Elliptical Part Research Articles

A Problem with Shift for Mixed-Type Equation in Domain, the Elliptical Part of Which Is a Horizontal Strip

A Problem with Shift for Mixed-Type Equation in Domain, the Elliptical Part of Which Is a Horizontal Strip

(399) Effect of Bulbospongiosus Muscles Cutting with Frenular Delta Excision for Treatment Premature Ejaculation ( Alaa Aglan Operation)

Abstract Introduction Alaa aglan operation is a new procedure consists of two parts. First part is cutting bulbospongiosus muscles bilaterally, And 2nd part is cutting of elliptical part of frenular delta. it is the most sensitive area in penis and excision of its central part decreases penis sensitivity. The operation has it's own prediction test that allows us to know the expected time post operatively and if the operation is option or not. It is easy just spraying local anesthesia (procomail 10%®) at coronal ridge (inhibits glans-bulbospongiosus reflex) and at frenular delta (temporary excision) 30 minutes before having sex. The operation could be reversed by repairing the muscle again. Objective presentation of a simple, easy permanent solution for treatment of premature ejaculation with less side effects in comparison with all other treatments. Methods 1050 Cases were operated between 1/1/2015 and 3/10/2015 follow up was done at 1, 3,6,12 months intervals then yearly (5 years duration). 47 Cases didn't complete the 5 years duration but none of them have any complain. Results There are two types of patients: First type (non-psychic causes patients) the gained time was approximately as prediction test of each. Second type (secondary psychic or mixed causes patients) the results were much better than prediction tests after 3 months. The non- psychic premature ejaculation patients improved quickly. we calculate the time (IVEL) from the second intercourse as patient usually be congested unless he masturbated or had wet dreams so we avoid the 1st intercourse and calculate the time from 2nd time .clinically we noticed that all patients gets the final result after 1 month approximately from day of surgery. And the result still constant without change or with minimal positive change in few cases but in second type patients the results after 3 weeks resembles the prediction test results but improves gradually till the 3rd month with final constant result. Satisfaction was rate 99.6% this is due to prediction test application, in our early trials beyond this study Satisfaction rate was 71% (without prediction test). Side effects were minimal, No regression in results in any patient during the following up period. Only 4 patients were not satisfied although the operation was successful. 1st patient complained from neuroma due to adhesion (post operative), Adhesiolysis was done, total relief of pain reported by the patient immediately post operative, 2nd patient reported that the distance of expulsion of semen from penile orifice decreased in comparison to that before surgery. 3rd patient reported hematoma, Evacuation was done without complications. 4th patient reported that he lost the sensation of repetitive contraction of muscles at peno-scrotal area during ejaculation. Many patients reported absence or decrease in number of wet dreams post operative other side effects were minimal. Conclusions Alaa aglan operation is safe, Immediate, Curative technique for premature ejaculation provided that prediction test shows good response. Disclosure No

On the nonlocal problems in time for subdiffusion equations with the Riemann-Liouville derivatives

Initial boundary value problems with a time-nonlocal condition for a subdiffusion equation with the Riemann-Liouville time-fractional derivatives are considered. The elliptical part of the equation is the Laplace operator, defined in an arbitrary N−dimensional domain Ω with a sufficiently smooth boundary ∂Ω. The existence and uniqueness of the solution to the considered problems are proved. Inverse problems are studied for determining the right-hand side of the equation and a function in a time-nonlocal condition. The main research tool is the Fourier method, so the obtained results can be extended to subdiffusion equations with a more general elliptic operator.

Dual-directional group delays during optical topological transitions in black phosphorus-based asymmetric hyperbolic metamaterials.

We theoretically study the optical properties of TM waves when their magnetic field direction is perpendicular to the armchair and zigzag optical axes of black phosphorus, respectively. It is found that hyperbolic dispersion and elliptic dispersion coexist in periodically arranged black phosphorus multilayers. Interestingly, by tilting the symmetric multilayers to be asymmetric, the elliptical part of the original two dispersions disappears as the wavelength increases. As such only the hyperbolic dispersion remains, showing an optical topological transition. In the region of the topological transition, a large transmitted group delay (3ps) and a reflected group delay (0.2ps) of the TM waves occurs simultaneously. The corresponding group velocities are slowed down to approximately c/1000 and c/100 (c is the speed of light in a vacuum), respectively. This dual-directional group delays significantly increase the wave-matter interaction so that nonreciprocal perfect absorptions can be realized in the mid-infrared band. Such asymmetrical black phosphorus hyperbolic metamaterials can be applied to the directional, tunable, and nonreciprocal perfect absorbers and also to devices based on strong wave-matter interactions.

The mechanical properties and fatigue responses of fiber metal nanocomposite laminates with double-edged cracks

ABSTRACT The fiber metal laminates (FMLs) of hybrid Ti/APC-2 neat and nanocomposite laminates were fabricated. Geometrically symmetric and anti-symmetric double-edged cracks were cut in FMLs. From tensile tests, we received the load vs. displacement curves, stress intensity factors of mixed mode and mechanical properties. From cyclic tests, the load vs. cycles (P–N) curves, residual life and failure mechanisms were obtained. The mechanical properties of symmetrically cracked specimens were slightly lower than those of anti-symmetrically cracked counterparts. As the crack length increases and inclination angle decreases, the fatigue life decreases. The enhancement of nanopowder improved the ultimate load and fatigue life. The local stress intensity at the crack tip dominates the fatigue responses. The piece of elliptical part was observed from cyclic tests at failure. Although the attraction of two crack tips accelerated the crack growth towards each other, the delay to failure was caused by two crack tips circling around and forming a small piece of ellipse centrally.

Stability and rocking response of non-uniform masonry arches: The ‘part-elliptical’ profile

The fundamental role of geometry on the stability of historical arched structures has been unveiled centuries ago. In this study, a segmental arch consisting of an elliptical upper part (extrados) and a circular lower part (intrados) is introduced. This so-called part-elliptical arch is treated as a rigid monolithic body enabled to rock on a triggering base. The objective of the study is to extend the established methods applicable to the conventional circular arches, particularly in terms of: (i) stability analysis at incipient uplift, (ii) time-history analysis of the rocking response. The results are presented comparatively to those extracted from the circular arch of the same geometric characteristics.

A hybrid finite-difference/low-rank solution to anisotropy acoustic wave equations

P-wave extrapolation in anisotropic media suffers from SV-wave artifacts and computational dependency on the complexity of anisotropy. The anisotropic pseudodifferential wave equation cannot be solved using an efficient time-domain finite-difference (FD) scheme directly. The wavenumber domain allows us to handle pseudodifferential operators accurately; however, it requires either smoothly varying media or more computational resources. In the limit of elliptical anisotropy, the pseudodifferential operator reduces to a conventional operator. Therefore, we have developed a hybrid-domain solution that includes a space-domain FD solver for the elliptical anisotropic part of the anisotropic operator and a wavenumber-domain low-rank scheme to solve the pseudodifferential part. Thus, we split the original pseudodifferential operator into a second-order differentiable background and a pseudodifferential correction term. The background equation is solved using the efficient FD scheme, and the correction term is approximated by the low-rank approximation. As a result, the correction wavefield is independent of the velocity model, and, thus, it has a reduced rank compared with the full operator. The total computation cost of our method includes the cost of solving a spatial FD time-step update plus several fast Fourier transforms related to the rank. The accuracy of our method is of the order of the FD scheme. Applications to a simple homogeneous tilted transverse isotropic (TTI) medium and modified BP TTI models demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.

Numerical analysis of the BWR-5 beltline region containing a crack postulated for an extended period of operation

In the case of a BWR-5, the wall of the reactor vessel located adjacent to the core is named beltline and it is subjected to neutron embrittlement, lowering the fracture toughness and increasing the yield strength of the material. Cracks can be developed in the internal surface of this area. In this paper, a semi elliptical part through thickness crack has been postulated along the axial direction. Its depth is 1.25 inch which is 0.25 of the thickness of the wall vessel and its length is 6 times the crack depth (7.5 inches). The material of the vessel is a low alloy carbon steel.In order to consider an extended period of operation, the analysis must cover sixty years of operation. The normal conditions of operation and start-up and shutdown transients have to be taken into account. For this purpose, a numerical evaluation was done with the Finite Element Method in conjunction with linear elastic fracture mechanics. This analysis was compared with the results of the procedure under the scope of the Appendix G of the ASME Code Section XI and the NUREG-0800. The results were used to establish the pressure and temperature limits.

Natural convection in a square enclosure with different positions and inclination angles of an elliptical cylinder Part I: A vertical array of one elliptical cylinder and one circular cylinder

This paper numerically investigates the two-dimensional natural convection in a square enclosure with a vertical array of a hot elliptical cylinder and a hot circular cylinder with Rayleigh numbers in the range of 104⩽Ra⩽106. An immersed boundary method was used to capture the wall boundary of the cylinders. The effects of the position and inclination angle ϕ of the elliptical cylinder were investigated. When the Rayleigh number increases to Ra = 106, the numerical solutions reach an unsteady state for all cases of the lower elliptical cylinder and the cases of the upper elliptical cylinder except at ϕ=90°. The transition of the flow regime from unsteady state to steady state depends on the flow direction and the space between the upper cylinder and top wall of the enclosure due to the changes in the inclination angle of the elliptical cylinder. At Ra = 106 in the case of upper elliptical cylinder at ϕ=0°, the time- and surface-averaged Nusselt numbers for the walls of the enclosure increase by about 1.99% compared to the case of two circular cylinders. The thermal performance and flow stability were influenced by the position and inclination angle of the elliptical cylinder.

Enteral reduction and oblique anastomosis

Background: Jejunoileal atresias are major causes of neonatal intestinal obstruction, and various surgical techniques were described for their treatment. Resection and/or tapering of the proximal dilated pouch and end-toend or end-to-back enteral anastomosis are the most commonly used techniques. Either of these techniques, however, has shortcomings such as loss of bowel length, kink obstruction, and anastomotic leak due to anastomotic line mismatch. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe an alternative surgical technique for bowel atresia repair, enteral reduction and oblique anastomosis. Patients and methods: The technique involves reduction of the dilated bowel diameter by removing an elliptical fullthickness part of the anterior wall of the proximal dilated pouch and oblique anastomosis of the resultant window with a longitudinally incised posterior wall of the distal bowel. Results: This technique was used in seven successive neonates, four female and three male, in 1 year. Their ages at operation ranged between 2 and 30 days (median 3 days). Six neonates recovered well. Enteral feeds were tolerated in 7–10 days and the length of hospital stay ranged between 15 and 36 days. One baby, who underwent surgical repair at the age of 30 days, died following severe sepsis and anastomotic leak. Conclusion: Enteral reduction and oblique anastomosis is an easy and safe alternative to current surgical techniques used for the treatment of small intestinal atresia. No bowel resection is required while proximal bowel tapering is achieved. Keywords: oblique anastomosis, small bowel atresia, tapering

Robust numerical schemes for anisotropic diffusion problems, a first step for turbulence modeling in Lagrangian hydrodynamics

Numerous systems of conservation laws are discretized on Lagrangian meshes where cells nodes move with matter. For complex applications, cells shape or aspect ratio often do not insure sufficient accuracy to provide an acceptable numerical solution and use of ALE technics is necessary. Here we are interested with conduction phenomena depending on velocity derivatives coming from the resolution of gas dynamics equations. For that, we propose the study of a mock of second order turbulent mixing model combining an elliptical part and an hyperbolic kernel. The hyperbolic part is approximated by finite-volume centered scheme completed by a remapping step see [7]. A major part of this paper is the discretization of the anisotropic parabolic equation on polygonal distorted mesh. It is based on the scheme described in [9] ensuring the positivity of the numerical solution. We propose an alternative based on the partitioning of polygons in triangles. We show some preliminary results on a weak coupling of hydrodynamics and parabolic equation whose tensor diffusion coefficient depends on Reynolds stresses.

Recurrent Pilo-Nidal Sinus: Secret Of Recurrence

INTRODUCTION Pilonidal sinus is a disease of easy handling and difficult healing. It is a common problem in primary care due to recurrence following surgery and the need for frequent and timeconsuming wound care. This article covers the pathology, clinical presentations and appropriate management of pilonidal sinus disease.1 The patient was treated here had been operated three times before coming to the author. He was operated in his country twice and in Kuala Lumpur once. His sinus was in the natal cleft. REVIEW OF LITERATURE How does it develop? Theory 1: A minor congenital or hereditary abnormality in the skin of the natal cleft as it tends to run in some families. Part of the abnormality in this part of the skin may be that the hairs grow into the skin rather than outwards. Theory 2: abnormal hair growth direction. Hair is forced to grow in abnormal direction.2,3 Author theory 3: Lack of cleaning of this moist area with development of a small boil or furuncle which will open with long hairs around will come in and keep growing inside making a long track of granulation tissue. (A similar condition occurs between the fingers of hairdressers caused by customers' hair entering moist, damaged skin.) RECURRENT DISEASE Recurrence can be divided into two groups: early and late. Early recurrence is usually due to failure to identify one or more sinuses at incision and drainage, which was not followed by a second-look procedure. Late recurrence is usually due to secondary infection caused by residual hair or debris that was not removed at operation, inadequate wound care or insufficient attention to depilation.4 CASE DATA 29 years old male was presented to the author with the recurrent pilonidal sinus after three previous operations. All operations failed to achieve proper healing. METHODS Patient was operated by a closed method where the track was excised with an elliptical incision and excision of bad part of skin. The track had two openings one above and one below in the natal cleft. After excision of the track the two edges were approximated and closed. Simple closure of the two edges of the wound with vicreyl 1, and skin was closed by Nylon 3/0. The wound was left partially open in its upper part to heal spontaneously. Post operatively: patient was instructed to sleep prone position for few days. Hyperbaric oxygen was used in 5 sessions to accelerate healing. Bovidone iodine was used frequently for cleaning during dressing. Suture removal was done one week after surgery. RESULTS It was very promising where the sinus was healed after one month from surgery. At the beginning the surrounding hairs tended to cause recurrence by being imbedded into the lower part of the incision of the natal cleft. Fig 3 The author immediately shaved the hairs around the natal cleft and one week after the wound was completely healed. Fig 4 Recurrent Pilo-Nidal Sinus: Secret Of Recurrence 2 of 4 Figure 1 Figure 1 upper end of the track is shown by the arrow Figure 2 Figure 2: The track has another opening in the lower part of the cleft Figure 3 Figure 3: Post operative a new opening lower down helped by hairs around Figure 4 Figure 4: Complete healing one week after hair shaving DISCUSSION Treating this recurrent problem may appear difficult. We excised the main track of the sinus which appeared here as a fistula with two openings one above and one below in the natal cleft. It measured 10 cm long between the two openings. Elliptical skin part is removed containing the upper opening and the scarred skin around. Healing was not perfect when hairs were around the natal cleft and tended to come in the wound at the lower pole of the natal cleft incision line. Shaving of hairs around the natal cleft affected the healing very well and in a week time the wound was completely closed. Recurrent Pilo-Nidal Sinus: Secret Of Recurrence 3 of 4 CONCLUSION Cleaning is mandatory for effective closure of the sinus. Excision of the track is the main item of treating the sinus. Hair removal is a complementary step to ensure cure. Open or close techniques are of the same result where the closed technique tend to heal faster.

Core-mantle boundary deformations andJ2variations resulting from the 2004 Sumatra earthquake

SUMMARY The deformation at the core‐mantle boundary produced by the 2004 Sumatra earthquake is investigated by means of a semi-analytic theoretical model of global coseismic and postseismic deformation, predicting a millimetric coseismic perturbation over a large portion of the core‐mantle boundary. Spectral features of such deformations are analysed and discussed. The time-dependent postseismic evolution of the elliptical part of the gravity field (J 2) is also computed for different asthenosphere viscosity models. Our results show that, for asthenospheric viscosities smaller than 10 18 Pa s, the postseismic J 2 variation in the next years is expected to leave a detectable signal in geodetic observations.

Very light jets II: Bipolar large scale simulations in King atmospheres

Hydrodynamic jets, underdense with respect to their environment by a factor of up to 104, were computed in axisymmetry as well as in 3D. They finally reached a size of up to 220 jet radii, corresponding to a 100 kpc sized radio galaxy. The simulations are “bipolar”, involving both jets. These are injected into a King type density profile with small stochastic density variations. The back-reaction of the cocoons on the beams in the center produces armlength asymmetries of a few percent, with the longer jets on the side with the higher average density. Two distinguishable bow shock phases were observed: an inner elliptical part, and a later cylindrical, cigar-like phase, which is known from previous simulations. The sideways motion of the inner elliptical bow shock part is shown to follow the law of motion for spherical blast waves also in the late phase, where the aspect ratio is high, with good accuracy. X-ray emission maps are calculated and the two bow shock phases are shown to appear as rings and elongated or elliptical regions, depending on the viewing angle. Such structures are observed in the X-ray data of several radio galaxies (e.g. in Abell 2052 and Hercules A), the best example being Cygnus A. In this case, an elliptical bow shock is infered from the observations, a jet power of 1047 erg/s is derived, and the Lorentz factor can be limited to . Based on the simulation results and the comparison to the observations, the emission line gas producing the alignment effect in radio galaxies at high redshift is suggested to be cooled gas entrained over the cocoon boundary.

Variations in the Earth's gravity field caused by torsional oscillations in the core

SUMMARY We investigate whether a component of the flow in the Earth's fluid core, namely torsional oscillations, could be detected in gravity field data at the surface and whether it could explain some of the observed time variations in the elliptical part of the gravity field (J2). Torsional oscillations are azimuthal oscillations of rigid coaxial cylindrical surfaces and have typical periods of decades. This type of fluid motion supports geostrophic pressure gradients, which produce deformations of the core–mantle boundary. Because of the density discontinuity between the core and the mantle, such deformations produce changes in the gravity field that, because of the flow geometry, are both axisymmetric and symmetric about the equator. Torsional oscillations are thus expected to produce time variations in the zonal harmonics of even degree in the gravity field. Similarly, the changes in the rotation rates of the mantle and inner core that occur to balance the change in angular momentum carried by the torsional oscillations also produce zonal variations in gravity. We have built a model to calculate the changes in the gravity field and in the rotation rates of the mantle and inner core produced by torsional oscillations. We show that the changes in the rotation rate of the inner core produce changes in J2 that are a few orders of magnitude too small to be observed. The amplitudes of the changes in J2 from torsional oscillations are 10 times smaller than the temporal changes that are observed to occur about a linear secular trend. However, provided the mechanism responsible for these changes in J2 is identified and that this contribution is removed from the data, it may be possible in the future to detect the lowest harmonic degrees of the torsional oscillations in the gravity field data. We also show that torsional oscillations have contributed to the linear secular change in J2 by about −0.75 × 10−12 per year in the last 20 years. Finally, the associated change in the vertical ground motion at the surface of the Earth that is predicted by our mechanism is of the order of 0.2 mm, which is too small to be detected with the current precision in measurements.

Study of wave processes in shells and plates with regard to transverse normal and shear deformation

A variant of the theory of orthotropic plates and cylindrical shells taking account of transverse normal and shear deformation was examined. Independent approximations were adopted for distribution of displacements and stresses over the thickness of the shell. One of the requirements for constructing the theory is physical correctness, which is achieved by utilizing variational methods for formulating the mathematical model. The Reissner principle for dynamic processes was used for derivation of the equations. The elliptical part of the starting differential operator was shown to be symmetrical and positive in the space of the integrate of square functions. We examined the problem of the propagation of axially symmetric harmonic waves in the cylinder using the starting differential equations. These results were compared with those obtained equations derived in elasticity theory. Analysis of induced vibration was carried out for the case of a square plate upon the action of a suddenly applied load.

LJUSTERNIK-SCHNIRELMAN Theory on General Level Sets

Abstract : Let a,b functionals on a real Banach space X. We consider the nonlinear eigenvalue problem a'(u) = lambda b'(u), lambda an element of R, u an element of N sub alpha = (u an element of X:b(u) = alpha) for a fixed alpha. We allow that a', b' are indefinite and the level set N sub alpha is unbounded. We get finite and infinite lower bounds for the number of eigenvectors on N sub alpha depending on alpha. Furthermore, we study the weak convergence of the eigenvectors u against zero and the convergence of the eigenvalues lambda against zero. Our applications are concerned with eigenvalue problems for nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations where the principal elliptical part is indefinite, and with Hammerstein integral equations where the kernel has eigenvalues of different signs. The main abstract theorems in Section 5 provide a general formulation of the Ljusternik-Schnirelman theory in Banach spaces in the constrained case. (Author)

Asymmetrical Abel Inversion of MHD Generator Discharges

The method of Yasutomo et al. for asymmetrical Abel inversion is extended. The original solution consists of a radial part and a weight function, describing the degree of asymmetry. In this work, the radial part is generalized to an elliptical part by employing a coordinate transformation. A factor ? is introduced defining the ellipticity. The extended method is applied to continuum intensity measurements of a discharge in the argon-cesium plasma of a shock-tunnel MHD generator. Two axes of observation have been used, the first one to obtain the radial part and the weight function, the second one, at an angle of 30° with the first axis, to obtain the value of ? needed in the transformation. The reconstructed spatial distribution of radiation intensity is nearly elliptical but with asymmetry in flow direction. The distribution is stretched out along the magetic field lines and fairly well reproduces the emitted intensity profiles.