Emergency Warning Research Articles

VANET: Framework, Challenges and Applications

Abstract: Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is one of the essential research field because of large increase in usage of vehicles on road. Many VANET applications are employed to improve road safety conditions, vehicle traffic, an emergency warning to vehicle drivers, collision avoidance and other non-safety applications for comfort. The main aim of these applications are to modernize the various processes associated with road traffic, vehicles, drivers, passengers and pedestrians by implementing smart transport systems. This study is to implement an intelligent vehicular transport design to improve the road safety, navigation and comfort. VANET communication technology is a combination of mobile vehicles with ad hoc networks. The purpose of this research is to predict and prevent road accidents by transmitting emergency messages using vehicular network technology. While transmitting emergency messages, the VANET has various challenges. They are High mobility of the vehicles, Dynamic topology, Wireless communication, Minimum transmission delay, Connectivity of the network, optimal usage of transmission power. These challenges leave the vehicular networking disconnected and make an exchange of information very difficult. Even though many researchers have done significant work during the last decade on vehicular networking, some problems have not yet been solved.

VANET: Framework, Challenges and Applications

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is one of the essential research field because of large increase in usage of vehicles on road. Many VANET applications are employed to improve road safety conditions, vehicle traffic, an emergency warning to vehicle drivers, collision avoidance and other non-safety applications for comfort. The main aim of these applications are to modernize the various processes associated with road traffic, vehicles, drivers, passengers and pedestrians by implementing smart transport systems. This study is to implement an intelligent vehicular transport design to improve the road safety, navigation and comfort. VANET communication technology is a combination of mobile vehicles with ad hoc networks. The purpose of this research is to predict and prevent road accidents by transmitting emergency messages using vehicular network technology. While transmitting emergency messages, the VANET has various challenges. They are High mobility of the vehicles, Dynamic topology, Wireless communication, Minimum transmission delay, Connectivity of the network, optimal usage of transmission power. These challenges leave the vehicular networking disconnected and make an exchange of information very difficult. Even though many researchers have done significant work during the last decade on vehicular networking, some problems have not yet been solved.

A detection method of the turned white belly fish based on improved SSD

Aquaculture water pollution and fish disease caused the phenomenon of fish turning white belly. The accurate detection of the phenomenon of fish turning white belly was of great significance for emergency warning, reducing loss and improving the quality of aquatic products. There were few studies on the detection of the turned white belly fish in the fish swarm. The current research was mainly to identify single the turned white belly fish under a simple background, which was not applicable in the real aquaculture environment. In order to solve the above problems, a detection method of the white belly fish based on improved SSD was proposed in a complex environment. Crucian carp was taken as the experimental object and the proposed detection method of the turned white belly fish had been tested on the real dataset. The results showed that the average detection accuracy of white-bellied fish was 99.8%, and the average detection accuracy of normal fish was 98.8%, which was suitable for the complex environment with high breeding density and many interferences.

Warning dissemination and public response in China’s new warning system: evidence from a strong convective event in Qingdao City

The Chinese national emergency warning system has been officially launched since 2015 to provide multi-hazard warnings to the public, but its efficiency and effectiveness remain unclear. Based on a dataset of 914 samples collected short after a hazardous convective weather event in Qingdao, this paper investigates the dissemination efficiency and behavior-changing effectiveness of various warning communication approaches used in the Chinese system. The results show that the total reception rate of meteorological warnings was 36%, yet to be improved. Out of the three communication approaches, direct transmission by officials was the most effective in fostering risk perception and stimulating behavior, but exhibited the lowest dissemination efficiency. Social diffusion also played a vital role in warning dissemination, followed by media relaying, but both lacked cognitive and behavioral effectiveness. Environmental cues served as an important source supplemental to meteorological warnings, but were subject to a high level of uncertainty and inconsistency. Finally, gender, age and education level of the warning recipients were found to influence the dissemination efficiency and behavioral effectiveness of the three warning approaches to varied extent. These results are partially consistent with previous findings in countries with well-developed warning systems, but shed light on the areas for further improvement of the Chinese warning system, as well as the establishment of efficient and effective new warning systems in other contexts.

Research on Monitoring System of Building Slope Deformation Based on Internet of Things

A building slope deformation monitoring system based on the Internet of Things technology was studied in this paper. Through the powerful data acquisition, storage, calculation and analysis capabilities of new technologies such as sensors, cloud computing, big data communication and visualization, and a variety of monitoring data acquisition instruments, sensors, communication terminals, cloud platform and other software and hardware resources as the carrier, it can realize real-time online equipment, continuous data acquisition, real-time calculation, data analysis, emergency warning, and the whole process of deformation monitoring services. Our research solves the deficiency of traditional technical means and effectively improves the timeliness, reliability and information level of construction slope deformation monitoring.

Musical Alarms: Improving Medical Environments by Studying Sound

Incessant ‘beeps’ from medical devices are an all-too-common feature of hospital environments. Whether monitoring patient vital signs or warning of imminent emergencies, they form an integral part of modern clinical practice. For historical reasons, these devices generally communicate using simplistic beeps. This creates significant problems for both clinicians (who can struggle to differentiate the messages) and patients (who find them annoying and frustrating). Dr Michael Schutz from McMaster University is applying insights from musicians’ use of sound to improve the quality of the auditory signals used in the life saving devices filling hospitals around the world.

Analysis of Knowledge Mapping Hotspots on Public Health Emergencies

To collect and analyze the research literature in the field of public health emergencies at home and abroad, in order to understand the research situation of public health emergencies in foreign countries, obtain the relevant experience of dealing with public health emergencies, and provide reference and inspiration for the relevant practice and research in China. Methods by using the methods of knowledge map visualization and literature analysis, the knowledge map was formed and visualized analysis was carried out. Conclusion the research content of foreign literature is relatively comprehensive and specific, showing diversified and specific characteristics, while the research content of Chinese literature is relatively simple. From the perspective of research focus, foreign research focuses on the construction of legal system, institutional system, material security system and education and training related to public health emergencies. Domestic research mainly focuses on strengthening the government's leading position in response to public health emergencies and the prediction and early warning mechanism, but the research content in the prediction and early warning of public health emergencies is not comprehensive.

An Efficient Cooperative Transmission Based Opportunistic Broadcast Scheme in VANETs

In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), quick and reliable multi-hop broadcasting is important for the dissemination of emergency warning messages. By scheduling multiple nodes to transmit messages concurrently and cooperatively, cooperative transmission based broadcast schemes may yield much better broadcast performance than conventional broadcast schemes. However, a cooperative transmission requires multiple relays to achieve strict synchronization on both time and frequency, which may induce high cost for a cooperative transmission process. In this paper, we analyze the cost and benefit of a cooperative transmission for data broadcasting in vehicular networks, and introduce a new metric called the single hop broadcast efficiency (SBE) to evaluate the overall broadcast performance. We propose an efficient, non-deterministic cooperation mechanism to reduce the cooperation cost. The mechanism maximizes the expected broadcast performance by selecting cooperators with the largest expected SBE value for a lead relay, and initiates cooperative broadcasting process when the expected SBE value is larger than that of a single-relay based broadcasting. Based on the non-deterministic mechanism, we propose an efficient, cooperative transmission based opportunistic broadcast (ECTOB) scheme which further utilizes rebroadcast to improve the reliability of the broadcast scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional ones.

Theoretical Logic and Practical Reflection of Embedding Big Data into Emergency Warning Mechanism

Theoretical Logic and Practical Reflection of Embedding Big Data into Emergency Warning Mechanism

AUSTRALIA-JAPAN QZSS EMERGENCY WARNING SERVICE TRIAL PROJECT

Abstract. This paper provides an overview and the results of the Australia-Japan 2020 Quasi Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) Emergency Warning System trial project. The project aimed to evaluate and demonstrate the feasibility of utilising the QZSS system to support emergency warning and response in Australia. The trial has focussed on bushfire and tsunami warnings with an emphasis on the message structure and standards for incorporation on the available signal bandwidth, and the spatial coverage extent of the messages. It also aimed to address the need for a space-based communication capability in Australia, which could potentially facilitate effective emergency warning system unconstrained by the limitations of terrestrial telecommunications.A newly dedicated MobileApp was developed to decode the warning message and visualise relevant information on a map. Two messages for bushfire and tsunami warnings were generated in Australia and sent to the QZSS ground station for satellite transmission. The developed application was tested in Victoria and New South Wales. The trial was successful in the sense that the emergency warning message could be received and decoded using the QZSS enabled receivers and the dedicated MobileApp. The field tests showed that the systems are capable of delivering the required information to users with the required timeliness and completeness. Several technical issues encountered during testing can be primarily attributed to the alpha state of the app, and the specific receiver used for testing. Neither of which are considered to be significant barriers to the on-going development of an operational satellite EWS system.

WITHDRAWN: Pattern analysis of literary works dissemination based on 5G network and visualization system

Visualization system modeling, the latest progress report on analysis and effective management of information, the Internet of Things (IOT) applied in the case of 5G access technology. It presents advanced applications possible embodiment fluoroscopy data from the femto cell and millimeter-wave communication network solutions, and generally continuously connected from the IoT. In order to ensure seamless and reliable dissemination payment process currently connect the 5G network system with traditional short distance communications that can be used in most automotive networks. Finally, dissemination designed the EWMS (Emergency Warning Messages) real-time localization algorithm to change the delivery rate, delay, hop count, and vehicular density of the message overlay, speed value, and selfish nodes based on network performance based on density parameters. Realistic vehicle movement traces are evaluated. In addition, we present a comparative study of the performance of the proposed project with the most advanced communication schemes in the state. Further, it describes a new architectural approach to rendering by the IoT and 5G mobile network, that includes a middleware requirements, the possibility of a new position of the frame central node, and a wide range of functions provided by an edge. By providing a mobile communication system researchers and professionals in emerging and stressed timely snapshot of the main hazards and possible solutions, the book fills an important gap in the literature, will promote the further development of the Internet of Things host device 5G. One of the main goals of the METIS-II project is to allow 5G ideas to reach a wider audience of non- industry decision makers persuaded. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to provide easy to understand 5G-rich visualization

До питання оцінювання впливу системи попередження про надзвичайні ситуації на потенційно-небезпечних об’єктах на спроможності військ (сил)

В статті досліджуються питання оцінювання впливу системи попередження про надзвичайні ситуації на потенційно-небезпечних об’єктах на спроможності військ (сил). Ефективне застосування військ (сил) в умовах виникнення надзвичайних ситуацій на потенційно-небезпечних об’єктах можливе тільки у разі обладнання місць розташування (базування) відповідними системами попередження. Ефективність системи попередження може бути оцінена ймовірнісним показником здатності даної системи виконувати покладені на неї завдання попередження військ (сил) про надзвичайні ситуації на потенційно-небезпечних об’єктах. Оцінювання ефективності системи попередження запропоновано здійснити відповідним показником, який залежить від імовірності сприйняття особовим складом сигналу попередження та ймовірності адекватної реакції особового складу на сигнал попередження.

Social media and early warning systems for natural disasters: A case study of Typhoon Etau in Japan

Due to the significant improvement of disaster-related information, further reduction of disaster risks re-quires not only governments to provide more scientifically accurate information but also the public to take appropriate action at the correct times. Meanwhile, there is ongoing work to integrate social media into Early Warning Systems (EWSs), but the ecology of social media information during crises remains poorly understood. This study seeks to understand public responses on social media to EWSs using the case of a 2015 typhoon (the Kanto-Tohoku Heavy Rain) in Japan. Using a corpus of 35 million tweets, computational methods such as topic modelling, and geospatial analysis we find that: 1) emergency warnings are likely to have people be more attentive to the warnings but this does not translate to an increased discussion of actions such as evacuation; 2) the expected shift of public attention (from awareness to preparation and then action) seems to happen on social media. Overall, we show that analysis of social media data can compliment tra-ditional survey-based approaches to understand how the public respond to information from Early Warning Systems.

Continuous In-Bed Monitoring of Vital Signs Using a Multi Radar Setup for Freely Moving Patients

In hospitals, continuous monitoring of vital parameters can provide valuable information about the course of a patient’s illness and allows early warning of emergencies. To enable such monitoring without restricting the patient’s freedom of movement and comfort, a radar system is attached under the mattress which consists of four individual radar modules to cover the entire width of the bed. Using radar, heartbeat and respiration can be measured without contact and through clothing. By processing the raw radar data, the presence of a patient can be determined and movements are categorized into the classes “bed exit”, “bed entry”, and “on bed movement”. Using this information, the vital parameters can be assessed in sections where the patient lies calmly in bed. In the first step, the presence and movement classification is demonstrated using recorded training and test data. Next, the radar was modified to perform vital sign measurements synchronized to a gold standard device. The evaluation of the individual radar modules shows that, regardless of the lying position of the test person, at least one of the radar modules delivers accurate results for continuous monitoring.

Research of Tunnel Full Band FM Broadcast Application

The paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the existing information service methods in the tunnel, and proposes the use of full-band FM broadcast for emergency information release. It can also cooperate with other systems to achieve integrated information release. This achievement forwards FM signals outside the tunnel in daily situations, and uses full-band FM to implement emergency information insertion in emergency situations, which not only improves the daily information service level but also implements the function of emergency warning, and effectively improves the level of tunnel safety.

A mathematical model for the diffusion of emergency warning messages during CBRNe emergencies

AbstractUnderstanding the diffusion of warning messages is essential to adequately respond to emergency events and situations. This is especially true in urgent scenarios, that is situations where external events are happening at the same rate or faster than the diffusion process itself. In this paper, an information diffusion model (Bass model) is proposed to study the spread of warning messages during emergencies involving urgent diffusion dynamics, for example a CBRNe event. In the present study, the Bass model is applied to two hazardous materials transportation accidents reported in the literature: the Pittsburgh phosphorus oxychloride release and the precautionary evacuation occurred in Confluence due to toxic chemicals released after a train derailment. Warning data collected from the two accidents and reported in published literature studies were used in this work and fitted with the Bass model. The diffusion of emergency warning messages is modelled as a two‐component system, where the spread of information is characterized by (a) a “broadcast process” that disseminates the emergency warning vertically (in the sense that many people are alerted simultaneously) and (b) a horizontal “contagion process” whereby people first hear of the event and then sequentially tell others (social media, word‐of‐mouth and peer‐to‐peer communication). The Bass model provided an excellent fit of the warning diffusion times related to both accidents suggesting that the very first phase of the warning process is sustained by a “broadcast” information diffusion process. However, after less than 1 hr from the beginning of the warning process the efficacy of its diffusion is dominated by the “contagion” component, that is the effectiveness of a robust social network between individuals. In conclusion, the Bass model proved to be a handy tool to assess epidemics spreading of information from the people who adopted the information. Our results suggest that the general Bass model applied to diffusion of emergency warning has the potential to provide key information in the management of emergencies. This approach can be applied right away by professional communicators, advisors and decision‐makers in case of a CBRNe event.

Position-sensitive spark sensor with spectral conversion of radiation

Numerical modeling is used to show that the sensor described herein is capable of an angular resolution of 0.1° when used in a small, position-sensitive spark sensor with an angular field of view of ±6.5∘. A spectral radiation converter in the form of a thin, high-persistence luminescent polymer film can be used to increase the sensor’s spatial resolution and sensitivity to brief electrical discharges. Testing with a prototype spark sensor indicated that the spatial resolution was sufficient to reliably determine the spatial location of the spark. These results can be used in the development of emergency warning equipment.

Real-time dissemination of emergency warning messages in 5G enabled selfish vehicular social networks

This paper addresses the issues of selfishness, limited network resources, and their adverse effects on real-time dissemination of Emergency Warning Messages (EWMs) in modern Autonomous Moving Platforms (AMPs) such as Vehicular Social Networks (VSNs). For this purpose, we propose a social intelligence based identification mechanism to differentiate between a selfish and a cooperative node in the network. Therefore, we devise a crowdsensing based mechanism to calculate a tie-strength value based on several social metrics. Moreover, we design a recursive evolutionary algorithm for each node’s reputation calculation and update. Given that, then we estimate each node’s state-transition probability to select a super-spreader for rapid dissemination. In order to ensure a seamless and reliable dissemination process, we incorporate 5G network structure instead of conventional short range communication which is used in most vehicular networks at present. Finally, we design a real-time dissemination algorithm for EWMs and evaluate its performance in terms of network parameters such as delivery-ratio, delay, hop-count, and message-overhead for varying values of vehicular density, speed, and selfish nodes’ density based on realistic vehicular mobility traces. In addition, we present a comparative analysis of the performance of the proposed scheme with state-of-the-art dissemination schemes in VSNs.

Clinical audit of a Paediatric Emergency Warning Score (PEWS) in the paediatric oncology unit of a newly established tertiary cancer institute

IntroductionPaediatric emergency scores have helped medical personnel to identify early signs of deterioration, thus bringing down the morbidity and mortality of children requiring more intensive care. AimsThe objective of the study was to introduce an assessment score (Paediatric Emergency Warning Score PEWS) for all paediatric oncology patients admitted to the ward and to audit the accuracy of scoring done by the nursing staff.The study also tried to find whether an emergency warning score could decrease the number of unplanned admissions to the PICU. Materials and methodsA number based PEWS was introduced to hospital over a period of 4 months. Case records were reviewed retrospectively before and after introduction of the PEWS.Statistical analysis was done by Chi-square test. ResultsPEWS was introduced from January 1 2018 to May 31st 2018 and 100% compliance in PEWS scoring was ensured. Out of the 234 admissions before introduction of the PEWS score, 14 children required to be shifted to Intensive unit. Out of this, 10 (4.2%) were planned and 4 (1.7%) were unplanned. Among the 727 admissions after the introduction of PEWS score, 28 were admitted for intensive care. There was only 1 (0.14%) unplanned admission during this period. There was a significant decrease in the unplanned admissions from 1.7% to 0.14% (p- <0.01%) after the introduction of PEWS score. ConclusionWe could decrease the number of unplanned admissions in PICU after the introduction of PEWS score.

Сукупність принципів формування системи моніторингу і попередження військ (сил) про надзвичайні ситуації на потенційно-небезпечних об’єктах

У статті проаналізовано проблеми формування системи моніторингу і попередження військ (сил) про надзвичайні ситуації. Розкрито загальні принципи організації єдиної державної системи цивільного захисту, системи моніторингу та попередження про надзвичайні ситуації загальносистемних принципів побудови організаційно-технічних систем, аналізу відомих принципів військового управління, обґрунтуванню основних принципів розвитку систем управління.