Emergence Of Political Parties Research Articles

It is not me, it is you: The emergence of secessionist parties in Western democracies

AbstractAlthough there exists a voluminous amount of existing literature that studies secessionist parties and the emergence of political parties more generally, there exists little that looks at the emergence of secessionist parties specifically. This article models the emergence of secessionist parties across western democracies and argues that the emergence of said parties is structured by both sociodemographic and political realities. This article shows that the structures of secessionist party entry differ across the arena in which parties compete: what influences emergence in subnational (provincial) elections differs than in national elections.

Brief Analysis of the Non-Ruling Parties’ Diplomatic Status and Their Solutions

"Political parties" has become a well-versed term in the political field. Except for a few countries such as Vatican and Saudi Arabia, most countries in the world implement party politics, where state power is held by political parties, whose significance is highlighted in international and domestic societies as a result. The emergence of political parties is a natural result of social development and human activities, and their registration and cancellation are highly uncertain and difficult to count. According to data from the United Nations, there are more than 230 countries and regions in the world, but there are more than 10,000 existing political parties, and the number of governing parties in each country or region is very limited. In addition to political parties such as the Democratic and Republican Parties in the United States, the Labour and Conservative Parties in the United Kingdom, and the Communist Party of China, which hold power and have international implications, this indicates that there are still many non-ruling parties in the international community, whose diplomatic behavior will also affect the direction of the international situation and global development. So the development of diplomacy of these political parties should be sufficiently addressed.

The oligarchic tendencies lead to the social movements of the Industrial Trends: Global Point of View

The article discusses oligarchy and Egalitarian social movement, Poverty, Increasing Deprivation, and Egalitarian Movement the discussion contains oligarchy tendency, in order to trace the general effects of industrial trends, deviations from the previous Commercial Revolution are necessary as they mark the origins of the nation-state and trends. The industrialization and revolution. Oligarchy, Ideology, and the Emergence of Political Parties. Industrial trends resulted in a necessary but repressive division of the workforce and created a wage-dependent working class in urban environments. The English Revolution of the seventeenth century and the American and French Revolutions of the eighteenth century the bourgeois revolution with a political doctrine based on the natural rights of life, liberty. property, revolution, and popular sovereignty

Религиозный модернизм и фундаментализм в национальной модели политической модернизации

Being a social religious institution, the church influences the formation of basic national values and specific features of national culture. In the process of modernization, there is a process of politicization of religion through the interaction of religious and political institutions. Due to the difference in the dynamics of modernization transformations and the adaptation of religion to new historical conditions, religious and political institutions acquire unique forms of interaction. This process is accompanied by the emergence of political parties on a religious basis, the formation of new religious and public organizations under the auspices of religious institutions, and the transformation of religious teachings themselves, which has an influence on the formation of a national model of modernization.

ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ТЕМЫ «ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ПАРТИИ И ПАРТИЙНЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ» В КУРСЕ ПОЛИТОЛОГИИ

The article is devoted to the methodology of studying the topic "Political parties and party systems" in the process of studying political science. Its place in the course structure, goals and tasks that need to be solved when considering this topic are shown. The emphasis is placed on the most important and most complex concepts that cause cognitive difficulties for students. Recommendations are given for the consideration of such issues as the history of the emergence of political parties, the functions of parties in modern conditions, the types of parties and party systems. Special attention is paid to the study of the features of the party system in Russia, which is of great practical importance, since it is associated with the real political process, the participation of students in elections as voters, etc. Methodological techniques for analyzing party programs, the place of various parties in the political landscape of the Russian Federation are considered.

Ashanti Pioneer: Coverage of Growing Political Developments in the Gold Coast, 1946–1949

Abstract In 1939, John and Nancy Tsiboe, operators of Abura Printing Works, began the Ashanti Pioneer in Kumasi, just as World War II was getting underway. As the War came to an end, the newspaper shifted its news coverage from the War to nationalist movements within the country and the eventual start of political parties. This article highlights the numerous stories devoted to the nationalist movement, the emergence of political parties, and the eventual calls for independence. This article shows how the Ashanti Pioneer played a substantial role in spreading information regarding these new political parties formed at the conclusion of World War II, namely the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC) led by J. B. Danquah and the Convention’s People’s Party (CPP) led by Kwame Nkrumah.

EKSISTENSI PARTAI POLITIK DI INDONESIA MASA PRA DAN PASCA KEMERDEKAAN

The political system in Indonesia always has a close relationship with political parties. Basically, the emergence of political parties is the actualization of the various sects or political views that lie behind them. Through a theoretical and law approach, this paper discusses the existence of political parties in Indonesia, especially in the pre and post independence period. The author concludes that in terms of basic ideological aspects, the emergence of Indonesian political parties in the pre-independence era is the actualization of three political streams or views that found momentum in the 20th century. The three streams referred to are Nationalism, Islam, and Marxism/Socialism. After the proclamation of independence, the emergence of the concept of multiple parties gave rise to several new political parties. The formation of political parties after the proclamation of independence is often based on the values or principles of divinity, nationality, and Marxism. However, this does not prevent the emergence of parties that were born based on values or other principles.

Oposisi dan Koalisi: Potret Kultur Demokrasi Indonesia

Democracy allows the people to have equal rights in decision-making that can change their lives. Consequently, opposition and coalition exist in this political system. While the opposition aims to correct and evaluate various government decisions, the coalition is the power holder or supporter of the government. Because Indonesia is a country that uphold legal formal consisting of many political parties, a coalition government party must be formed. This is done by gathering other parties until the government can run effectively so that it has the basis of a combination and effective legitimacy. In the second period of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's cabinet, the emergence of political parties that were powerless and did not dare to become the government's opposition became evidence of the need for democratization. The emergence of elitism, centralization, and anti-public, as well as the freezing of political structures and the backwardness of the cultural attitudes of the Indonesian people caused the opposition to stand on the word of democratization. Therefore coalitions and opposition are two important parts in building a democratic governance system in Indonesia. This article underlines that democracy in the political elite tends to produce a pseudo and half-hearted democracy. Therefor, the portrait of democratization is needed as a reinforcement of all elements of civil society and thus is not seen as a "devout movement of the state", but an urgent movement to change the attitude of the state through changes in the political composition within it.

Entries and Withdrawals: Electoral Coordination across Different Offices and the Brazilian Party Systems

In this article, we present new data on electoral alliances (coligacoes) that were formed to contest Brazilian general elections between 1986 and 2014. We present evidence to show that alliances formed for gubernatorial and lower house elections are connected to one another. These joint alliances are part of complex coordination strategies for managing the entry and withdrawal of candidates for concomitant elections regulated by different rules. As we shall show, these joint strategies result in: 01. interlinked processes of party concentration in subnational executive elections, and party fragmentation in national lower-house elections; which is the result of 02. the emergence of political parties that specialize in contesting elections for different political offices.

The Influence of Transparency on Addressing Populism in the EU

The emergence of political parties or movements that are anti-elitist, anti-pluralist, and which frame politics predominantly in moral terms – commonly labelled 'populist' – has become a clear trend in Western democracies. The phenomenon is especially apparent in Europe, where the rise of populist parties is directly linked with the general decline of trust in politics and, more broadly, in the public sphere. Among the elements that contribute to contemporary populist narratives, transparency, or lack thereof, is a recurring one. Opacity of bureaucracies and the information vacuum maintained by public administrations, combined with increased levels of public-sector corruption, give rise to speculation, conspiracy theories and fake news, ultimately providing fertile breeding ground for populist politicians. To respond to this threat, national and supranational governments (including the European Union) have placed transparency among the priorities in their regulatory agendas. For instance, the European Ombudsman has made consistent efforts to ensure more transparent decision-making at EU level. Also relevant to the promotion of transparency are the ongoing debates on reforming the legislative procedure of the Union, regulating lobbying activities and digitalising services. While it remains difficult if not impossible to predict whether more transparent policy-making could offer a viable and effective solution to populism, studies suggest that transparency and participation in public governance are having a positive impact on the accountability of EU institutions, and hence on citizens' perceptions of their activities.

FUNGSI FILSAFAT, AGAMA, IDEOLOGI DAN HUKUM DALAM PERKEMBANGAN POLITIK DI INDONESIA

In democratic system in Indonesia, the growth of political parties shows that the democratic system has developed. The development of the democratic system has the objective to incernate the ideals of Indonesia as set forth in paragraph 4 of the Preamble of the Indonesian Constitution 1945. The political role in the development of national law in Indonesia cannot be separated from the context of history, religion, and ideology. The development of political shows the diversity of views. The views between the political parties in determining the political direction is based on the ideas and ideologies that have grown in it. The process of legal formation in the birth of positive law (in abstracto) is always influenced by certain political configurations that interact in the process. The ideas in this ideology would also have been based on the theory of truth which has been adopted from each party. Differences in the ideological views of political parties also gives effect to the development of legislation character and policy direction of the Government in determining the laws that determine the development of the legal system in Indonesia.

The Democratic Convention – An Experiment of the Civic and Political Alliance of Post-communist Romania

Our research interest focuses on the political dimension of democratic transition. We believe that the emergence of political parties and how they interact will count in the further development of the country. The object of our research is limited in time and space - we consider the time between the violent removal of the totalitarian regimes, in December 1989, and the first peaceful alternation in power, in 1996, to be defining for the political and social future of the country. We analyze the dynamics of the party system in post-communist Romania, and in particular, the uniqueness of the political party called the Democratic Convention (CDR). We want to show that CDR functioned as a social and political myth, as defined by Georges Sorel (Sorel, 1961:50), in terms of the logic of political action.

Student representation and multiparty politics in African higher education

The transition from one-party rule and other forms of authoritarianism to multiparty democracy in the 1990s has had a profound impact on the organisation and role of student politics in Africa. Against the background of student involvement in African politics in the twentieth century, leading up to student participation in Africa's ‘second liberation’ in the early 1990s, the paper analyses the organisation of student governments, student representation in institutional and national governance, student unionism and the emergence of political parties in student politics in the 2000s. Proceeding from Munene's argument regarding a shift in oppositional politics in Africa away from students to multiparty politics, this paper finds that party politics is also increasingly implicated in African student politics with varied results. The paper concludes by proposing a tentative framework for understanding the impact of high levels of resource exchange between student leaders and political parties on student representation.

The Emergence of Political Parties and Political Dynamics in Afghanistan, 1964–73

The 1960s in Afghanistan's history were marked by the emergence of a number of political parties, from monarchist to radical left and right. They played an important role in the social, cultural and political dynamics of the time and even the future of the country. This paper explores how political parties emerged in a country which was characterized as a tribal-peasant society with only a very small number of educated people. It also discusses why the monarch would not sign the Political Parties' Bill and how this influenced Afghanistan's political culture and led to the radicalization of the political parties. In addition, it examines how the anti-government and radical political parties managed to mobilize people and dominate the political scene while the pro-government and nationalist parties had little influence.

Ricordando la "discesa in campo". Cenni sull'uso politico della storia nell'Italia del Cavaliere (1994-1996)

Italian historiography has been debating about the historian’s task and about the public and political use of history in Italy for over twenty years. The emergence of political parties with no solid political tradition - such as Forza Italia - has made the manipulation of history necessary in order to reinvent a past and/or a cultural tradition. This study focuses on the years 1994-1996, a particularly eventful period: Silvio Berlusconi’s entering the field, the creation of the new political party, Berlusconi’s re-reading of the history of Italy before his political engagement as if it were the time of communist rule and cultural hegemony.

Nationalism in Germany, 1848-1866: revolutionary nation

Based on original research, this study asks how and why unification occurred in Germany. It reassesses the legacy of the revolutions of 1848-49 in the consolidation of German nationalism during the 1850s and 1860s, revising traditional accounts of Bismarck's role and concentrating, instead, on the emergence of political parties and a German public sphere. By examining the national ideas and actions of those in dominant liberal milieux, in conjunction with those of other parties, Revolutionary Nation questions the existence of a broad shift from liberal to conservative nationalism; it challenges the notion that cultural and ethnic forms of nationalism were particularly pronounced in Germany as a result of late unification; and it qualifies the idea of a ‘revolution from above’. It is the first full-length study of nationalism and politics in the decades after 1848.

Political movements and coalition politics in Kenya: entrenching ethnicity

Like most African countries, Kenya has faced enormous obstacles in building political parties that transcend individualistic, idiosyncratic and ethnically based politics. Throughout most of the post-colonial era, patronage and the division of political spoils helped Kenyan elites to manage the fissures of ethnicity. With the resumption of competitive politics since the early 1990s, the growth of political parties has remained stunted, hostage to the pervasiveness of coalitions-cum-political movements. These movements parade as parties, but they lack the inner organisational coherence and ideologies that would qualify them as genuine parties. Moreover, in the absence of fundamental constitutional changes that will establish stable competition and undo the legacy of strong executive power, political movements will persist as a fundamental feature of ethnic mobilisation. In the short to medium term these movements furnish a modicum of political stability, but in the long term they contain the seeds of ethnic conflagration on the lines that Kenya witnessed in the 2007 elections.

Euroscepticism and the Emergence of Political Parties in Poland

One of the most interesting features of the 2003 Polish referendum on European Union (EU) membership was the strong link between voting behaviour in the 2003 referendum and voting behaviour in the 2001 Polish parliamentary election. In this article, we test two competing mechanisms that could account for this finding: a responsible party model, whereby citizens’ attitudes towards EU membership would have been driven by their preferred party’s position on the issue, and a more Downsian model, whereby the existence of an unrepresented Polish Eurosceptic electorate could have driven the success of two new Eurosceptic parties in the 2001 parliamentary elections. Drawing upon data from the 1997, 2001 and 2005 Polish National Election Studies, we find much stronger empirical support for the Downsian approach. Far from being led to their Euroscepticism by party leaders as the 2003 referendum on Polish EU membership approached, voters for Poland’s Eurosceptic parties in 2001 already possessed healthy degrees of Euroscepticism, especially when compared to supporters of other parties and even to non-voters.

The Separation of Powers in United States of America: Past and Present

The American version of the separation of powers was designed to prevent tyranny (i.e., capricious, arbitrary rule) and to ensure the rule of law by preventing the concentration of all powers in any one branch. That legislators, as well as their family and friends, would be subject to the impartial administration and adjudication of laws which they passed was a key factor in assuring these objectives. While Congress was regarded as the most representative and powerful branch in the system, over the course of American history presidential powers have increased enormously, often at the expense of Congress. The emergence and growth of political parties has facilitated this development so that today the presidency is the predominant branch of government, viewed as representing all the people, not special or narrow interests. In recent years, a new and expansive theory of presidential authority, �the unitary executive theory,� has gained currency; a theory which justifies an even greater concentration of authority in the executive branch. Moreover, the Supreme Court in recent decades, largely through an expansive interpretation of both its function and the language of the Constitution, has assumed new power, again at the expense of Congress. While the Constitution has not been amended to alter the original design, the reality is that the present system does not correspond to that intended by the Framers. Yet, the concerns posed by the Framers about a concentration of power remain.

East Timor: The Price of Freedom

Introduction: East Timor troubled path to freedom the Santa Cruz massacre and its aftermath Indonesia in crisis from autonomy to referendum the paramilitary campaign the United Nations voting for independence betrayal dispersal and deportation - the humanitarian crisis weeks too late. Part 1 Colonial failure: settlement and exchange colonial interplay the structure of Timorese society reproduction and resistance pacification - the two political systems. Part 2 East Timor and Indonesia - political developments from the Pacific War to the Portuguese Revolution: Indonesia rebellion. Part 3 Changing strategies - the emergence of political parties and the Indonesian response: party formation diplomacy BAKIN and its allies Fretilin's programme realism Portuguese style coalition the right to independence. Part 4 From coalition to coup and independence - the Indonesia campaign against East Timor: Fretilin and its groupings -the road to Macau coup and its allies Fretilin's administration Indonesia's border strategy independence and invasion. Part 5 Invasion, resistance and the international response : military myths. Part 6 The Indonesian occupation - encirclement and annihilation: Fretilin's administration of its areas ideological and military campaigns a population uprooted. Part 7 As bad as Biafra -population resettlement and starvation: resettlement resistance quelled. Part 8 Military control - imprisonment, killings and human rights abuses: disappearances imprisonment established procedures terrorized population. Part 9 Military campaigns and the Indonesian transformation of East Timor: Fretilin - defeat an dre-emergence Operasi Keamanan - the final cleansing aid - use and abuse structural transformation - the military project transmigration military monopolies re-education and control. Part 10 Ascertaining the facts - the Indonesian-Fretilin ceasefire and the visit of the Australian delegation: ceasefire the delegation's visit interception massacre further visits. Part 11 The development of opposition and Indonesian plans for the resocialization of east Timor: the role of the church and the growing opposition to Indonesian rule the ultimate transformation - Indonesian strategies for birth control military stalemate. Part 12 In their best interests - strategies for East Timor in the international community: strategy, economics and politics monitoring and commitment. Part 13 What of the future? scenarios for East Timor: changes in Indonesia.