Emergent Ones Research Articles

Conversazione con Bianca Beccalli. Genere, lavoro, rappresentanza e politiche pubbliche

The paper’s title evokes a conversation; in fact it has been constructed like a joint revisitation of Bianca Beccalli’s forty years work on labour, gender, and politics, reconsidering old challenges and facing emergent ones. The paper deals with two levels of analysis: a historical and sociological interpretation of social movements, work, and politics on the one side, while dealing on the other side with the parallel development of concepts and categories. The two levels intertwine since theories emerged out of the influence of historical developments. But they also had some influence on the course of events, as it often happens in social sciences: equality versus difference, sex and gender, the definition of justice, equal opportunities, and capabilities are good example of the continuing interface between historical facts and conceptual categories. At the end, the authors consider the 2017 mobilisation around the international women workers’ day of the 8th of March, which involve different types of working and non-working women bringing up new issues and new forms of collective actions. (Less)

Consequences of three modified forms of holographic dark energy models in bulk–brane interaction

In this paper, we study the effects that are produced by the interaction between a brane Universe and the bulk in which the Universe is embedded. Taking into account the effects produced by the interaction between a brane Universe and the bulk, we derived the equation of state parameter ωD for three different models of dark energy (DE): holographic DE model with infrared cutoff given by the Granda–Oliveros cutoff, the modified holographic Ricci DE model, and a DE model that is a function of the Hubble parameter H squared and to higher derivatives of H. Moreover, we have considered two different cases of scale factor (namely, the power law and the emergent ones). A nontrivial contribution of the DE is observed to be different from the standard matter fields confined to the brane. Such contribution has a monotonically decreasing behavior upon the evolution of the Universe for the emergent scenario of the scale factor, while monotonically increasing for the power-law form of the scale factor a(t).

Path dependence and change in the Spanish port system in the long run (1880–2014): An historical perspective

The aim of this article is to describe and explain the evolution of the Spanish port system and its main ports over the long run. Building on the literature on path dependence and port evolution, we set up an analytical framework with three broad driving factors – economic, technological and institutional – in order to explain path dependence and change in the ranking of the largest Spanish ports. The port system shows a trend towards de-concentration between 1880 and 1990, mainly due to the decline of former leading ports in the first half of the twentieth century and by the appearance of emergent ones in the second half of that century. Besides, there is a small club of leading ports that have managed to maintain themselves among the top ten throughout this period.

Health risk assessment for the consumption of fresh and preserved fish (Alosa agone) from Lago di Como (Northern Italy)

BackgroundAlthough banned in many countries for decades, DDTs and PCBs still represent a global threat to food safety. As these contaminants are still present in aquatic ecosystems, fish can be an important contributor to their total dietary intake. ObjectivesAlosa agone specimens were sampled over a period of 10 years (from 2006 to 2015) to provide a representative overview of the DDT and PCB levels of Lago di Como, a deep Italian lake where a DDT input due to secondary sources was observed in recent years. The potential health risk from the consumption of both fresh and preserved fish was evaluated. ResultsWhile DDT levels have generally decreased during the monitored period, reaching quite stable levels, PCB concentrations were variable, with values exceeding, in some cases, the European Union limit for human consumption and enabling potential carcinogenic effects. However, typical local processing of this fish species markedly appeared to decrease these contaminant levels, thus making the fish product (called missoltino) a safer food. ConclusionsThe results of this work highlighted the need of continuous biomonitoring of those contaminants considered a past issue along with the emergent ones.

Medical Simulation Technology

Abstract Medical simulation technology as a whole allows the clinical situation to be better understood, controlled, and practiced and is a reproduction of reality that provides a replication of clinical situations through the use of interactive videos, mannequins, and role playing (Cannon-Diehl, 2009). With the use of medical simulation technology, learners are able to practice skills and role-play different scenarios without causing harm to a patient, thus lessening stressful experiences during similar real-life situations (Hebda & Czar, 2013). This practice helps to improve the quality of care given to patients and, in turn, helps to save lives. Simulation also leads to increased confidence and skills of participants. With an ever increasing importance placed on patient outcomes in regard to reimbursement from insurance companies and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, it is the responsibility of all medical professionals to perform at peak levels during all patient care situations, especially during emergent ones. This harkens back to both the Hippocratic Oath and the Nightingale Pledge in which respondents promise to practice to the best of their abilities and keep the patient's best interest in mind (American Nurses Association, 2012). The opportunity to participate in simulation allows these oaths to be upheld and patients to be cared for by practitioners who are comfortable conducting themselves appropriately and competently within high-stress situations.

“Data Journalism”, an investigation Practice? A glance at the German and Greek cases

This contribution explores the links between the traditional work routines in investigative journalism and those, emergent ones, in « data journalism ». How do the European journalistic cultures react to this phenomenon, widely considered as a potential vector of profound destabilization of the established professional practices of the field and thus redefining the – fuzzy per se – contours of a profession that is already questioning its future? The issue here is to examine the extent to which the discourse on « data journalism » also reflects investigation practices and, through it, the professional ethics and journalistic ideals. With this intention, we put in parallel two European cases, namely the German the Greek one. The comparison of the two cases, by getting into the details of this proximity, clarifies the structuring of a professional discourse, the imaginaires feeding it on, and highlights - through the rhetoric of visualization – how the implicit dimension in the discourse about “data journalism” relates to a great extent to the way the information is given to read.This contribution explores the links between the traditional work routines in investigative journalism and those, emergent ones, in « data journalism ». How do the European journalistic cultures react to this phenomenon, widely considered as a potential vector of profound destabilization of the established professional practices of the field and thus redefining the – fuzzy per se – contours of a profession that is already questioning its future? The issue here is to examine the extent to which the discourse on « data journalism » also reflects investigation practices and, through it, the professional ethics and journalistic ideals. With this intention, we put in parallel two European cases, namely the German the Greek one. The comparison of the two cases, by getting into the details of this proximity, clarifies the structuring of a professional discourse, the imaginaires feeding it on, and highlights - through the rhetoric of visualization – how the implicit dimension in the discourse about “data journalism” relates to a great extent to the way the information is given to read.

Particle mechanics approach to continuum constitutive modelling

A new type of constitutive model is proposed for soils, based on three foundations. The first foundation involves a new approach to Cauchy’s concept of stress, based on a way of organizing particle mechanical information. This leads to a description of effective stress that is consistent with Terzaghi’s principle but contains more information than a tensor. The second foundation involves the load-spreading and displacement-spreading effects of particles in an aggregate. The third foundation takes account of recent proposals in the thermomechanics of granular media. A simple model is then proposed based on expectations inferred from published data of asymptotic proportional straining. Validation calculations are presented showing realistic predictions for monotonic and cyclic plasticity, critical states, dilation, induced anisotropy and non-coaxiality as a result of principal axis rotation. The model suggests that a yield envelope, plastic flow and critical states are not fundamental properties but emergent ones. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of possibilities for further developments.

Classic and emergent psychosocial work factors and mental health.

Little is known about associations between emergent psychosocial work factors and mental health. To explore associations between classical and emergent psychosocial work factors and depression and anxiety symptoms in employees in France. A national cross-sectional study (the SUrveillance Médicale des Expositions aux Risques professionnels (SUMER) survey) assessed psychosocial work factors including psychological demands, decision latitude, social support, reward and its sub-dimensions (esteem, job security and job promotion), bullying, verbal abuse, physical violence and sexual assault, long working hours, shift and night work, unsociable work days, predictability and demands for responsibility. We also measured depression and anxiety symptoms using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. We used gender-stratified generalized linear models to adjust for age, occupation and economic activity. A total of 26883 men and 20079 women participated (response rate 87%). Low decision latitude, high psychological demands, low social support, low reward, bullying and verbal abuse were associated with depression and anxiety in both genders (β coefficients from 0.14 to 1.40). In men, low predictability was associated with both depression and anxiety (β = 0.12 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01, 0.24] and 0.19 [95% CI 0.06, 0.32]) and long working hours were associated with anxiety (β = 0.48 [95% CI 0.27, 0.69]). The strongest associations were observed for bullying, reward (especially esteem) and psychological demands. Using a less conservative approach, we found more factors to be significantly associated with mental health symptoms. Most psychosocial work factors studied are associated with depression and/or anxiety symptoms. Comprehensive prevention policies may help to reduce exposure to psychosocial work factors, including emergent ones, and improve mental health at work.

Planning and heritage

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce the papers selected for the present special issue on planning and heritage. This paper aims at advancing knowledge about the variety of uses and meanings of planning tools and practices in the cultural heritage field, by bridging disciplines and by building on evidence from the studies composing the special issue. Design/methodology/approach – After a review of the debate on planning in management studies, the paper briefly outlines the features of the five selected papers and it reconstructs a composite narrative on planning in cultural heritage, as it emerges from the collected papers taken together. Findings – In the fields of both management and urban studies a similar trajectory of “rise and fall” of rationalistic views of planning has taken place. Today's discourse of planning in urban studies is strongly dominated by the issue of inclusiveness and participation. When looking at “who” really participates in these processes, it is clear that a vast array of public and private actors is involved, at least formally. When looking at “how” they are involved, a variety of possible approaches to participative planning are in use, from more formal, to more informal and emergent ones. Whether these participative forms of planning in cultural heritage actually “work” remains in part an open question. Originality/value – Despite the increasing centrality of plans and planning in cultural heritage management, an investigation about the state-of-the-art of the debate on planning in this field and an exploration of how planning is done in practice are missing.

Re-presenting the margins: revisiting the Scottish countryside in L. G. Gibbon’s Sunset Song

In his The Politics of Modernism: Against the New Conformists Raymond Williams comments on the gradual institutionalisation of the dominant (Anglo-American) version of modernism and the cooption of its subversive possibilities by the capitalist market dynamics, which it at least in some forms tried to challenge, or bypass, in the initial phase of its emergence in the late nineteenth-early twentieth century (Politics 35). As several critics have amply demonstrated, one of the defining features of this ‘established,’ market-governed tradition of modernism was a many-pronged ideological ambivalence in its response to social modernity. Such ambivalence or inbetweenness of the modernists, which stands in conspicuous contrast to their aesthetic radicalism, as Williams has argued, was a part of the broader ‘structure of feeling’ of dominant cultural formations in their clash with emergent ones at a specific historical context. Hence Williams’ suggestion that artistic and other institutional practices, ‘these laws, constitutions, theories, ideologies, which are so often claimed as natural, or as having universal validity or significance, simply have to be seen as expressing and ratifying the domination of a particular class’ (Problems 36-37). The dominant modernist discourses, more often than not, either prioritized the middle classes over the working classes, the masculine over the feminine, the urban over the provincial, the elite over the popular, or took an ambivalent stance in times of conflict between the two poles of these dyads. The crises the hegemonic class, gender or space faced at the turn of the century and the culture of negotiations, new compromises and new institutional practices the crises generated have been subjects of extensive critical enquiry in several disciplines. The historian Eric Hobsbawm, for one example, has devoted an entire chapter, ‘Who’s Who or the Uncertainties of the Bourgeoisie’ in his The Age of Empire 1875-1914 (165-91) to understand the nature of the culture of ambivalence which was one of the products of this crisis.

The Passion of Oroonoko : Passive Obedience, The Royal Slave, and Aphra Behn's Baroque Realism

The Passion of Oroonoko situatues Aphra Behn's novella Oroonoko (1689) within the context of debates about passive obedience and political obligation during the Revolution of 1688-9. It argues that Oroonoko leverages residual theories and forms of representing human action (baroque allegory, romance, patriarchal theories of obligation) against emergent ones (realism, novels, individuality) ultimately demonstrating that the natural fact (or natural law) of human passivity inevitability prevails.

What Did Stinchcombe Really Mean? Designing Research to Test the Liability of Newness among New Ventures

Despite decades of research since Stinchcombe’s original essay on the liability of newness, questions remain regarding the forms and the causes of emerging organizations’ liabilities. Stinchcombe argued that newly-founded organizations face complex challenges that limit their viability, including managing relationships among strangers, assembling required resources quickly, and coping with difficult environments. In the 1980s researchers began investigating whether the liability of newness really was, in fact, a universal principle. However, we believe that researchers have never properly tested Stinchcombe’s original propositions because they have mostly focused on registered new firms rather than emergent ones. Lacking a clear theoretical framework that explains emerging organizations’ liabilities, the field of entrepreneurship has ignored Stinchcombe’s emphasis on emerging organizations. Research on emerging organizations needs to pay more attention to the pragmatic tasks that nascent entrepreneurs cope with and the activities that they undertake to accomplish these tasks. In addition to a systematic conceptual framework, future research on the “liability of newness” also requires a suitable research design and appropriate statistical procedures. Were investigators to follow the suggestions we have offered, we believe that scholars would gain a better understanding of the conditions under which some emerging organizations are more likely than others to survive.

Upgrade Opportunities for Buildings in City Centres

This proposal focus on the potential of the existing upgrade process in achieving the 20-20-20 goals, as are the biggest energy consumers, the most significant built area and the better placed within our cities. These frequently lack basic maintenance and need intervention, but include within themselves a vast amount of incorporated energy and centuries of construction knowledge. Beyond the advantages that may result from re-attracting people back into the city centre, existing can also have positive bounce-back effect on the reduction of the energy needs related to transportation, as demonstrated in studies that alert to the impact of the sprawl in the total energy use. As buildings account for 40 % of total energy consumption in the Union, the better performance of this sector has a significant role, remembering that these requirements shall take account of general indoor climate conditions, in order to avoid possible negative effects such as inadequate ventilation, as well as local conditions and the designated function and the age of the building (1). The importance of upgrading the existing resides on the fact that new represent only approximately 1 or 2% of the total usable area, an estimate that is bound to decrease due to the current construction crisis. While the recent tend to be more efficient, the numerous existing are important stakeholders due to their massive consumptions and incorporated energy. The ongoing Annex 56 on Energy & Greenhouse Gas Optimized Building Renovation assumes that Current standards do not respond effectively to the numerous constraints imposed by existing and in many cases, the requirements result in very expensive measures and complex procedures, seldom accepted by occupants, owners or developers. It is then urgent for the new standards to respond to constraints and to develop good practice guides that integrate appropriate, applicable and cost effective technologies (existing or emergent ones) (2). Many existing that we still recognize assimilated the introduction of water networks and wastewater disposal, electricity and artificial lighting, new people and new uses. It is now time to help to embrace the XXI century revolution of smart cities while keeping our visible memory alive.

Responsiveness As Antecedent Of Satisfaction And Referrals In Financial Services Marketing: Empirical Evidence From An Emergent Economy

Financial institutions across the globe are still recovering from the meltdown of 2008 and several nations continue their struggle to stabilize national economies. However, there might be some important lessons to be learned from this debacle. Some economies, notably the emergent ones, were more resilient to this slowdown than the developed ones. In fact, the banking sector in some of these economies posted a robust growth in spite of the downturn in global banking. We report on a detailed study of a multinational bank operating in the emergent economy of India with a random national sample of over 9,000 of their customers. Our research provides valuable insights into a market driven banks drive for customer satisfaction and referrals and examines antecedents and consequences of such initiatives. We provide empirical evidence suggesting that responsiveness to customer enquiries and complaints might be a strong driver of customer satisfaction, irrespective of the outcome of the resolution process. Our finding that responsiveness supersedes a positive outcome in service provider-customer conflict resolution is a contribution of this research to extant literature with important strategic and managerial implications for firms.

Time Elapsed From AML Diagnosis to Induction Chemotherapy Affects Overall Survival

Abstract 4262AML is a heterogeneous group of genetically diverse hematopoietic malignancies arising from blood cell progenitors and is considered an oncologic emergency. Patients present prognostic characteristics (specifically karyotype and age) that influence OS. Substantial progress achieved in AML therapy includes early chemotherapy initiation, aggressive large broad antibiotic usage, early antifungal prescription, RBC and platelet transfusions, HSCT, and development of new drugs. Most published AML data are from developed countries and only a few are from emergent ones in which the overall context is distinct. We aimed to study the effect of elapsed time from AML diagnosis to treatment (TDT) on OS in a group of patients from public Hospital Sao Paulo, Brazil. 41 consecutively AML patients were selected (23 males and 18 females, median age: 41 yrs, range 18 – 84 yrs) from Jan 1st, 2001 to Mar 31st, 2004 and last contact was on Jul 24th, 2011. AML diagnosis was set according to WHO classification and by G-banding karyotype (ISCN, 2009). Cytogenetic risk classification categories were adapted from MRC (Grimwade et al). Patients were treated with 3+7 daunorubicin (45mg/m2/d/3d), APL patients received ATRA-based regimen (Ruutu et al). Kaplan-Meier and student t-test were used. Results:38 were de novo AML and 3 secondary, median pretreatment WBC was 9.1/μ L (range 0.5–240/ μ L), median TDT was 6 days (range 1–82 d); 26 patients were young (<60yrs) and 15 old (>60 yrs). Cytogenetic risk distribution was: favorable 20.7%; intermediate 27.6%; unfavorable 27.6% and no metaphases 27.6%. 20 patients achieved CR (48.7%): 61.5% in the young group and 26.6% in the old. Median survival was 26.8 weeks (figure 1), 33 weeks for the young group and 10.7 weeks for the old (p =0.034). No statistical differences were found in Hb, WBC and platelet count among groups. Young patients tended to be treated earlier than old ones (TDT 4 days vs 11, p=0.07). An inverse correlation was seen in TDT with age, leukocyte, CR and OS. Longer TDT (> 10 d) was associated with worse CR rates (p=0.02) and OS (p=0.04). When patients were categorized into TDT from 1–4 d (I) vs > 5 (II), those from I presented better OS than II (p=0.004). When TDT was longer than 7 days OS decreased even more. Hb was higher in patients with TDT I vs II (8.3 vs 7.5 g/dL, p=0.03) but WBC (p=0.34) and platelet count (p=0.75) were not different. Patients with TDT of 10 d were younger than TDT >10 d (median age 41 vs 70 yrs, p=0.001). For the entire AML cohort OS was 15.1% in 2 yrs and 8.6% in 7 yrs. Discussion:The results showed that less than half of the patients reached CR. Younger patients presented better CR than elderly and this is similar to other series (Appelbaum et al; Juliusson et al). Despite chemotherapy regimen younger patients presented poorer OS compared to Northern Hemisphere series (Juliusson G et al). Several reasons account for such results: poorer PS, delayed diagnosis and bleeding and infectious complications. Elderly patients who were treated presented dismal OS and notably a median TDT almost three times longer than younger. Reasons for a longer TDT in AML were: significant comorbidities, severe infectious complications, and delay to start chemotherapy due to logistics reasons and the need to involve caregivers and family members to aid in decision making process. With more comorbidity in elderly population, reluctance toward intensive therapy is common and probable medical decision is critical with this.Therefore measures to shorten the TDT should be taken: address rapid AML diagnosis, evaluate and treat comorbidities, and develop a supportive and continuous system to promote early AML diagnosis and prompt treatment. Our data suggest longer TDT, when analyzed continuously, predicted for lower CR rates and OS rates therefore we need to address identify factors and start therapeutic measures to aid decision making and improve OS in AML patients in our country. Disclosures:No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Perfil sociodemográfico e profissional de fisioterapeutas e origem das suas concepções sobre ética

INTRODUÇÃO: Os estudos sobre o perfil de profissionais de saúde são informações relevantes para possibilitar aos órgãos de saúde, às instituições de ensino e aos órgãos de classe o planejamento de ações assistenciais e educativas. As ações em saúde e suas avaliações precisam levar em consideração o perfil dos profissionais disponíveis e o contexto macroeconômico de determinados grupos, de acordo com a época e a região em que se encontram, para o sucesso e a qualidade das atividades planejadas. OBJETIVO: Conhecer o perfil sociodemográfico e profissional dos fisioterapeutas que atuam na cidade de Santa Maria, RS, e a origem de suas concepções sobre ética. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal e descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Participaram da pesquisa fisioterapeutas no exercício de atividades assistenciais e/ou educativas no campo da fisioterapia. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário semiestruturado, construído para essa finalidade. Para processamento e análise dos dados utilizou-se o banco de dados Microsoft® Excel 2002 e o pacote estatístico SAS (Statistical Analysis System), versão 8.02. RESULTADOS: A amostra consistiu de 167 fisioterapeutas, em sua maioria adultos jovens, entre 22 e 35 anos (60%), sendo 83% mulheres. Os fisioterapeutas atuavam predominantemente de forma autônoma, sem vínculo empregatício (52,4%), e também em serviços públicos (23,5%) e privados (20,5%); atendiam em domicílio, em clínicas e consultórios com maior frequência; e possuíam capacitação em diversos níveis e áreas. A área músculo-esquelética figurou como a de maior demanda de serviço, sendo, consequentemente, a mais procurada para a realização de especialização. A clientela predominante era de adultos, mulheres e idosos. Os conhecimentos sobre ética, em geral, eram provenientes da família e dos desafios colocados pela prática profissional. CONCLUSÃO: No exercício da profissão predominam os profissionais jovens, embora haja uma parcela significativa de fisioterapeutas experientes e renomados. O processo de crescimento da profissão é constante, tanto em áreas já consagradas como nas emergentes. Todavia, as questões éticas precisam ser mais discutidas tanto na formação acadêmica quanto nas atividades cotidianas.

Changes In Financial And Accounting Environment In Albania And The Impact On Practitioners

This paper presents a theoretical discussion about the organization of the professions of accounting and auditing in Albania and the most recent changes that have encompassed the Albanian financial and accounting landscape after the implementation of new accounting standards, the increased requirements for electronic financial and tax reporting and the ongoing improvement and adaptation of the higher education curricula. All these factors present major challenges for the field practitioners in accounting and auditing. We try to identify which are the most prominent challenges faced by the practitioners today and identify that the ICT impact, ethical values and the globalization trend in accounting and financial reporting are some of the most emergent ones. These factors make the work of the practitioners more and more demanding and as it seems difficult to remain competitive in such a dynamic environment, we conclude with the recommendations that the curricula of the financial and accounting higher education should be adapted to include topics such as IAS/IFRS, ICT, Code of Ethics and that the professional accountancy and auditing organizations in Albania should provide ongoing training and qualification sessions on the same topics to the existing practitioners.

Polyploidy and ecological transfiguration inAchillea

Polyploidy is a prominent chromosomal/genetical feature in most flowering plant groups (1, 2). Change in the number of chromosome sets (and thus gene dosage) is an important factor in the genesis of new species, in part because plants with higher ploidal levels often have ecological tolerances that differ from those of their progenitors. Plant evolutionists have been very interested in the origin of such differences, which may arise in two distinctive ways (3, 4). In the absence of hybridization, ecological divergence may be a simple by-product of change in ploidal level. Ecological divergence also may arise from natural selection acting on polyploid populations. It is impossible to distinguish between these alternatives from studies of two established entities that may have diverged in ploidal level thousands of years ago. In PNAS, Ramsey (5) demonstrates that a ploidal increase alone indeed may allow the invasion of a habitat that was previously unassailable by a long-established species. This study also demonstrates that long-standing polyploids are better adapted to this new habitat than are newly emergent ones.

Compartilhamento de risco na América Latina

This work sought to characterize the risk sharing in Latin America, utilizing income and consumption per capita of 18 latin american, 6 developed and 11 emerging countries, over the period of 1951-2003. The methodology used data in panel, cointegration and error-correction model. Observed that the risk sharing in Latin America, in general, is low. Intra Latin America, it was 20% in short term and 7% in long term. Intra Latin America and inter developed countries, 15% in short term and 4% in the long term. Intra Latin America and inter developed countries plus the emergent ones, 15% in short term and 13% in the long term. By results, a bigger financial integration of Latin America, intra and intercountries, more specifically with emerging countries, would promote bigger smoothing of its consumption.

Clinical outcome of mitral valve repair in primary infective endocarditis with mitral insufficiency

To study the clinical results of mitral valve repair in patients of primary infective endocarditis with mitral insufficiency. From January 2004 to July 2007, 40 patients who had undergone valve repair procedure for infective endocarditis with mitral insufficiency were analyzed retrospectively. There were 26 male and 14 female patients, with an average age of (34.0 +/- 3.5) years old, including 6 patients of underlying heart disease, 34 patients of no previously underlying heart disease. There were 12 patients in NYHA functional class II, 19 patients in class III, 9 patients in class IV preoperatively. Preoperative echocardiography showed moderate to severe MR in all patients. The surgery was performed under extracorporeal circulation and moderate hypothermia. The distribution of anatomical lesion according to surgical findings were vegetation in 32 patients, leaflet prolapsed in 34 patients, leaflet perforation in 16 patients, chordal rupture in 32 patients, and annular abscess in 2 patients. The vegetations and infected tissues were debrided. The surgery consisted of complex methods to repair mitral valve, including direction leaflet closure in 5 patients, pericardial patch closure of leaflet perforation in 18 patients, chords reimplantation in 4 patients and chords transference in 6 patients, quadrangular resection in 12 patients, double orifice method in 17, closure of the commissure in 8, rings annuloplasty in 28 cases, and so on. There were 28 selective surgeries and 12 emergent ones. Patients were evaluated for early and long-term clinic and echocardiographic outcome before and after operation. There were no early postoperative death. Mitral valve repair was feasible in 39 patients, one patient was transformed to mitral valve replacement during the operation. Postoperative echocardiography demonstrated no (n = 24) or mild (n = 15) mitral regurgitation at the discharge examination and observed significant reductions in left ventricular end diastolic [from (62 +/- 7) mm to (51 +/- 6) mm, P < 0.05] and end systolic dimensions [from (45 +/- 3) mm to (40 +/- 4) mm, P < 0.05] and left atrial dimensions [from (49 +/- 4) mm to (42 +/- 6) mm, P < 0.05]. Mean follow-up (25.6 +/- 3.2) months, freedom from recurrent moderate to severe MR, freedom from repeat operation or infective endocarditis, revealed patients were 36 cases in NYHY class I, 3 cases in class II. Mitral valve repair for mitral valve endocarditis is feasible with a satisfied clinical outcome, maintains valve competency with significant reductions in left atrial and left ventricular dimensions after surgery.