finds that the communication framework of emotional behavior mainly includes the communication paths of discourse co meaning, identity co meaning and emotional co meaning; functional analysis includes target function, attribution function and ideographic function. From the tendency of public sentiment, microblog public opinion shows criticism, populism, nationalism, pragmatism, patriotism and justice. The social expression of public sentiment in microblog public opinion includes the spiral phenomenon of silence, butterfly effect, herd effect, resentment and so on. From the perspective of psychology, the public emotions in microblog public opinion are expressed as fear, anxiety, anger and sadness, while in terms of expression, the public express their feelings through direct expression, folk language and other ways. Conclusion The social effects of negative emotions in microblog public opinion have their own paths and standards of research and judgment, and we need to deal with the social effects of negative emotions. In the process of response, we should follow the principles of first time, multi opinion space construction, affinity and self-centered, strengthen the construction of service-oriented government, establish a three-dimensional communication pattern, and establish monitoring, early warning and feedback mechanisms. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 71704085, 71874088] and Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province [Grant number KYCX21_0832].

STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF NETWORK FACTORS ON THE LOYALTY AND EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR OF CHINESE PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL CLUB FANS

BackgroundChina Professional Football League has been in operation for nearly 30 years and has attracted more and more attention from the public and society. China Professional Football League has promoted the professional and commercial development of Chinese football and attracted a large number of fans. At present, Chinese professional football clubs are struggling, but they still get the support of many fans. The development of any club is inseparable from the support of loyal fans, who are the basis of the development of the club. Only with many loyal fans can the club have long-term and strong vitality. Only by making outstanding achievements, excavating the economic benefits of the club, establishing and maintaining the club culture and cultivating a large number of loyal fans, can the club bring profound heritage and solid economic benefits to the club. Football club has a large number of loyal fans, which is the cornerstone of the sustainable and vigorous development of professional football league. However, due to many factors, the loyalty of fans has decreased, which is related to the evaluation of pursuit by the Internet.Subjects and MethodsBased on this, this paper studies the loyalty of Chinese football fans, takes the fans of China Henan sslm football club as the research object, and analyzes the current situation of China Henan sslm football club and its fans. Through the research, it is found that with the continuous development of the Internet, public emotional behavior will have an important impact on football public opinion. There are two directions: one is the top-down impact, the other is the bottom-up impact; It is mainly manifested in two typical ways: social mobilization and emotional social struggle in football public opinion. The main expressions of their emotional behavior are: weakness, anger, sadness and anger, etc. On the basis of combing the collective behavior and emotional struggle, the research finds that the communication framework of emotional behavior mainly includes the communication paths of discourse co meaning, identity co meaning and emotional co meaning; Functional analysis includes target function, attribution function and ideographic function. From the tendency of public sentiment, football public opinion shows criticism, populism, nationalism, pragmatism, patriotism and justice. The social expression of public sentiment in microblog public opinion includes the spiral phenomenon of silence, butterfly effect, herd effect, resentment and so on. From the perspective of psychology, the public emotions in football public opinion are fear, anxiety, anger and sadness, while in terms of expression, the public express their feelings through direct expression and folk language.ResultsUsing the methods of literature review, questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics, this paper analyzes the dimension of fan loyalty and constructs the fan loyalty model of sslm football club in Henan Province.ConclusionAccording to the research, fan participation is divided into three dimensions: pleasure participation, symbolic participation and central participation; Product attributes related to the club, such as team performance, star players, head coach and team management, are positively correlated with club fan loyalty; Logo design, stadium, game quality and team tradition are also positively correlated with club fan loyalty; There is a significant positive correlation between fans' attitude loyalty and fans' behavior loyalty. The author believes that club brand communication is an important factor for fans to participate in the development of football clubs. It is necessary for football clubs to strengthen the publicity of fans, let more fans know the real situation of the club, increase the exposure of football clubs and improve the satisfaction of fans. Secondly, the importance of the performance of the club team in the correlation of product related attributes is self-evident. The club needs to constantly improve the performance of the team in the game and win more attention from the outside world. Therefore, the club must actively train star players, select excellent coaches and lead the team to achieve better results. The club needs to strengthen the development of Lenovo products again, which have attributes unrelated to products. The design of club logo, the construction and maintenance of competition venues, the quality of competition and the tradition of the team are the basis of influencing the loyalty of fans. The club needs to continuously strengthen the product research and development of Lenovo's non product related attributes. Work can not only bring economic benefits to the club, but also shape the club's fan culture and further improve the club's fan loyalty. Finally, the club needs to provide a space for fans to communicate: there is a positive correlation between fans' escape, recognition, acceptance, nostalgia, regional glory and fans' loyalty. Let fans find suitable community organizations, form common interests and help improve the loyalty of club fans.AcknowledgementsThis research was supported by the general project of philosophy and Social Sciences Planning of Zhejiang Province (20NDJC184YB), and the Fundamental Research Funds for Zhejiang Provincial Universities and Research Institutes (2021R005).

When the Trees Resound: Collaborative Media Research on an Italian Festival

When the Trees Resound: Collaborative Media Research on an Italian Festival

Цветовая триада «черный - белый - красный» в адыгской картине мира и ее функционирование в художественном дискурсе

The aim of the study is to identify specific linguistic means related to colouronyms in the Kabardino-Circassian language representing evaluative and emotional personal meanings that have a certain influencing potential. The scientific novelty of the work is that for the first time the role and place of the colouronyms of the colour triad “black - white - red” in the development of images in the Adyghe artistic discourse, in the ascertainment of the linguo-colour segment, the cultural perception of colour, the significance of colour lexemes and colour designations in the Adyghe writers and poets’ creative work are determined. The obtained results have shown the relationship between colouronyms and the system for developing national and author’s individual artistic images.

CORRELATION OF BURNOUT DIMENSIONS AND SUBSTANCE USE AMONG TAIBAH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL STUDENTS IN AL-MADINAH AL-MUNAWARAH, SAUDI ARABIA

Objectives:To assess the level of burnout dimensions and investigate their correlation with substance abuse among undergraduate medical students at Taibah University in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This was an analytical study conducted at Taibah University, Al-Madinah, from January 2021 to July 2021. A self-administered questionnaire consisted of two sections. The first section identified the socio-demographic and personal characteristics of the participants. The second section presented the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS). SPSS v26 was used for data analysis. Results:Of the 534 participants, 53.9% were females. The students mean (SD) age was 21.4 (1.59) years. Findings showed that 6% of the medical students had once used one or more types of substances, of which the majority (53.3%) used sleeping pills or sedatives. The average emotional exhaustion mean score of students in the survey population was 3.65 (1.46) out of 5. The students perceived emotional exhaustion scores were correlated significantly and positively with the total number of abused substances, p<0.050. The medical students total number of substance-used materials correlated significantly but negatively with their sense of personal study effectiveness, p<0.050. Students who had a positive history of substance use showed significantly higher cynicism (M=3.88) compared to students who had never abused substances (M=3.00) on average, p<0.001. Conclusion:Medical students at Taibah University demonstrated higher mean scores for emotional exhaustion and cynicism but a lower mean score for personal effectiveness. The students top burnout indicator was emotional exhaustion, followed by personal efficacy and cynicism.

Lost in the Past: Emotions, History and International Relations

Lost in the Past: Emotions, History and International Relations

Emotional Lexicon in Down Syndrome.

We studied comprehension of emotion versus concrete/abstract words in Down syndrome (DS). Study 1 compared 26 participants with DS and 26 typically developing (TD) children matched on verbal ability. Results showed no difference between groups. Study 2 assessed whether chronological age (CA) and (non)verbal abilities predicted developmental trajectories of comprehension in 36 children with DS and 143 TD children. For the latter, these variables predicted comprehension of all three word types. For the former, receptive vocabulary predicted comprehension of all word types, but CA and nonverbal reasoning only predicted comprehension of concrete words. This suggests that people with DS have no specific emotional lexicon deficit. Supporting their general lexical development would help them access abstract and emotional meanings.

“The Panorama of Conquest”: A Cultural Approach to National Emotions

This article examines the Panorama Museum of Conquest in Istanbul, a triumphalist example of state‐led nostalgia, to understand how a national emotional attachment is sustained or contested through new forms of engagement with history. Using the dual‐process model of cognition, particularly the differentiation between declarative and nondeclarative personal and public cultures, I take the museum as a manifestation of neo‐Ottomanist public culture where national identities are performed, to delve into the process of emotional meaning making. I complicate the link between affective experience at the museum and national emotions, and theorize the different coupling possibilities among the two. When the personal and public culture seamlessly match, with people following the highly schematized cues, visitors understand their emotions as pride and gratitude. When the personal and public culture are loosely coupled, a group of visitors lament the bygone glorious era—which does not reflect the felt state at the museum. Some visitors are able to synthesize different political projects during their visit, where others want to sanitize public discourse from neo‐Ottomanist emotions altogether. The dual‐process model helps answer why in the same national‐sensory setting, people emote differently, whereby complicating our understanding of national‐attachment to the state.

About-Weekly Pattern in the Dynamic Complexity of a Healthy Subject's Cellular Immune Activity: A Biopsychosocial Analysis.

In a previous integrative single-case study, we collected biological, psychological and social time-series data on a 25-year-old healthy woman over the course of 126 12-h intervals (63 days) and used urinary neopterin as an indicator of cellular immune activity [Schubert et al. 2012 (1)]. The present re-evaluation introduced Dynamic Complexity (DC) as an additional non-linear and non-stationary measure to further investigate the subject’s biopsychosocial dynamics during the study. The new time series dealing with urinary neopterin complexity revealed a cyclic, circaseptan (about-weekly) repeating pattern (6.59 days). The only weekly reoccurring events over the course of the study that were associated with this immunological pattern were the in-depth interviews with the subject (mean distance between interviews: 6.5 days). Superposed epoch analysis (SEA) revealed a U-shaped relation between neopterin complexity and interviews, with a decrease in neopterin complexity before and during interviews and an increase after interviews. Furthermore, the complexity scores for irritation, anxiousness/depressiveness and mental activity were positively correlated with neopterin complexity. The results suggest that the interviews, which had been found to be related to the subject’s need for educational and/or social accomplishment, were marked by stress (decrease in psycho-immunological flexibility and adaptability), which was then relieved after the interviews (increase in psycho-immunological flexibility and adaptability). It appears that the subject’s cellular immune activity, as indicated by neopterin complexity, functionally mirrored the emotional meaning she ascribed to the in-depth interviews. This re-evaluation is in line with the view that biopsychosocial research requires multimodal analysis of single cases based on qualitative (e.g., in-depth interviews) and quantitative (e.g., time series analysis) data under conditions of “life as it is lived”.

The Multidimensional Lexicon of Emojis: A New Tool to Assess the Emotional Content of Emojis.

Emerging studies suggest that emojis can make important contributions to the emotional content and meaning of digital messages. Yet researchers currently lack adequate tools to incorporate emojis into their analyses. To address this gap, we used over 3 million Twitter posts from a period of 17 months and emotion ratings provided by 2,230 human raters to develop and validate the Multidimensional Lexicon of Emojis (MLE). This new lexicon consists of 359 common emojis rated on ten emotion and sentiment dimensions. The MLE is an open-access tool that holds promise for those interested in conducting a comprehensive analysis of the emotional content of digital communication that incorporates emojis and goes beyond the dimensions of negativity and positivity.