Decrease In Emission Intensity Research Articles

Simulation study on influence of oxygen concentrations on atmospheric-pressure streamer in oxygen-rich nitrogen–oxygen mixture

This study aims to investigate the behaviour of positive streamer discharge in various mixtures with different concentrations via two-dimensional simulations. The proposed model considers the effects of photoionisation caused by the photons generated by excited oxygen atoms , which enables the simulation of streamers in oxygen rich conditions. The simulation results indicate that the propagation velocity and diameter of the streamer increase with the oxygen concentration, while the emission intensity decreases. The result conforms to the experimental results of our previous work. Moreover, the simulation results suggest that changes in the ionisation rate caused by variations in the oxygen concentration affect the streamer propagation, while the impact of photoionisation is limited.

Bimetallic Eu/Tb Complexes for Ratiometric Temperature Sensing with Unusual Enhancement of Eu Luminescence with Temperature

In this paper we describe the results of the influence of temperature in the range of 280–340 K on the luminescence of bimetallic Eu/Tb complexes with N-heterocyclic ligand L based on 2,2′-bipyridyldicarboxylic acid in acetonitrile. The experiments were carried out for systems with various Eu/Tb ratios. The stability of the complexes of the ligand L with metal M (Eu or Tb) was determined using spectrophotometric titration in acetonitrile solutions. The LM complexes’ stability constants were found to be typical for these systems; however, the stability of Eu complex is slightly higher than that for Tb. Along with rising temperature, we observed a decrease in Tb emission intensity and, at the same time, an enhancement in Eu luminescence. An explanation of Eu luminescence enhancement involves the appearance of charge transfer states, bands of which can be observed in the Eu luminescence excitation spectra as difference spectra measured with two close temperatures. The unusual Eu luminescence enhancement upon heating was observed for the first time for the complex with tetradentate O,N-type heterocyclic diamide ligand L, while an inverse phenomenon was observed with the Tb luminescence. The Eu luminescence enhancement was found earlier for various carboxylate complex salts, but not for heterocyclic coordination complexes. This allows the construction of a ratiometric luminescent thermometer in the range of 280–340 K using the ratio of luminescence intensities for Eu and Tb. The stability constants for the individual Eu and Tb complexes help us to understand the equilibrium in L:Tb:Eu complex system and shed light on plausible speciation in solution.

UV and blue excited tunable emission of thermally stable Bi3+ sensitized Eu3+ doped calcium aluminozincate phosphor for photonic applications

Bi3+/Eu3+ co-driven calcium aluminozincate (CAZ) phosphor prepared by sol–gel route. Structural analysis was conducted based on X-ray diffractogram. Scanning Electron Microscope images were recorded using Carl Zeiss microscope. Luminescent traits of the said phosphors were identified using excitation and emission spectroscopy at room temperature and elevated temperature. The emission spectra recorded at room temperature under different excitations exhibit variation in spectral behavior. The Commision Internationale de-lElcairage coordinates shown in chromaticity diagram indicate the change in emission hue as pure blue, bluish red and finally pure red by varying the excitation wavelengths. The temperature dependent emission spectra show decrease in emission intensity with temperature and activation energy found to be 0.280 eV. The decay curves were also recorded to determine lifetime and study energy transfer between Bi3+ and Eu3+ ions. Auzel’s fit conducted based on the decay lifetimes helps in evaluating quantum efficiency theoretically. All these investigations authorize the potential of Bi3+/Eu3+ doped CAZ phosphors for their utilization as color-tunable phosphor in photonic applications.

Spatiotemporal analysis of CO2 emissions and emission reduction potential of Beijing buses using smart card data

Human activities, primarily carbon dioxide emissions, have undeniably caused global warming. The transportation sector contributes about a quarter of global CO2 emissions. While replacing traditional buses with electric ones has reduced emissions, it is crucial to consider the indirect emissions resulting from electricity consumption. This study proposes a framework for modeling bus emissions using smart card data, integrating spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and emission reduction potentials. Our analysis reveals that routes spanning 10–30 km contribute to 81% of total bus emissions, with an average emission rate of 56.2 gCO2/per-km for residents traveling by bus. Bus emissions also exhibit cyclical variations during holidays, weekdays, and weekends, indicating spatial clustering and trends. Although the area within Beijing's 4th Ring Road constitutes only 13% of the total area within the 6th Ring Road, it generates almost half of the CO2 emissions. With urban expansion, total bus emissions increase gradually, but emission intensity decreases. This study emphasizes the potential for reducing emissions through improved public transportation operations. It recommends fully electrifying the bus fleet and employing low grid emission factors, which could reduce emissions by up to 71% compared to diesel options. Electrification of buses and optimizing power generation on the grid are essential priorities for emission reduction.

Efficient Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction with High Selectivity for Ethanol by Synergistically Coupled MXene-Ceria and the Charge Carrier Dynamics.

The primary factors that govern the selectivity and efficacy of CO2 photoreduction are the degree of activation of CO2 on the active surface sites of photocatalysts and charge separation/transfer kinetics. In this context, the rational synthesis of heterostructured MXene-coupled CeO2-based photocatalysts with different loading concentrations of Ti3C2MXene via a one-step hydrothermal approach has been undertaken. These photocatalysts exhibit a shift in X-ray diffraction peaks to higher 2θ values and changes in stretching vibrations of 5 wt % Ti3C2MXene/CeO2(5-TC/Ce) that indicate interaction between Ti3C2MXene and CeO2. Moreover, XPS analysis confirms the presence of the Ce3+/Ce4+ states. A sharp band at 2335 cm-1 observed during the CO2 photoreduction process corresponds to bidentate b-CO32-, which facilitates the adsorption of CO2 at the surface of the catalyst as revealed by the TPD analysis. Furthermore, the Schryvers test and NMR analysis were undertaken to confirm the formaldehyde intermediate formation during CO2 photoreduction to C2H5OH. The decrease in emission intensity, reduced lifetimes (2.68 ns), and lower interfacial resistance, as revealed by PL, TR-PL, and EIS analysis, imply an efficient charge separation and charge transfer in the case of the Ti3C2MXene/CeO2 heterojunction. The decrease in the intensity of peaks in the EPR spectrum in the case of 5-TC/Ce further confirms efficient charge transfer kinetics across the interface. The optimized 5-TC/Ce shows CO2 reduction with a drastically enhanced yield of ethanol on the order of 6127 μmol g-1 at 5 h with 98% selectivity and 7.54% apparent quantum efficiency, which is 6-fold higher than that of ethanol produced by bare CeO2. Herein, CeO2 that acts as a redox couple (Ce3+/Ce4+) when coupled with MXene having a metallic nature that reduces the electron transfer resistance is in unison, enabling an enhanced mobilization of electrons. Thereby, the synergistic coupling of Ti3C2MXene with CeO2 leads to an efficient photoreduction of CO2 under visible light illumination.

Indonesian capital city relocation and regional economy's transition toward less carbon-intensive economy: An inter-regional CGE analysis

Transitioning to a low-carbon economy can take various forms, one of which is structural change, particularly tertiarization. When the economic structure shifts from being dominated by sectors that rely heavily on fossil fuels to one that does not, the economy can become less carbon-intensive. The relocation of Indonesia's capital city from Jakarta to East Kalimantan is an example of how a traditionally resource-intensive regional economy may respond to the sudden emergence of a large-scale service sector, in this case, the government sector. This paper investigates how the capital city relocation may affect the destination region's economic structure using an inter-regional computable general equilibrium modeling. The model considers not only how different economic sectors are interconnected but also how sectors within one province are interconnected with sectors in other provinces. According to the findings, the relocation of the capital city increases the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of the destination region (KalTim) by a massive amount (22%) while decreasing the GRDP of Jakarta (the old capital) by a moderate amount (7%). However, because the expanding sector is relatively high-skill intensive, it tends to produce skill-biased increases in real wages. As a result, the destination region (Kaltim) undergoes massive structural change as its service sector share increases by 12%, a change historically comparable in two decades. In addition, Kaltim's carbon emission intensity decreases by 18% due to this large-scale tertiarization. The analysis has demonstrated how and to what extent the relocation of Indonesia's capital city may help the province diversify from a natural resource-intensive economy to a more service-oriented and low-carbon economy.

Phonon‐Assisted Negative Thermal Quenching in a One‐Photon Up‐Conversion Phosphor for Thermometry

AbstractThermal disturbance deteriorates the radiative transitions of up‐conversion phosphor, leading to decreased emission intensity at high operation temperatures. In this work, a thermal‐favored Yb3+/Nd3+ co‐doped KGaGeO4 up‐conversion phosphor with a negative thermal quenching behavior is explored. The as‐developed phosphor performs a one‐photon anti‐Stokes emission and exhibits a remarkable enhancement for the rise of ambient temperature reaching 653 K. It is demonstrated that the fascinating thermal behavior of the up‐conversion procedure is attributed to the enhanced energy transfer from the corresponding sensitizers to the activators by phonon assistance. Moreover, the microscopic dynamical process of phonon assistance and annihilation is revealed by introducing Er3+ ions as a probe. These results not only shed light on the phonon‐assisted strategy to build a highly efficient anti‐Stokes emission system but also open prospects for constructing phonon‐favored transitions with nonthermally coupled emissions to realize luminescence thermometry for their distinct thermal responsivity.

Improved Thermal and Chemical Stability of Oxynitride Phosphor from Facile Chemical Synthesis for Vehicle Cornering Lights

AbstractOrange Eu2+‐doped phosphors are essential for light‐emitting diodes for cornering lights to prevent fatal road accidents at night, but such phosphors require features of high thermal, chemical stability and facile synthesis. This study reports a series of yellow‐orange‐red emitting SrAl2Si3ON6:Eu2+ oxynitride phosphors, derived from the SrAlSi4N7 nitride iso‐structure by replacing Si4+−N3− with Al3+−O2−. The introduction of a certain amount of oxygen enabled the facile synthesis under atmospheric pressure using the air‐stable raw materials SrCO3, Eu2O3, AlN and Si3N4. SrAl2Si3ON6 has a smaller band gap and lower structure rigidity than SrAlSi4N7 (5.19 eV vs 5.50 eV, Debye temperature 719 K vs 760 K), but exhibits higher thermal stability with 100 % of room temperature intensity remaining at 150 °C compared to 85 % for SrAlSi4N7. Electron paramagnetic resonance, thermoluminescence and density functional theory revealed that the oxygen vacancy electron traps compensated the thermal loss. Additionally, no decrease in emission intensity was found after either being heated at 500 °C for 2 hours or being immersed in water for 20 days, implying both of the thermal and chemical stability of SrAl2Si3ON6:Eu2+ phosphors. The strategy of oxynitride‐introduction from nitride promotes the development of low‐cost thermally and chemically stable luminescent materials.

Improved Thermal and Chemical Stability of Oxynitride Phosphor from Facile Chemical Synthesis for Vehicle Cornering Lights.

Orange Eu2+ -doped phosphors are essential for light-emitting diodes for cornering lights to prevent fatal road accidents at night, but such phosphors require features of high thermal, chemical stability and facile synthesis. This study reports a series of yellow-orange-red emitting SrAl2 Si3 ON6 :Eu2+ oxynitride phosphors, derived from the SrAlSi4 N7 nitride iso-structure by replacing Si4+ -N3- with Al3+ -O2- . The introduction of a certain amount of oxygen enabled the facile synthesis under atmospheric pressure using the air-stable raw materials SrCO3 , Eu2 O3 , AlN and Si3 N4 . SrAl2 Si3 ON6 has a smaller band gap and lower structure rigidity than SrAlSi4 N7 (5.19 eV vs 5.50 eV, Debye temperature 719 K vs 760 K), but exhibits higher thermal stability with 100 % of room temperature intensity remaining at 150 °C compared to 85 % for SrAlSi4 N7 . Electron paramagnetic resonance, thermoluminescence and density functional theory revealed that the oxygen vacancy electron traps compensated the thermal loss. Additionally, no decrease in emission intensity was found after either being heated at 500 °C for 2 hours or being immersed in water for 20 days, implying both of the thermal and chemical stability of SrAl2 Si3 ON6 :Eu2+ phosphors. The strategy of oxynitride-introduction from nitride promotes the development of low-cost thermally and chemically stable luminescent materials.

Private Shareholder Engagements on Material ESG Issues

We study private shareholder engagements with 2,465 listed firms about environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues from 2007 to 2020. We examine the extent to which private engagements address financially material ESG issues and contribute to firm performance. We find that material engagements succeed more often than immaterial engagements and that the targets of successful material engagements significantly outperform their peers by 2.5% over the next 14 months. Further, we find that material engagements are more often associated with improvements in profitability and cost ratios than immaterial engagements. Finally, our evidence indicates that a decrease in CO2e emission intensity accompanies environmental engagements.

Spectroscopic behavior differences between lumazine and alloxazine in the DMSO-water mixture

The absorption and emission spectra were investigated for lumazine, alloxazine and their cyanated or fluorinated derivatives, respectively. The spectroscopic properties were modulated by varying water concentration in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Some intriguing experimental results were found for the samples containing 65 % of water and 35% of DMSO. This finding is consistent with previously published molecular dynamics (MD) simulations confirming the concept of the ‘local bulk’ model. In this case, a notable decrease in absorption and emission intensities was registered, even larger than the water quenching observed in other cases. The changes in midrange DMSO concentrations could be explained by the formation of local solvents structures as predicted by MD, specifically the formation of DMSO·2H2O dimers. Experimentally, the cyano-substituted lumazine has shown a remarkable sensitivity to DMSO concentration. The spectroscopic measurements were interpreted using the density functional theory where the implicit DMSO solvent model was combined with explicit water molecules. Together with its enhanced water solubility, the cyanated lumazine derivate could be used for non-destructive DMSO detection in vitro for applications such as drug uptake monitoring, since DMSO is often used in pharmaceutical practice.

Effect of the local energy distribution of x-ray beams generated through inverse Compton scattering in dual-energy imaging applications.

X-ray sources based on the inverse Compton interaction between a laser and a relativistic electron beam are emerging as a promising compact alternative to synchrotron for the production of intense monochromatic and tunable radiation. The emission characteristics enable several innovative imaging techniques, including dual-energy K-edge subtraction (KES) imaging. The performance of these techniques is optimal in the case of perfectly monochromatic x-ray beams, and the implementation of KES was proven to be very effective with synchrotron radiation. Nonetheless, the features of inverse Compton scattering (ICS) sources make them good candidates for a more compact implementation of KES techniques. The energy and intensity distribution of the emitted radiation is related to the emission direction, which means different beam qualities in different spatial positions. In fact, as the polar angle increases, the average energy decreases, while the local energy bandwidth increases and the emission intensity decreases. The scope of this work is to describe the impact of the local energy distribution variations on KES imaging performance. By means of analytical simulations, the reconstructed signal, signal-to-noise ratio, and background contamination were evaluated as a function of the position of each detector pixel. The results show that KES imaging is possible with ICS x-ray beams, even if the image quality slightly degrades at the detector borders for a fixed collimation angle and, in general, as the beam divergence increases. Finally, an approach for the optimization of specific imaging tasks is proposed by considering the characteristics of a given source.

Photoluminescent Copper Nanoclusters in “Turn-Off/Turn-On” Sensing of Picric Acid/Hydrogen Peroxide

In this paper, we illustrate the synthesis, characterization, and application of a Bovine Serum Albumin-stabilized copper nanocluster (BSA@CuNCs)-based photoluminescence (PL) bifunctional sensor for the selective and rapid sensing of picric acid (PA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Blue-emitting copper nanoclusters were synthesized using one-pot synthesis at room temperature. The PL intensity of BSA@CuNCs was shown to be quenched (“Turn-off”) with an increase in the concentration of PA and intensified (“Turn-on”) with the addition of H2O2. The quenching of PL intensity of BSA@CuNCs was shown to be extremely selective and rapid towards PA. A linear decrease in the PL emission intensity of BSA@CuNCs was observed with a PA concentration in the range of 0–15 μM. An extremely low detection limit of 60 nM (3σ/k) was calculated. The as-prepared BSA@CuNCs also exhibited superior selectivity for PA detection in aqueous medium. The developed sensor was also utilized for the sensing of PA in natural water samples. The probe was found to be extremely sensitive towards the detection of H2O2. An increase in the PL intensity of BSA@CuNCs was seen with the addition of H2O2, with a detection limit of 0.11 μM.

Evaluation of the Structural, Near-Infrared Luminescence, and Radioluminescence Properties of Nd3+ Activated TTB-Lead Metatantalate Phosphors

The study reports the structural and spectroscopic properties of Nd3+ doped lead metatantalate phosphor series fabricated by conventional solid state method. XRD results of the PbTa2O6 phase confirm the tungsten bronze symmetry and single-phase structure between 0.5 and 10 mol% Nd3+ concentrations. The lead decrease in the structure can be associated with maintaining the charge balance and single phase due to evaporation during sintering. In SEM micrographs, the grains exhibited shapeless morphology, and the grain sizes varied from 0.5 to 7 m. In EDS results, the increase of Ta/Pb ratio in grain surfaces indicated some lead evaporation, as reported in previous studies. The absorption spectrum of PbTa2O6 host peaked around 275-280 nm, and the band gap was found to be 3.7±0.2 eV. The absorptions of Nd3+ doped phophors shifted the high wavelenght or the low band gap, where the band gaps were found between 3.1±0.2 and 3.3±0.2 eV. The PL emissions of the phosphors in near-inrared region were observed with the transitions of 4F3/2→4I9/2 (at 875 nm) and 4F3/2→4I11/2 (at 1060 nm) of Nd3+. The RL emissions or X-ray excited luminescence were monitored with the transitions of 4F3/2→4I9/2 (at 875 nm), 4F3/2→4I11/2 (at 1065 nm) in the infrared region, and the transitions of 2F(2)5/2→4F9/2, 2F(2)5/2→2H(2)11/2, 2F(2)5/2→4G5/2, 2F(2)5/2→4G7/2, 2F(2)5/2→4G9/2 in the visible region corresponding to at around 430, 455, 490, 525, and 570 nm, respectively. PL and RL emissions of the phosphors exhibited the decreasing emission intensity over 5 mol% due to the concentration quenching which may be associated with cross-relaxing mechanism. In the PL and RL spectral profiles, the similarity of splitting levels was attributed to the similarity of the local symmetry of the ligand ions surrounding the Nd3+ ion. The CIE coordinates obtained using RL emissions were found close to the blue region due to visible region transitions.

100 Methane Production in Roughage-Lacking Diets Containing Ionized Amino Acids as Antibiotic Alternative

Abstract The use of antibiotics in animal feed, commonly used as a strategy to achieve greater daily weight gains and recently as way to reduce methane emission, might result in the selection of resistant microorganisms and certain bacterial strains isolated from cattle are resistant to multiple antibiotics and could be human health hazards. To evaluate methane production in ruminant diet without roughage containing ionized amino acids as antibiotic alternative, twenty-four Nellore young bulls were allotted into two groups. The first group was fed with high-grain diet without roughage and without antibiotics diet, containing 82 mg/kg of ionized amino acids mixture (L-lysine and L-taurine HCl 99%, pH 9.74) manufactured by MJ Animal Nutrition. The second group was fed with high-grain diet containing Brachiaria brizantha hay (15% dry matter) and sodium monensin (120 mgּּ animal -1 ּּ day-1). It was not used a negative control group to avoid metabolic disturbances. The feedlot time was 100 days. The weight measurements were performed at the beginning of the trial period and monthly, always with water restriction and fasting for 18 hours, even before slaughter. A completely randomized design was used. Methane emission was measured using the sulfur hexafluoride technique and daily dry matter intake were measured in GrowSafe system. There was no detection of lameness or laminitis in any groups and there were no changes in feed conversion ratio (FCR). The total methane emission (-77.11%) and the methane emission per dry matter intake (DMI; -57.12 %), per average daily weight gain (ADG; -71.11%) and per kilogram of carcass (-70.07%) were different between treatments (P < 0.0001), resulting in decreased emission intensities for group fed without roughage with diet containing ionized amino acids. We conclude that fed without roughage with diet containing ionized amino acids was an effective strategy as an antibiotic alternative, mitigate GHG emissions and facilitate feedlot diets management. In field conditions, the roughage-lacking diets represent advantage, especially regarding its administration to a large amount of the animals just once a week or less, no need area, infra-structure and expertise to produce, preserve and feeding roughage.

Impact of International Trade on the Carbon Intensity of Human Well-Being

There has been a longstanding debate about the impact of international trade on the environment and human well-being, yet there is little known about such environment and human well-being trade-off. Here, we explore the effect of international trade on the carbon intensity of human well-being (CIWB) globally under the current global trade system and a hypothetical no-trade scenario. We found that between 1995 and 2015, CIWB of 41% of countries declined and 59% of countries increased, caused by international trade, and this resulted in a reduction of the global CIWB and a decline in CIWB inequality between countries. International trade decreased CIWB for high- and upper-middle-income countries and increased CIWB for lower- and middle-income countries. In addition, our results also show that decreases in emission intensity are the most important driver of lower CIWB and the percentage contribution of emission intensity to the improvement in CIWB increases with income. The reduction of emission intensity, population growth, and increase in life expectancy all contribute to CIWB reduction, while the consumption level is the primary factor driving CIWB growth. Our results underscore the importance of studying the impact of international trade on the CIWB of countries at different stages of development.

Tuning the Thermometric Features in 1D Luminescent EuIII and TbIII Coordination Polymers through Different Bridge Phosphine Oxide Ligands.

TbIII and EuIII systems have been investigated as ratiometric luminescent temperature probes in luminescent coordination polymers due to TbIII → EuIII energy transfer (ET). To help understand how ion-ion separation, chain conformation as well as excitation channel impact their thermometric properties, herein, [Eu(tfaa)3(μ-L)Tb(tfaa)3]n one-dimensional (1D) coordination polymers (tfaa- = trifluoroacetylacetonate, and L = [(diphenylphosphoryl)R](diphenyl)phosphine oxide, R = ethyl - dppeo - or butyl - dppbo) were synthesized. The short μ-dppeo bridge ligand leads to a more linear 1D polymeric chain, while the longer μ-dppbo bridge leads to tighter packed chains. As the temperature rises from 80 K, upon direct TbIII excitation at 488 nm, the TbIII emission intensity decreases, while the EuIII emission intensity increases after 160 and 200 K when L = dppeo or dppbo, respectively. The temperature-dependent emission intensities, due to TbIII → EuIII ET, enable the development of ratiometric luminescent temperature probes featuring maximum relative thermal sensitivity up to 3.8% K-1 (250 K, L = dppbo, excitation at 488 nm). On the other hand, the same system displays maximum thermal sensitivity up to 3.5% K-1 (323 K) upon ligand excitation at 300 nm. Thus, by changing the excitation channel and bridge ligand that leads to modification of the polymer conformations, the maximum relative thermal sensitivity can be tuned.

Effect of Nd3+ Doping on Structural, Near-Infrared, and Cathodoluminescent Properties for Cadmium Tantalate Phosphors

Cd1-xTa2O6:xNd3+ (x=0.5, 1.5, 3, 5, 7, and 10 mol%) phosphor series were fabricated by conventional solid state method at 1100 °C for 17 hours. The samples of cadmium tantalate were investigated by structural (XRD, SEM) and spectroscopic (CL, PL) analyses. In XRD results, the symmetry of CdTa2O6 phase with orthorhombic columbite structure was confirmed between 0.5 and 10 mol% Nd3+ doping concentrations. SEM analysis of the grains revealed round and shapeless morphology while grain sizes ranged from submicron to several microns. The emission spectra of Cd1-xTa2O6:xNd3+ (x=0.5, 1.5, 3, 5, 7 and 10 mol%) phosphor series recorded with the transitions of 4F3/2→4I9/2 and 4F3/2→4I11/2. Among these transitions, the transition 4F3/2→4I9/2 (at 889 nm) has a high near-infrared emission intensity, which can be attributed to the laser potential of the phosphor. The NIR emission of the phosphor increased with increasing concentration of Nd3+ up to 5 mol% and then declined because of concentration quenching phenomenon. The CL emission peak at about 450 nm found in all samples is related to the intrinsic emission of the cadmium tantalate host. In addition, Nd3+ doped phosphors exhibited the 4F3/2→4I9/2 transition of Nd3+ and defect-related CL emissions at 670 nm. Decreasing crystallinity with increasing Nd3+ concentration caused a decrease in host emission intensity at 450 nm.

Target-cycling synchronized rolling circle amplification strategy for biosensing Helicobacter pylori DNA.

Helicobacter pylori is closely linked to many gastric diseases such as gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers. Therefore, biosensing H. pylori has attracted wide attention from both scientists and clinicians. Here, we proposed an electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based platform that could sensitively detect H. pylori DNA. In this platform, a novel target-cycling synchronized rolling circle amplification was used for signal amplification. Silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs) were synthesized on the circle DNA products, embedding them with the ability to catalyze the electrochemical reduction of K2 S2 O8 , in turn resulting in rapid consumption of the ECL co-reactant near the working electrode, and leading to a decrease in the ECL emission intensity. In addition to its excellent stability and selectivity, the proposed strategy had a low detection limit of 10 pM, an indication that it can be beneficially applied to test biosamples. Furthermore, a biosensing chip was designed to improve the throughput and shed new light on large-scale clinical biosensing applications.

Refined assessment and decomposition analysis of carbon emissions in high-energy intensive industrial sectors in China

Carbon emissions from high-energy intensive industrial sectors are the focus of this study due to the huge energy consumption of these sectors. A refined carbon emission inventory of Chinese high-energy intensive industrial sectors in 2020 was first developed at the point source level. The results showed that coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) were the leading contributors to carbon emissions, followed by iron and steel smelting (ISS) and cement production (CMP). Provinces with high carbon emission intensity were mainly concentrated in the north and northeast coasts, while exhibiting a developed economic level and a concentration of heavy industries. Additionally, the growth in China's industrial carbon emissions from 1995 to 2020 can be divided into three phases. The largest decrease in emission intensity was observed in Central, Southwest, North, and East China. Furthermore, the economic structure remained the dominant driver of carbon emissions from the 10th to 13th Five-Year Plan (FYP), playing a positive promotional role. The contribution of economic structure, energy intensity, and energy structure to carbon emissions varied substantially by region and period. With the proposal of sustainable development and energy conservation in China, the influence of economic structure on the carbon emissions of industrial sectors has gradually weakened since the 11th FYP. The reduction in industrial carbon emissions in China under three scenarios could reach up to 46.6 % from 2030 to 2050. The results indicate that industrial carbon emission control in China needs to be integrated into the refined control pathway for conventional air pollutants, considering the spatial variability of industrial carbon emissions in China.