IntroductionTwo research questions were tested: 1) are anxiety and fear distinct constructs?; and 2) can they be separately evoked through emotion induction? Fear and anxiety vignettes were created and tested using five different methods in two studies. Study 1 methodsParticipants read either an anxiety or fear vignette (randomly assigned), completed the Discrete Emotions Questionnaire (DEQ), and sorted vignettes into either fear or anxiety categories. Study 1 resultsConfirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported a two-factor structure (fear and anxiety as distinct). Paired t-tests found higher anxiety scores than fear scores following anxiety vignettes. Seven of the eight vignettes were correctly sorted into the corresponding emotion (over 80%). Study 2 methodsParticipants read both an anxiety and fear vignette (randomized) and completed the DEQ and r-RSTQ. Study 2 resultsCFA supported two-factor solution. Within-subjects comparisons showed both fear and anxiety scores as higher following the fear vignette than the anxiety vignette. Measures of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory subsystems, the Fight-Flight-Freeze System (fear), and the Behavioral Inhibition System (anxiety), predicted the corresponding emotion controlling for the other subsystem. DiscussionResults supported fear and anxiety as discrete constructs. Fear vignettes generated greater fear than anxiety vignettes and anxiety vignettes generated greater anxiety than fear vignettes.