Elimination Of Bisphenol Research Articles

Photochemical degradation of bisphenols and fluconazole by UV-activated persulfate – Benefits for cost-efficient removal in wastewater treatment plants

Many impurities, due to their incomplete biodegradation in wastewater treatment plants, are often detected in surface waters. Bisphenol A, bisphenol S, and fluconazole are the examples used in the present study to show an alternative approach to degradation using UV-activated persulfate, allowing for fast removal of the tested compounds within minutes with no significant reduction in efficiency in a wide pH range. Although the first steps of the process led to degradation products of similar toxicity, further degradation resulted in the formation of compounds of a few orders of magnitude lower toxicity, which is important in reducing the environmental impact of both bisphenols and fluconazole. Elimination of bisphenol A from spiked water solution was achieved in 2 min, and both bisphenol S and fluconazole in 5 min. The developed procedure was also applied to the effluent from a wastewater treatment plant. Effective removal of bisphenol A was noted after 5 min and bisphenol S after 30 min, but no more than about 80% fluconazole was eliminated within 1 h. Nevertheless, despite the lower removal rate compared to water solutions tests, the results were better than when only UV radiation was used to remove the tested compounds. It was confirmed that the process with UV-activated persulfate is considerably faster than the reported thermally-activated one. Furthermore, the proposed process is cost-efficient because the UV irradiation of wastewater treatment plant effluent is often used for disinfection while increasing temperature requires additional energy.

Elimination of bisphenol A with visible light-enhanced peroxydisulfate activation process mediated by Fe3+-nitrilotriacetic acid complex

In recent years, visible light assisted advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are appealing in the elimination of pollutants. Herein, an innovative and eco-friendly visible light enhanced Fe3+-nitrilotriacetic acid system for the activation of peroxydisulfate (Vis/Fe3+-NTA/PDS) was proposed for the removal of bisphenol A (BPA). Fe3+-NTA could be dissociated through ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) to realize the generation of Fe2+ for the continuous activation of PDS to remove BPA. The use of 0.10 mM Fe3+, 0.10 mM NTA and 1.00 mM PDS led to 97.5% decay of 0.05 mM BPA and 66.3% of TOC removal in 30 min with the illumination of visible light at initial pH 3.0. The sulfate and hydroxyl radicals were proved to be the dominant species leading to BPA removal by means of radical scavenging experiments, radical probes and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique. The effects of various operating parameters, natural water constituents as well as different water matrices on BPA abatement were explored. The intermediate products of BPA degradation were identified and a possible transformation pathway was proposed. Briefly, this research provides an attractive strategy for the remediation of refractory wastewater using NTA assisted with visible light in the homogeneous Fe3+/PDS system.

Quantifying evolving toxicity in the TAML/peroxide mineralization of propranolol.

SummaryOxidative water purification of micropollutants (MPs) can proceed via toxic intermediates calling for procedures for connecting degrading chemical mixtures to evolving toxicity. Herein, we introduce a method for projecting evolving toxicity onto composite changing pollutant and intermediate concentrations illustrated through the TAML/H2O2 mineralization of the common drug and MP, propranolol. The approach consists of identifying the key intermediates along the decomposition pathway (UPLC/GCMS/NMR/UV-Vis), determining for each by simulation and experiment the rate constants for both catalytic and noncatalytic oxidations and converting the resulting predicted concentration versus time profiles to evolving composite toxicity exemplified using zebrafish lethality data. For propranolol, toxicity grows substantially from the outset, even after propranolol is undetectable, echoing that intermediate chemical and toxicity behaviors are key elements of the environmental safety of MP degradation processes. As TAML/H2O2 mimics mechanistically the main steps of peroxidase catalytic cycles, the findings may be relevant to propranolol degradation in environmental waters.

Synthesis of Fe–BiOBr–N by microwave-assisted solvothermal method: Characterization and evaluation of its photocatalytic properties

In this work, BiOBr photocatalyst co-doped with Fe and N (Fe–BiOBr–N) was synthesized by a microwave-assisted solvothermal method. This material was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray photoelectronic spectrometry, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and photoluminescence techniques. The characterization of this material revealed the formation of flower-like structures and the successful incorporation of Fe and N in BiOBr. The incorporation of Fe and N in BiOBr caused a decrease of the band gap (from 2.87 to 1.92 eV), the crystal size (from 12.93 to 8.43 nm), and the recombination rate of photogenerated charges compared with unmodified BiOBr. Likewise, these dopants caused an increase in specific surface area (from 7 to 16 m2/g). The photocatalytic activity was assessed on the elimination of bisphenol A (BPA) under visible radiation. Fe–BiOBr–N exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than pristine BiOBr on the BPA degradation, allowing complete degradation and 65% of mineralization in 240 min, while using pristine BiOBr 40% of degradation and 20% of mineralization were obtained. Fe–BiOBr–N is a promising option for the effective elimination of persistent contaminants such as BPA in the aqueous medium, under visible radiation.

Surface and Adhesion Characteristics of Current and Next Generation Steel Packaging Materials

Steel packaging remains an important mean by which foodstuffs and other products can be stored safely for a prolonged period of time. The industry is being challenged by the dual legislative pressures which require the elimination of Chrome (VI) from the manufacturing process and the elimination of bisphenol A as a component from the lacquer system. Initial indications suggest lower adhesive performance, and it has been postulated that thermal treatment may be a mean of improving adhesion. Three substrates (two current and one future) were physically and chemically characterized prior and post treatment and the resultant impact of adhesion was quantified. The net impact of the thermal treatment is that it increases the adhesion of the lacquer on the surface. As there is minimal change in the physical characteristics of the surface, the authors propose that this is a result of changes in the chemical surface species, particularly the increase in the oxidic nature of each of the substrates which provides additional bonding sites for the organic species in the lacquer. These trends are observed for current substrate materials as well as next generation Chrome VI free substrate. Next generation replacement substrate materials perform better than current materials for dry adhesion while next generation bisphenol A non-intent lacquer materials perform poorer than the current epoxy phenolic materials.

Elimination of Bisphenol A from Wastewater through Membrane Filtration Processes

Elimination of Bisphenol A from Wastewater through Membrane Filtration Processes

A multidisciplinary investigation of the technical and environmental performances of TAML/peroxide elimination of Bisphenol A compounds from water

A multidisciplinary investigation of the technical and environmental performances of TAML/peroxide elimination of Bisphenol A compounds from water: destruction, oligomerisation, mechanisms, end product toxicity, and applications.

Molecular dynamics simulations of the adsorption of bisphenol A on graphene oxide

The elimination of bisphenol A (BPA) from water solution is of great importance, since BPA can cause the functional abnormalities of human endocrine system. One feasible removal method is the adsorption by graphene oxide (GO). However, the interactions between BPA and GO at an atomic level are still unclear. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the adsorption of BPA on the GO surface. The results show that all BPA molecules are attached to both sides of GO. The adsorption conformations of BPA in the closest layer to GO surface mainly exhibit two patterns. One is that the benzene rings of BPA are parallel to the basal plane of GO to form - structures, and the other is the two hydroxyl groups of BPAs interacting with the oxygen-contained groups on GO to form hydrogen bonds. Exploration of the detailed interactions between BPA and GO indicates that the hydrophobic - stacking interaction is the dominant force in the adsorption of BPA on GO, while hydrogen bonding enhances the binding of BPA on GO surface. Eventually, potential of mean forces (PMF) of BPA and water molecules on GO are calculated by umbrella sampling. The binding energy of BPA on GO reaches 30 kJ/mol, six times as large as that of water on GO, which is only about 5 kJ/mol. Our simulations further confirm that GO owns strong adsorption capacity and GO can be used as sorbent to eliminate BPA in water solution.

Immobilized Coriolopsis sp. laccase for continuous elimination and transformation of phenolic micropollutants

The evaluation of continuous elimination and transformation of toxic endocrine disruptors micropollutants (MPs) (Bisphenol A, Nonylphenol [NP] and Triclosan [TCS]) using immobilized laccase of Coriolopsis sp. showed the high potential of this laccase as a bio-agent for the elimination and transformation process of selected MPs. A toxicology test using Escherichia coli has shown that toxicity completely disappeared after transformation and elimination of Bisphenol A, while in cases of NP and TCS 95% and 90% toxicity, respectively, disappeared. As compared to initial activity, immobilized laccase activity remained practically constant at the end of several runs of elimination and transformation processes of MPs. This feature is promising for the use of immobilized Coriolopsis sp. laccase in a future industrial depollution process.

Response to Comments on“Elimination of Bisphenol A fromWater via Graphene Oxide Adsorption”

首先，感谢Yuh-Shan Ho教授对我们在《物理化学学报》上发表的论文（Elimination of Bisphenol A from Water via Graphene Oxide Adsorption）的关注，以及对文献引用提出的宝贵意见和建议。

Comments on “Elimination of Bisphenol A from Water <em>via</em> Graphene Oxide Adsorption”

Xu and Zhu published the paper entitled“Elimination of Bisphenol A from Water via Graphene Oxide Adsorption”. In section of 3.2 BPA adsorption kinetics, authors stated that “The pseudo-first- order model”and cited Blanchard et al. to be a reference. There is nothing about the pseudo- first- order model in the reference. It is a quotation error. The Lagergren rate equation presented in 1898, is a first order model. Basically, the rate of a reaction is defined as the change in concentration of a reactant or product per unit time. Concentrations of products do not appear in the rate law because the reaction rate is studied under conditions where the reverse reactions do not contribute to the overall rate. The reaction order and rate constant must be determined by experiments. In order to distinguish the kinetic equation based on the concentration of a solution from the adsorption capacity of solids, this Lagergren first order rate equation has been called a pseudo-first-order one. In addition, regression of pseudo-first-order kinetic model in Fig.1 would not be possible.

Elimination of Bisphenol A from Water <em>via</em> Graphene Oxide Adsorption

The elimination of bisphenol A(BPA) from aqueous solution by adsorption on graphene oxide(GO) was investigated.The maximum adsorption capacity(q m) of GO for BPA estimated from the Langmuir isotherm was 87.80 mg·g-1 at 25 ℃.The required contact time to reach adsorption equilibrium was about 30 min,which was much shorter than that of activated carbon.The adsorption kinetics and isotherm data fitted well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm,respectively.Neutral pH and low solution temperature were favorable for adsorption,whereas the presence of NaCl in the solution was unfavorable.The GO had good recyclability and could be reused several times with a slight decline in adsorption ability.Both hydrogen bonding and π-π interaction were thought to be responsible for the adsorption of BPA on GO.The excellent adsorption capacity and high adsorption rate of GO result from its sheet-like structure and the abundant oxygen-containing groups on its surface.Although q m of GO for BPA is lower than that of graphene,GO has the benefits of large scale production,a hydrophilic surface with plenty of oxygen-containing groups,and good dispersion in water.Therefore,GO can be regarded as a good potential adsorbent for water treatment.

Elimination of bisphenol a and triclosan using the enzymatic system of autochthonous colombian forest fungi.

Bisphenol A (BPA) and triclosan (TCS) are known or suspected potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) which may pose a risk to human health and have an environmental impact. Enzyme preparations containing mainly laccases, obtained from Ganoderma stipitatum and Lentinus swartzii, two autochthonous Colombian forest white rot fungi (WRF), previously identified as high enzyme producers, were used to remove BPA and TCS from aqueous solutions. A Box-Behnken factorial design showed that pH, temperature, and duration of treatment were significant model terms for the elimination of BPA and TCS. Our results demonstrated that these EDCs were extensively removed from 5 mg L−1 solutions after a contact time of 6 hours. Ninety-four percent of TCS and 97.8% of BPA were removed with the enzyme solution from G. stipitatum; 83.2% of TCS and 88.2% of BPA were removed with the L. swartzii enzyme solution. After a 6-hour treatment with enzymes from G. stipitatum and L. swartzii, up to 90% of the estrogenic activity of BPA was lost, as shown by the yeast estrogen screen assay. 2,2-Azino-bis-(3-ethylthiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) was used as a mediator (laccase/mediator system) and significantly improved the laccase catalyzed elimination of BPA and TCS. The elimination of BPA in the absence of a mediator resulted in production of oligomers of molecular weights of 454, 680, and 906 amu as determined by mass spectra analysis. The elimination of TCS in the same conditions produced dimers, trimers, and tetramers of molecular weights of 574, 859, and 1146 amu. Ecotoxicological studies using Daphnia pulex to determine lethal concentration (LC50) showed an important reduction of the toxicity of BPA and TCS solutions after enzymatic treatments. Use of laccases emerges thus as a key alternative in the development of innovative wastewater treatment technologies. Moreover, the exploitation of local biodiversity appears as a potentially promising approach for identifying new efficient strains for biotechnological applications.

Aromatic intermediate formation during oxidative degradation of Bisphenol A by homogeneous sub-stoichiometric Fenton reaction

The elimination of Bisphenol A (BPA) from contaminated waters is an urgent challenge. This contribution focuses on BPA degradation by homogeneous Fenton reagent based on reactive OH radicals. Pronounced sub-stoichiometric amounts of H 2O 2 oxidant were used to simulate economically viable processes and operation under not fully controlled conditions, as for example in in situ groundwater remediation. Aside from the most abundant benzenediols and the monohydroxylated BPA intermediate (which were detected as stable intermediates in earlier contributions), a wide array of aromatic products in the molecular weight range between 94 Da (phenol) and ∼500 Da could be detected, the overwhelming majority of which have not been reported thus far. The identification was carried out by GC/MS analysis of trimethylsilyl ethers. The structural assignments were confirmed through the use of fully deuterated [ 2H 16] BPA as the substrate, as well as using retention indices calculated on the basis of the increment system. The occurrence of aromatic intermediates larger than BPA, which typically share either a biphenyl- or a diphenylether structure, can be explained by oxidative coupling reactions of stabilized free radicals or by the addition of organoradicals (organocations) onto BPA molecules or benzenediols. The hydroxycyclohexadienyl radical of BPA was recognized to play central role in the degradation pathways. Ring opening products, including lactic, acetic and dicarboxylic acids, could be detected in addition to aromatic intermediates. Since some of those intermediates and products are recalcitrant to further oxidation under the conditions of sub-stoichiometric Fenton reaction, they should be carefully considered when designing and optimizing Fenton-driven remediation systems.

Toxicokinetics of waterborne bisphenol a in landlocked salmon (Salmo salar m. Sebago) eggs at various temperatures

Eye-pigmented eggs of landlocked salmon were exposed to waterborne [14C]-labeled bisphenol A at four temperatures (2, 6, 8, and 12 degrees C). Both in accumulation and depuration experiments, the eggs were exposed to a bisphenol A concentration of 1 microg/L for 196 h. In the depuration experiment, the exposed eggs were placed into clean water for 96 h. At each sampling time, the eggs were dissected into three parts (eggshell, embryo, and yolk sac), and all of these parts were weighed and analyzed separately in a liquid scintillation counter. The results show that waterborne bisphenol A accumulates in developing salmon eggs. Accumulation of bisphenol A showed a clear trend both in whole eggs and in dissected parts: the higher the temperature, the higher the uptake rate constant and the concentration of bisphenol A. Steady state was reached only in the embryos at the lowest temperature; in other cases, accumulation was linear. Depuration was significant only in the embryos at 2 and 6 degrees C. As the accumulation and the depuration results show, the elimination of bisphenol A was evidently more significant at lower temperatures.