Emotional Control Research Articles

Predicting change in depressive symptoms using longitudinal regional amyloid and cognition in cognitively unimpaired older adults

AbstractBackgroundDepression is a neuropsychiatric symptom of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and has been linked to greater cortical amyloid burden in preclinical AD. We sought to examine whether amyloid accumulation in brain regions subserving emotional control and changes in cognitive performance may contribute to increased depressive symptomatology over time.Method155 cognitively unimpaired participants who were below the cortical amyloid (<0.86DVR) and clinical depression thresholds (<12 on Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS); mean age = 72.6) at baseline were included from the Harvard Aging Brain Study, with annual GDS and Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (PACC) assessment and MRI/PiB‐PET every three years (mean years follow‐up = 7.06). PiB slopes were calculated for FreeSurfer‐defined bilateral regions of interest (ROI) implicated in emotional control: amygdala, medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortices (mOFC, lOFC), superior and middle frontal (MFC) cortices, anterior cingulate (ACC), posterior cingulate (PCC), and isthmus cingulate (IC). Linear mixed‐effects models assessed whether main‐effects of ROI PiB slope and PACC slope predicted longitudinal GDS scores for each ROI, covarying for age, sex, education, and random intercept/slope, adjusted for multiple comparisons. Post‐hoc linear regression models assessed relationships between PiB and PACC slopes.ResultSteeper PiB slopes in the mOFC, MFC, ACC, and IC were associated with increasing GDS scores over time, while a decreasing PACC slope was predictive of increasing GDS scores over time in all regions (Table 1). Post‐hoc analyses indicated that PiB slopes were not significantly correlated with PACC slope (Figure 1).ConclusionIn a cohort of cognitively unimpaired older adults with low cortical amyloid and no/subclinical depressive symptoms at baseline, increasing depressive symptoms over time were significantly associated with both amyloid accumulation in specific regions associated with emotional control (i.e., mOFC, MFC, ACC, and IC) and worsening cognitive performance. Furthermore, changes in cognition were not significantly associated with changes in amyloid accumulation in regions involved in emotional control, suggesting that different factors may be independently influencing trajectories in depression versus cognition over time. These results shed light on the neurobiology of depression in older individuals and underscore the importance of monitoring new and increasing neuropsychiatric symptoms in addition to cognitive symptoms when screening for AD.

Altered cerebrovascular reactivity along functional networks in older adults with long COVID

AbstractBackgroundCerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), an indicator of neurovascular function associated with cognitive decline, relies on vascular and inflammatory processes, making it a potential mechanism of interest driving neurological changes in long COVID among older adults. Given the variability in symptoms associated with long COVID, distribution corrected z‐scores (DisCo‐Z), a subject‐specific abnormalities (SSA) approach more suited for heterogenous conditions, was employed to examine CVR and long COVID in older adults. Relationships between CVR, post‐COVID subjective cognitive decline (pcSCD), and cognitive function were examined.Methods15 older adults with long COVID (M age = 63.9, 6 males) and 24 healthy older adults (M age = 66.7, 6 males) performed a breath‐holding task while in the MR scanner to examine CVR. DisCo‐Z was used to examine the presence and size of extreme clusters of increased or decreased CVR (>100 voxels) within the 7 Yeo functional networks. Non‐parametric tests were used to examine group differences in presence and mean size of extreme clusters. Finally, relationships between: 1) extent of pcSCD and extreme cluster values in long COVID, and 2) cognitive testing scores and global “burden” (cluster size mean and sum) were examined.ResultsGroups did not differ significantly on gender (p = .323) or age (p = .324). Greater incidence of positive extreme clusters within Ventral Attention (p = .028) and Limbic (p = .049) networks were observed in long COVID (with minimal incidences of negative extreme clusters across networks). Group differences were observed for mean cluster size in the Ventral Attention network (p = .016), as well. Extent of pcSCD was positively correlated with DisCo‐Z values for the Ventral Attention network (p = .021) with a trending level of significance for the Limbic network (p = 0.053). Finally, within the full sample, global CVR burden was negatively correlated with memory test scores (p = 0.014).ConclusionsUsing the SSA approach, group differences in CVR were observed in older adults experiencing long COVID. In particular, differences were observed within functional networks thought to drive attention, executive function, and emotional control, which was correlated with pcSCD. Finally, global CVR burden was negatively correlated with memory. These findings, though preliminary, suggest CVR may represent a potential neurobiological mechanism driving pcSCD in older adults.

Dysphasia after stroke and legal capacity

AbstractBackgroundAlthough after stroke dysphasia or aphasia is not equal to incapacity, the legal capacity of patients can be doubted. The patients’ ability to fully comprehend the given information and make decisions may be impaired. Stroke is sudden, life threatening and likely to affect capacity even in the absence of dysphasia. There are currently no published guidelines in the management of legal issues for patients and professionals.MethodA literature review in the Pubmed database has been made, using the key‐words: stroke, legal capacity, decision‐makingResultBrain injury after stroke may impair appreciation of decisions’ consequences and/or communicating decisions effectively, while the capacity to reason remains. Stroke may affect various brain areas, i.e. prefrontal cortex involved in decision‐making (ventromedial prefrontal cortex damage may lead to impulsive decision‐making). A right‐brain stroke may cause poor executive function, lack of initiation or neglect. Left‐hemisphere strokes may lead to aphasia and reduced capacity evaluation. The dysphasic may understand more than he can express, or vice versa.Difficulties further compounding communication problems include: reading and writing; numeracy; inattention/concentration; fatigue; emotional control (lability); perseveration; intellectual functioning. Receptive aphasia can impair understanding medical options, while expressive aphasia may prevent communicating relative decisions.Patients may also be susceptible to undue influence regarding testamentary and financial capacity due to communication deficits and varying levels of dependence. Depression following stroke can further impair capacity.ConclusionThe patient may have a communication rather than a capacity deficit. Judging a patient’s ability to weigh information is often the most difficult aspect of legal capacity assessment. There is little literature or high court jurisdiction regarding whether dysphasia after stroke impairs patients’ capacity. Evaluation of the prerequisites for legal capacity requires a multi‐professional cooperation.

Altered cerebrovascular reactivity along functional networks in older adults with long COVID

AbstractBackgroundCerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), an indicator of neurovascular function associated with cognitive decline, relies on vascular and inflammatory processes, making it a potential mechanism of interest driving neurological changes in long COVID among older adults. Given the variability in symptoms associated with long COVID, distribution corrected z‐scores (DisCo‐Z), a subject‐specific abnormalities (SSA) approach more suited for heterogenous conditions, was employed to examine CVR and long COVID in older adults. Relationships between CVR, post‐COVID subjective cognitive decline (pcSCD), and cognitive function were examined.Method15 older adults with long COVID (M age = 63.9, 6 males) and 24 healthy older adults (M age = 66.7, 6 males) performed a breath‐holding task while in the MR scanner to examine CVR. DisCo‐Z was used to examine the presence and size of extreme clusters of increased or decreased CVR (>100 voxels) within the 7 Yeo functional networks. Non‐parametric tests were used to examine group differences in presence and mean size of extreme clusters. Finally, relationships between: 1) extent of pcSCD and extreme cluster values in long COVID, and 2) cognitive testing scores and global “burden” (cluster size mean and sum) were examined.ResultGroups did not differ significantly on gender (p = .323) or age (p = .324). Greater incidence of positive extreme clusters within Ventral Attention (p = .028) and Limbic (p = .049) networks were observed in long COVID (with minimal incidences of negative extreme clusters across networks). Group differences were observed for mean cluster size in the Ventral Attention network (p = .016), as well. Extent of pcSCD was positively correlated with DisCo‐Z values for the Ventral Attention network (p = .021) with a trending level of significance for the Limbic network (p = 0.053). Finally, within the full sample, global CVR burden was negatively correlated with memory test scores (p = 0.014).ConclusionUsing the SSA approach, group differences in CVR were observed in older adults experiencing long COVID. In particular, differences were observed within functional networks thought to drive attention, executive function, and emotional control, which was correlated with pcSCD. Finally, global CVR burden was negatively correlated with memory. These findings, though preliminary, suggest CVR may represent a potential neurobiological mechanism driving pcSCD in older adults.

المحاكمة العقلية لدى طلبة مدارس المتميزين واقرانهم العاديين

(mental judgment among distinguished school students and their ordinary peers) 1- The mental trial of the distinguished school students and their ordinary peers 2- Significance of differences in mental trial among students of distinguished schools and their ordinary peers according to the variables of gender (male - female), grade (second - fifth) and school (distinguished - normal) current research may be limited to students of the second intermediate grade and the fifth preparatory grade in the schools of the distinguished and their ordinary peers of the General Directorate of Diwaniyah Education for the year (2021-2022). To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher took: 1- The researcher adopted the mental trial scale (Ibrahim 2020), which is based on the theory of Sternberg 1990 (Sternberg) and it was in the form of verbal attitudes distributed over (7) domains, and the scale was corrupted in its final form and after completing the psychometric properties: Honesty (apparent honesty / construction honesty) and stability (Alpha - Cronbach equation) includes (26) positions To complement this, the researcher applied the two scales to a sample of (650) students in the schools affiliated to the General Directorate of Education for Qadisiyah, which were chosen by the stratified random method according to the proportional method. After collecting and processing data statistically using the Statistical Portfolio for Social Sciences (SPSS), the research reached a number of results, including: 1- All coping strategies were statistically significant among the distinguished school students and their peers and normal peers, except for the emotional control and control strategy. 2- The differences in coping strategies were not statistically significant between the variable of the school (distinguished - normal), while it was a function between the variable of gender towards females, as well as the grade was a function towards the fifth grade 3- An indication of the distinction of middle school students, whether in regular schools or schools of excellence in mental trial 4- There are statistically significant differences in the mental trial between the gender variable towards females, as well as between the grade variable towards the fifth grade, while these differences were not statistically significant between the school variable Key words: mental judgment among distinguished school students and their ordinary peers

PREVENTION OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE THROUGH PUBERTY EDUCATION AT SDIT MUTIARA INSAN BEKASI REGENCY

Compared to a few decades ago, puberty now happens earlier, and the frequency of sexual assault is rising wildly. The purpose of this study is to examine how puberty education affects high-grade elementary school students' awareness of sexual assault prevention. With a facilitator in each class, the research design employs a quasi-experimental format of concurrent lectures and conversations lasting 60 minutes. 22 fourth-graders, 31 fifth-graders, and 31 sixth-graders make up the participants. Ten true-false questions from a pre-and post-test were used to gauge knowledge. The T-test was utilized in data analysis. The understanding of high school students significantly increased (P value 0.0001). All class discussions showed an exceptionally lively exchange of thoughts, and several students were particularly aggressive and engaged in raising issues of psychological (the recognition and control of emotions) and social (interpersonal connections and communication) interest. Continuous education is important, along with teaching strategies that are not the same as pedagogy or andragogy but rather suitable for the typical characteristics of adolescents.

Investigation of altered spontaneous brain activity in patients with bronchial asthma using the percent amplitude of fluctuation method: a resting-state functional MRI study

PurposeTo explore the regions of aberrant spontaneous brain activity in asthma patients and their potential impacts using the Percent amplitude of fluctuation (PerAF) analysis method.Patients and methodsIn this study, a total of 31 bronchial asthma (BA) patients were ultimately included, comprising 17 males and 14 females. Subsequently, 31 healthy control subjects (HCS) were recruited, consisting of 17 males and 14 females, and they were matched with the BA group based on age, sex, and educational status. The PerAF analysis technique was employed to study the differences in spontaneous brain activity between the two groups. The SPM12 toolkit was used to carry out a two sample t-test on the collected fMRI data, in order to examine the differences in PerAF values between the asthma patients and the healthy controls. We employed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) to evaluate the cognitive and emotional states of the two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to ascertain the relationship between changes in the PerAF values within specific brain regions and cognitive as well as emotional conditions.ResultsCompared with the healthy control group, areas of the brain with reduced PerAF in asthma patients included the inferior cerebellum, fusiform gyrus, right inferior orbital frontal gyrus, left middle orbital frontal gyrus, left/right middle frontal gyrus (MFG), dorsal lateral superior frontal gyrus (SFGdl), left superior temporal gyrus (STG), precuneus, right inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and left/right angular gyrus. BA patients exhibit mild cognitive impairments and a propensity for emotional disturbances. Furthermore, the perAF values of the SFGdl region are significantly positively correlated with the results of the MoCA cognitive assessment, while negatively correlated with the HAMD evaluation.ConclusionThrough the application of PerAF analysis methods, we discovered that several brain regions in asthma patients that control the amplitude of respiration, vision, memory, language, attention, and emotional control display abnormal changes in intrinsic brain activity. This helps characterize the neural mechanisms behind cognitive, sensory, and motor function impairments in asthma patients, providing valuable insights for potential therapeutic targets and disease management strategies.

만3-5세 혼합연령 학급의 발달지연 유아의 변화 탐구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to explore changes in pro-social and cognitive behavior of children with developmental delays in a mixed-age class aged 3 to 5 years.
 Methods The participants in the study were 5-year-old children with developmental delays in a mixed-age 3-5 year old class. Related data, including 3 years of child observation logs, parent counseling logs, and interview data with homeroom teachers, were collected to determine pro-social behavior and cognitive behavior. The contents were qualitatively categorized and analyzed.
 Results First, in a mixed class for 3-5 year olds, developmentally delayed children improved their personal emotion control ability, interpersonal relationship formation ability, and classroom adaptation ability in terms of pro-social behavior. It has been shown that children with developmental delays improve their social behavior through activities that help younger siblings who are at a lower level than themselves. Second, children with developmental delays in mixed-age classes aged 3 to 5 showed improvements in cognitive behavior, such as interest in learning, improved cognitive learning ability, and language development. Improved pro-social behavior can be seen growing together by promoting active activities with children at various levels and supporting their cognitive development.
 Conclusions As seen in the results of this study, it can be concluded that in mixed-age classes, child with developmental delays are provided with the opportunity to narrow the gap in their development level with ordinary children through social and cognitive development.

Medical encounters with patients diagnosed with cancer: The association between physicians' behavior and perceived patient centered care and anxiety

PurposeTo evaluate the association between physicians' behavior and cancer patients’ perceived patient-centered care (PCC) and anxiety following medical encounters. MethodsA prospective study design with 100 encounters, including 100 cancer patients and 22 oncology/surgery physicians, was performed between November 2019 and July 2021. Before the medical encounters, patients were asked to complete the validated State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and physicians and patients completed sociodemographic and clinical data. During the medical encounters, structured ‘real-time’ observations of the physicians' behaviors were performed using the Four Habits Coding Scheme (4HCS). Following the medical encounters, patients were asked to re-complete the STAI and to fill the validated Perceived PCC questionnaire. ResultsMean 4HCS was positively associated with perceived PCC (β = 0.351, p < 0.001) and contributed 10.5% to the total 25.3% explained variance beyond the sociodemographic and clinical variables. Of the 4HCS sub scales, ‘Demonstrate Empathy’ displayed the lowest correlation with perceived PCC as compared to informational behaviors. In contrast, mean 4HCS was not associated with post-meeting anxiety (p > 0.05). ConclusionOur ‘in-vivo’ observations of medical encounters expands on previous studies in educational settings in showing how physicians' behaviors impact real patients' experience. The findings may provide a more accurate picture of physicians' supportive and unsupportive behaviors that impact on perceived PCC and anxiety. Patients may prefer their physicians to focus on the informational content related to their disease trajectory rather than focusing on empathy with their emotions. Physicians should be trained in ways to support patients on how to regain emotional control in stressful medical situations.

Emotional intelligence and work engagement: The Moderating effect of work-related psychological impact due to the COVID-19 pandemic

Although emotional intelligence has been linked to employee engagement in the private sector, there is very little research regarding public sector employees. This study explores how emotional intelligence influences work engagement with work-related psychological impact acting as a moderator. The study adopts the cognitive–motivational–relational theory of emotions, which has a minimal research focus in developing countries. Using stratified random sampling, a self-designed questionnaire and interviews, data was gathered from public servants and analysed. The results showed that Emotional Intelligence (emotional management, emotional evaluation and emotional control) positively influences work engagement. Also, emotional management had the highest (positive) impact on work engagement among the three variables. Additionally, it was discovered that the psychological needs at the workplace negatively moderated emotions having positive effect on work engagement. Therefore, employees are encouraged to utilise their emotions to positively influence work engagement and reduce work-related psychological issues and reduce its negative effect on work engagement. Further, work-related psychological impact moderated the relationship between emotional intelligence and work engagement in this study. Theoretically, the use of the cognitive–motivational–relational in developing countries with regard to public sector frontline employees during and after the COVID-19 pandemic is unique.

Prediction of the Tendency to Smoke Based on Emotional Dyslexia and Cognitive Control

Background: Smoking is a serious health threat, killing about 5 million people worldwide each year. By 2030, the number of diseases and deaths from tobacco use will reach 8 million per year. This study aims to investigate the prediction of smoking tendency based on emotional dyslexia and perceptual control with the mediation of risk perception.&#x0D; Method: This was a descriptive-correlational research conducted on all the 45,000 employees of Tehran Municipality who were working in 2019. The statistical sample consisted of 215 members of the aforementioned statistical population, which was determined using the usual sampling method in correlation studies and the multi-stage cluster sampling method. The instruments used included the smoking tendency questionnaire, the emotional nonverbal questionnaire, and the perceptual control questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25 and Amos software version 22 at two descriptive (mean, standard deviation, etc.) and inferential (structural equation analysis) levels.&#x0D; Results: The coefficient of the direct path between alexithymia and the tendency to smoke was 0.380. It can be concluded that there was a positive and significant relationship between alexithymia and the tendency to smoke. In addition, the coefficient of the direct path between perceptual control and the tendency to smoke was -0.250.&#x0D; Conclusion: There is a negative and significant relationship between cognitive control and the tendency to smoke. Therefore, by teaching people emotional regulation skills, a person can be prepared to face and solve problems and have constructive relationship with others.

On the relationship between emotions and cognitive control: Evidence from an observational study on emotional priming Stroop task.

Evidence is discordant regarding how emotional processing and cognitive control interact to shape behavior. This observational study sought to examine this interaction by looking at the distinction between proactive and reactive modes of control and how they relate to emotional processing. Seventy-four healthy participants performed an emotional priming Stroop task. On each trial, target stimuli of a spatial Stroop task were preceded by sad or neutral facial expressions, providing two emotional conditions. To manipulate the requirement of both proactive and reactive control, the proportion of congruent trials (PC) was varied at the list-wide (LWPC) and item-specific (ISPC) levels, respectively. We found that sad priming led to behavioral costs only in trials with low proactive and reactive cognitive control demands. Our findings suggest that emotional processing affects cognitive processes other than cognitive control in the Stroop task. Moreover, both proactive and reactive control modes seem effective in overcoming emotional interference of priming stimuli.

GAME-BASED EXERCISES THAT AID IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS’ EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE WHILE LEARNING CHESS

In 2017, the “Chess” Scientific Research Institute’s research group of psychologists performed a diagnostic experiment to determine the level and manifestations of emotional intelligence of teachers and students during the teaching and learning of the “Chess” subject. The findings of the preceding investigations were presented at the international conference “Current State and Development Trends in Chess Education,” which was held in Tsaghkadzor in 2019. The following findings were offered after summarizing the outcomes of all methods used throughout the scientific experiment: 1. Chess teachers have a high level of emotional awareness, whereas children may distinguish just pleasure, sadness, and anger as fundamental emotions. 2. Low indicators of the teacher’s empathy and emotional management affect the motivation of 3rd and 4th-grade students to succeed in chess lessons, as well as the negative trend of the position of receiving praise from the teacher, as a result of which the indicator of the manifestation of a favourable position towards the chess teacher decreases. 3. Regardless of the teacher’s positive attitude toward the students, if the teacher’s emotional management and control signs are poor throughout the learning process, the student’s emotional attitude toward their peers and their participation in the chess class diminishes. Based on the analysis of the diagnostic experiment findings, “Chess” Scientific Research Institute psychologists created and tested various game exercises to develop emotional intelligence components in secondary school learners.

Control Schemes for Quadrotor UAV: Taxonomy and Survey

Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is an unstable system, so it needs to be controlled efficiently and intelligently. Moreover, due to its non-linear, coupled, and under-actuated nature, the quadrotor has become an important research platform to study and validate various control theories. Different control approaches have been used to control the quadrotor UAV. In this context, a comprehensive study of different control schemes is presented in this research. First, an overview of the working and different applications of quadrotor UAVs is presented. Second, a mathematical model of the quadrotor is discussed. Later, the experimental results of various existing control techniques are discussed and compared. The various control schemes discussed and described for quadrotors are; Proportional Integral and Derivative (PID), Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR), H-infinity ( H ∞ ), Sliding Mode Control (SMC), Feedback Linearization (FBL), Model Predictive Control (MPC), Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Iterative Learning Control (ILC), Reinforcement Learning Control (RLC), Brain Emotional Learning Control (BELC), Memory Based Control (MBC), Nested Saturation Control (NSC), and Hybrid Controllers (HC). Comparison is done among all the control techniques and it is concluded that the hybrid control method gives improved results. This survey presents a broad overview of the state-of-the-art in UAV design, control, and implementation for real-life applications.

A Review of Research on the Effects of Intergenerational Parenting on Children's Emotional Control

Intergenerational parenting, also known as "intergenerational education," has gradually become a common phenomenon in family education. With social changes, the family structure has produced relatively significant changes. As intergenerational parenting has become increasingly common, it has also received more and more attention from scholars. Researchers have discussed and studied the causes, advantages, disadvantages, and effects on children's psychological development. However, there is still a lack of research on the effects on children's emotional regulation. This study focuses on the effects of intergenerational parenting on children's emotion regulation. It summarizes the existing research from the overview of intergenerational parenting (including definition, types, and effects on grandchildren), the overview of children's emotion regulation (including definition, strategies, and influencing factors), and the effects of intergenerational parenting on children's emotion regulation. The emergence of intergenerational parenting has changed the original structure of the family. Therefore, under the situation that the problem of intergenerational parenting is becoming more and more popular, how to improve the quality of intergenerational education and how to help children grow up healthily under intergenerational education will become the focus of attention of the majority of child-rearing families and society in China. This study will also provide a series of recommendations on the impact of intergenerational parenting on children's emotions and family structure.

Regularity and variability of functional brain connectivity characteristics between gyri and sulci under naturalistic stimulus

The human cerebral cortex is folded into two fundamentally anatomical units: gyri and sulci. Previous studies have demonstrated the genetical, structural, and functional differences between gyri and sulci, providing a unique perspective for revealing the relationship among brain function, cognition, and behavior. While previous studies mainly focus on the functional differences between gyri and sulci under resting or task-evoked state, such characteristics under naturalistic stimulus (NS) which reflects real-world dynamic environments are largely unknown. To address this question, this study systematically investigates spatio-temporal functional connectivity (FC) characteristics between gyri and sulci under NS using a spatio-temporal graph convolutional network model. Based on the public Human Connectome Project dataset of 174 subjects with four different runs of both movie-watching NS and resting state 7T functional MRI data, we successfully identify unique FC features under NS, which are mainly involved in visual, auditory, emotional and cognitive control, and achieve high discriminative accuracy 93.06 % to resting state. Moreover, gyral regions as well as gyro-gyral connections consistently participate more as functional information exchange hubs than sulcal ones among these networks. This study provides novel insights into the functional brain mechanism under NS and lays a solid foundation for accurately mapping the brain anatomy-function relationship.

White matter microstructure is differently associated with executive functioning in youth born with congenital heart disease and youth born preterm.

Executive function deficits and adverse psychological outcomes are common in youth with congenital heart disease (CHD) or born preterm. Association white matter bundles play a critical role in higher order cognitive and emotional functions and alterations to their microstructural organization may result in adverse neuropsychological functioning. This study aimed to examine the relationship of myelination and axon density and orientation alterations within association bundles with executive functioning, psychosocial well-being, and resilience in youth with CHD or born preterm. Youth aged 16 to 26 years born with complex CHD or preterm at ≤33 weeks of gestational age and healthy controls completed a brain MRI and self-report assessments of executive functioning, psychosocial well-being, and resilience. Multicomponent driven equilibrium single-pulse observation of T1 and T2 and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging were used to calculate average myelin water fraction (MWF), neurite density index (NDI), and orientation dispersion index values for eight bilateral association bundles. The relationships of bundle-average metrics with neuropsychological outcomes were explored with linear regression and mediation analyses. In the CHD group, lower MWF in several bundles was associated with poorer working memory and behavioral self-monitoring and mediated self-monitoring deficits relative to controls. In the preterm group, lower NDI in several bundles was associated with poorer emotional control and lower MWF in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus III mediated planning/organizing deficits relative to controls. No significant relationships were observed for psychosocial well-being or resilience. The findings of this study suggest that microstructural alterations to association bundles, including lower myelination and axon density, have different relationships with executive functioning in youth with CHD and youth born preterm. Future studies should aim to characterize other neurobiological, social, and environmental influences that may interact with white matter microstructure and neuropsychological functioning in these at-risk individuals.

Frontoparietal functional connectivity moderates the link between time spent on social media and subsequent negative affect in daily life

Evidence on the harms and benefits of social media use is mixed, in part because the effects of social media on well-being depend on a variety of individual difference moderators. Here, we explored potential neural moderators of the link between time spent on social media and subsequent negative affect. We specifically focused on the strength of correlation among brain regions within the frontoparietal system, previously associated with the top-down cognitive control of attention and emotion. Participants (N = 54) underwent a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Participants then completed 28 days of ecological momentary assessment and answered questions about social media use and negative affect, twice a day. Participants who spent more than their typical amount of time on social media since the previous time point reported feeling more negative at the present moment. This within-person temporal association between social media use and negative affect was mainly driven by individuals with lower resting state functional connectivity within the frontoparietal system. By contrast, time spent on social media did not predict subsequent affect for individuals with higher frontoparietal functional connectivity. Our results highlight the moderating role of individual functional neural connectivity in the relationship between social media and affect.

Menimbang Kecerdasan Emosional dalam Mengatasi Degradasi Moral

&lt;p&gt;Emotional intelligence as a gift from God. Emotions require proper control from an early age in order to develop well. The large number of cases related to the decline in morals among students requires the instilling of the concept of emotional control in students. The purpose of this article is to examine and discuss emotional intelligence from the perspective of the Koran as an effort to overcome moral degradation among students. This research uses the library research method by utilizing data sources in the form of library literature such as articles, journals and websites that discuss emotional intelligence from the perspective of the Al-Qur'an. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis. The results of this research are that humans are described in the Al-Qur'an as God's creation and are given extraordinary potential in the form of emotions that will have an impact on life. The ability to control emotions, that is what is called emotional intelligence. The characteristics of emotional intelligence can be identified from self-awareness, self-regulation abilities, motivation, empathy and social skills. All of these characteristics of emotional intelligence were described in the Qur'an long before Western theory used the term for emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence in the Qur'an is exemplified by being patient, fearing Allah, holding back anger, controlling sadness and happiness as best as possible in accordance with instructions from Allah in the Qur'an. The conclusion from this research is that controlling emotions is not an easy thing when it is not based on faith in the guidelines of the Al-Qur'an. This control needs to be trained from an early age through role model education from parents to their children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keywords&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;: &lt;/strong&gt;Al-Qur'an; Emotional Intelligence; Neuroscience; Moral; Learner.&lt;/p&gt;

MEREDUKSI AGRESIFITAS DENGAN COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL ART TERAPY PADA SISWA SMPN 14 PONTIANAK

The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of group counseling with cognitive behavioral art therapy in reducing aggression using a mixed methods model embedded in an experiment. The scale used is the Buss and Pery aggressiveness scale (Garofalo, 2018) with a total of 30 statement items. Based on data analysis, the average pretest value was 83.7 and after being given CBAT treatment the posttest value was 57.8 with a Wilcoxon sign-rank test Z value of -2.201, with a p value of 0.028, which means the p value is smaller than 0.05. So it can be concluded that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, which means that cognitive behavioral art therapy group counseling is effective in reducing student aggression. Viewed qualitatively analysis of counseling conversations with high aggressiveness Referring to harsh words, being angry, negotiating, does not reduce emotional control. The changes that occur are in the moderate to low category, this shows that cognitive behavioral art therapy group counseling has a therapeutic impact on group members who are counselees.