Eliminate Gender Discrimination Research Articles

Causes of Gender Bias in Chinas Education and Its Countermeasures

The existence of gender bias in education is a complex issue in the context of Chinese society. Through an in-depth study of the phenomenon of gender differences in China's cultural, historical, political, and economic contexts, this paper reveals the specific reasons behind it, its manifestations, and the effects it brings. Besides, some concrete suggestions and measures are also put forward. It can be concluded from the analysis that teachers hold different expectations and different educational attitudes towards students of different genders in the educational environment. The prejudice caused by such gender stereotyping will be consciously or unconsciously manifested in their teaching as well as in their contact with students. This will have an inescapable impact on students' academic development and career development. In order to eliminate gender discrimination in education, a series of measures need to be taken. Firstly, traditional cultural and socially perceived prejudices should be changed to improve the status and educational opportunities for women. Secondly, it is necessary to strengthen teachers' gender awareness and educational training so that they can focus on gender equality and justice in education. In addition, it is necessary to establish a fair and equal campus culture and evaluation system to encourage students to fulfil their potential and strengths.

Utilizing Baidu index data to understand the spatio-temporal characteristics of public interest towards gender discrimination

Gender equality has always been a hot topic of global concern. This study aims to understand the temporal and spatial characteristics of public interest towards gender discrimination in China, providing information support for eliminating gender discrimination and promoting social equity in China, to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 5. It uses the Baidu Index as the research tool, selecting gender discrimination as the keyword, taking July 1, 2013, to October 13, 2022, as the research interval to analyze the trend research, demand map, and population portrait of gender discrimination. It is found that the search trend of gender discrimination is slowly rising year by year, from the overall trend of personal computers (PC) and mobile. The peak appears periodically during the Spring Festival and summer vacation each year; "Gender discrimination" has a significant peak in early March 2017 and mid-June 2022. Additionally, the public also shows great concern for discrimination and racial discrimination. Most netizens who pay attention to gender discrimination come from East China.
 Keywords: Baidu index; gender discrimination; public interest; search engine; social concern

Assessing state commitment to gender equality: A feminist legal perspective on legislative processes in Indonesia and beyond

This study determines how feminism evaluates the State's understanding of and commitment to gender equality in the legislative process. The sociolegal research method was utilised, and the primary theoretical framework that guided this investigation was feminist legal theory. Although this research is focused on the experiences of Indonesia, the findings of this study can also serve as a reflection of those of other countries. Even though gender equality is strongly linked to discrimination based on gender, the public often views it as inconsequential. The establishment of the CEDAW, a milestone in the fight against gender inequality, especially for women, pushes the State or government to ratify the Convention by making it a national law. CEDAW does not guarantee that a country is free from all forms of discrimination against women; more measures are needed, such as establishing a law to eliminate gender discrimination and realising and preserving the right. Legislation, as intended, is inadequate for guaranteeing that gender discrimination has been eliminated from a country; a solid commitment to attaining gender equality, in short, respecting the law and its execution, is essential. Law enforcement, removing discrimination, and protecting human rights are closely related. This study will show how law and its enforcement affect gender equality in Indonesia. Dedication to gender equality can be used as a reference for legal relations and gender equality enforcement, which can be used as a resource for legal change and the recognition that gender equality is not a small matter and demands state commitment.

Gender disparity in job responsibility allocation at Ajegunle community project in Lagos, Nigeria

Gender disparity in job responsibility allocation at Ajegunle community project in Lagos, Nigeria

Exploring the Impact of the Two-Child Policy on Women's Employment Situation in Television Drama 'Two-Child Era'

This paper examines the impact of Chinas two-child policy on womens employment rights through the lens of the television drama Two-Child Era. While the policy has successfully addressed the problem of an ageing population, it has also intensified gender discrimination in the workplace. The drama depicts the challenges faced by Jin Cancan, a working mother who decides to have a second child in compliance with the national policy. The conflict between her family responsibilities and professional duties highlights the difficulties women encounter when seeking to return to the workplace. Using literature analysis and content analysis methods, this paper investigates the influence of the two-child policy on womens employment rights, identifies the causes of gender discrimination in the workplace, and proposes countermeasures to mitigate its negative impact. The study suggests that eliminating gender discrimination requires comprehensive approaches that address legal provisions, policy formulation, and cultural transformation. The paper also concludes that empowering women through education and training can be crucial as well in overcoming societal stereotypes and promoting gender equality.

"When a Father Speaks, the Child Cannot Answer Back": Patriarchal Anxiety, Gender Equality, and Malian State Authority

Abstract: In long intertwined constructions of political and household authority, the figure of the domestic patriarch has served as an analogy for the centralized postcolonial state of Mali, even as it clashes with discourses of natural rights stemming from the European Enlightenment. In early twentyfirst-century Mali, anxieties ran rampant among senior men who feared losing their status and privileges. These anxieties came to a head during efforts by the Malian government and civil-society groups to eliminate gender discrimination from Malian family law in the early 2000s. A broad coalition of patriarchal interests emerged to defend senior males' prerogatives against the perceived threats posed by gender equality. This backlash challenged the legitimacy of Mali's governing elite and exposed its weaknesses in the run-up to Mali's 2012 political collapse.

"When a Father Speaks, the Child Cannot Answer Back": Patriarchal Anxiety, Gender Equality, and Malian State Authority

Abstract: In long intertwined constructions of political and household authority, the figure of the domestic patriarch has served as an analogy for the centralized postcolonial state of Mali, even as it clashes with discourses of natural rights stemming from the European Enlightenment. In early twentyfirst-century Mali, anxieties ran rampant among senior men who feared losing their status and privileges. These anxieties came to a head during efforts by the Malian government and civil-society groups to eliminate gender discrimination from Malian family law in the early 2000s. A broad coalition of patriarchal interests emerged to defend senior males' prerogatives against the perceived threats posed by gender equality. This backlash challenged the legitimacy of Mali's governing elite and exposed its weaknesses in the run-up to Mali's 2012 political collapse.

Reversal of the Rights and Obligations of Gender Equality (Case Study of Rights, Participation in the Discrimination of Female Workers in Cigarette Factory in Malang City)

<p><em>Changes in people's behavior towards women's lack of equality and human rights Women as a whole have not been able to gain the right to grow and equate with men. Women tend to become marginalized individuals and become subordinate to men. We know why many cigarette factories employ women as laborers, while men are employed in important roles such as corporate managers, overseers, and staff of tobacco companies. So why are there so many women who are placed as workers or regular employees? This indicates a lack of equality for women</em><em>,</em><em> </em><em>a</em><em>nd always assume that man is still regarded as a strong figure and responsible for finding and positioning the company or factory. Whereas women are weaker figures assigned to organize and as ordinary employers may even be merely appropriate for household affairs. When women enter the world of work, they are still faced with disenchanted behavior and a lack of justice for equality between men and women. In the competition of the working world, women are also in the lowest position compared with men. It is needed to give women opportunities to get equal access to men. This goal can be realized if the regulations made by the state are carried out properly and if the company is committed to giving fair treatment to women, eliminating gender discrimination, and providing human rights and equality between men and women.</em></p>

Role of Literacy & Non-Formal Basic Education Department, Punjab in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

According to Article 25-A of the constitution of Pakistan, Basic Education is the right of every child and Pakistan is also signatory of Dakar Framework for Action. To achieve Education for All Goals, Government of Punjab established Literacy & Non Formal Basic Education Department (L&NFBED) in 2002, to provide basic education to drop out/ out of school children by opening Non Formal Basic Education Schools (NFBES). The purpose of the study was to identify initiatives taken by the L&NFBED for achieving SDGs, challenges regarding quality education and to suggest suitable strategies for quality education. The population was comprised on NFBES of Punjab. Multi-stage Sample was selected through Census and Convenient sampling. A questionnaire was developed to acquire quantitative and qualitative data. The obtained data was analyzed and it was found that majority of respondents viewed that before opening NFBES, base line survey is conducted, teachers are hired after interview, Centre Kit and Learner Kit is provided. Induction and cluster training for teachers is arranged. Sixty percent enrollment in NFBES is of girls and poorest segment of the society is enrolled to eliminate gender discrimination, poverty and to give equal access to free education. Midterm and promotional assessment is conducted. Low teachers honorarium, home based schools, single teacher for six classes and non provision of non formal elementary education are challenges to achieve SDGs. It was suggested that Government of Punjab should increase teacher’s honorarium, hire additional science teachers in NFBES and establish Non Formal Elementary Schools.

Gender Equalization Studies in American Education

Whether at home or abroad, the status of women is constantly rising, which is true that women's own efforts, but the affirmative action around the world has also played an important role. The affirmative action movement of higher education aims to ease the problem of discrimination in higher education, increase the number of vulnerable students, build a diverse student group, and realize equal rights in the field of education. However, in practice, the gender-based admission policy of higher education has been criticized, and the public has received mixed praise and criticism. In the face of these arguments and challenges, the Supreme Court's decision has also made different understandings and interpretations, which has aroused controversy and doubts among policy makers and scholars. Critics have noted that the preference policy deliberately lowers the demands for women, which creates reverse discrimination against male applicants with higher scores. Supporters argue that treatment is to achieve real gender equality. Therefore, it is necessary to reflect on the equality and justice of gender equality. This paper mainly describes the brief history of gender equality in American education, studies the criterion of gender. It also discusses the legitimacy of gender equality measures in higher education, and the effect of gender equality in American higher education, which promotes women's social status to weaken or eliminate gender discrimination. It is through the above historical narration, basic concept clarification, goal certification and effect proof that this paper shows a defense theory of the gender equality movement in the field of American education, which gives a strong defense to this important milestone in the history of the feminist movement.Through analysis, this paper finds that the gender equality movement in the field of education in the United States is of great significance for safeguarding women's rights and safeguarding the justice of the United States Constitution. In recent years, the status of women in the field of education has been significantly improved, but there are still many problems in the judicial practice of women's rights, and the conservative forces still occupy the mainstream position in the courts. There is still a long way to go for equal rights in female education, which needs to be further upheld and defended to promote the actual implementation of equity and justice.

Analysis of Relationships between Cultural Gender Norms and Gender Gap

The gender gap is a continuous problem in the workplace and hinders opportunities for women. Despite its global narrowing over the last few decades, it has existed even in the most progressive and supportive of gender equity countries. Based on existing literature and research data, this paper searches for the deeper sociocultural factors behind the gap and provides suggestions for regulations on promoting gender equity and eliminating gender discrimination in the workplace. In short, the gender gap has divided radically since women gave birth to children, and the child penalty impacted women much more negatively than men. More radical policies on maternity and paternity leave may relieve women of the pressure of postpartum effects and encourage equal employment and equal pay.

Implications of Recent Chinese-language LGBT+ Films for Gender Equality Education

As a solution to gender discrimination that remains a serious problem today, gender equality education is receiving increasing attention around the globe. How to teach gender equality more effectively, in this context, becomes a pressing issue. The study takes eight Chinese-language LGBT+ films released in the past five years, including Tracey (2018), Dear Ex (2018), The Two Lives of Li Ermao (2019), All in My Family (2019), Twilight’s Kiss (2019), Your Name Engraved Herein (2020), Dear Tenant (2020), Secrets of 1979 (2021), as the analysis texts, aiming to find the educational implications of the films for gender equality and thus discuss the feasibility of applying them to classroom teaching. The study finds that Chinese-language LGBT+ films generally succeed in reflecting the difficulties faced by LGBT+ groups in corresponding regions. Although they are still not free from gender stereotypes, the negative impact of such can be dissipated through methods such as class discussions. Therefore, the study argues that Chinese-language LGBT+ films are generally meaningful and educational from the perspective of gender equality and can be used as teaching tools as long as they are carefully and critically examined. In this way, they can help eliminate gender discrimination and build respect for diverse sexualities.

GENDER EQUALITY PLAN FOR R&I. OBSERVATIONS BASED ON THE INITIAL EXPERIENCES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF SILESIA IN KATOWICE

The European Union has for many years been firmly committed to promoting gender equality in research and innovation (R&I). Despite this, the sector is still characterised by the persistence of structural barriers that prevent underrepresented groups from developing equally. To counteract this, those applying for Horizon Europe funding today must have a Gender Equality Plan (GEP). This study aims to present the theoretical and practical issues related to developing and implementing a Gender Equality Plan in R&I. However, this issue poses a challenge for many R&I entities (especially in Poland). The plan should, on the one hand, meet the requirements of the European Commission and, on the other, be a specific strategy designed to meet particular needs. Thus, the article explains: what precisely a GEP is and, what elements it should contain, how to create such a plan step by step, the EU recommendations in this respect are confronted with the first experiences of the University of Silesia in Katowice, and finally, it proves that a GEP is a proactive measure aimed at eliminating gender discrimination and identifying potential violations. At the same time, if taken seriously, it also can contribute to the construction and development of a real equal treatment policy in a workplace such as an R&I entity. Due to the rather practical (sofar) aspect of the issue, the article is primarily based on EU and national documents (both binding and soft, strategic). At the same time, the literature analysis is only complementary.

Gender Analysis of Children’s Activities in Pakistan

This paper estimates gender differences in children’s time allocation among four ordered options. It analyses the sample of boys and girls separately through a series of probit models using primary data. We compare the socio-economic determinants of boys’ and girls’ activities. The results suggest that boys are more likely to go to school as compared to girls with the increase in their age. The provision of schooling as an instrument to decrease child labour and home-care would affect boys more than girls. To make the adults literate (five years of education) only is not enough to eliminate the gender gap in schooling; a greater number of years of adult education is necessary. The female adult education may be devised to eliminate gender discrimination in child schooling. In the larger households, girls drop out of school and are absorbed in the labour market earlier than boys. The results further suggested that the use of resources is significantly different for boys’ and girls’ welfare. Thus, we conclude that girls can be a better target for increase in the welfare of all children in Pakistan.

The Role of Public Policy in Promoting Gender Equality in Malta: A Diachronic Approach

This article analyzes the major policy and regulatory framework of gender equality policies enacted in Malta between 1921-2021. A diachronic approach was adopted. A historical analysis of the development of gender equality policies was carried out by analyzing official documents. The data was consolidated with the findings which emerged from the twelve in-depth interviews held with key institutional actors. They were involved in the design and implementation of gender equality policies, procedures, and measures. Since Malta does not have an umbrella policy on gender equality, this is an important public policy field. Gender equality laws and policies have evolved over the years, often in a piecemeal manner, due to pressure from international bodies. Efforts have been made to eliminate gender discrimination in the public sector and service with the aim of establishing a standard for the private sector. Malta’s gender equality laws and policies have brought about change in some areas, but others need to be further developed. The Gender Equality Index devised by the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) shows that Malta has improved in some domains but not in others.

Social and communication construction of gender identity bywomen serving in the Armed Forces of Ukraine

The purpose of the studyis to characterize the trends in the construction and manifestationof gender identity by women serving in the armed forces of Ukraine. Research methods and techniques. The socio-psychological approach made it possible to apply the method of associative experiment, the results of which were cognitively interpreted. The associations obtained for the stimulus word «female military serviceman» were compared with the associations for the stimulus words «soldier (warrior)» and «woman», which made it possible to understand the respondents' ideas about masculinity and femininity.Results and discussion. The gender identification of a woman in the army is a dynamic process that aims to harmonize interactions with the military professional environment and military activities, and has three main trends: 1) the desire to meet the instructions of male ethics as a normative standard, to adhere to the gender patterns of the masculine society of the armed forces can cause dressing as a woman masks and construction of an insincere, faked gender identity, as a result of which internal genderconflict and psychological states of alienation, discomfort, dissonance and disharmony are possible; 2) distancing from traditional notions of femininity and assimilation of masculine models of gender behavior, which can contribute to the psychological support of women's professional military activities, if masculinity becomes a true full-fledged identity of a female military serviceman; 3) construction of a balanced military identity, which combines the features of the traditional identity of a soldier (warrior) and femininity. Conclusions. Eliminating gender discrimination and successfully ensuring gender equality in the Armed Forces of Ukraine depends not only on the expansion of women's rights and opportunities, but also on the integration of the gendercomponent into the educational programs of training specialists of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and permanent gender education aimed at increasing the level of gender literacy of female military personnel.Keywords: gender, army, identity, masculinity, femininity, gender equality, gender discrimination.

Issues of gender discrimination in Ukraine: legislative innovations and new challenges

The article examines the peculiarities of the implementation of gender policy by the Ukrainian state. The main features of international and European legislation aimed at eliminating gender discrimination and establishing the principle of equal treatment are studied. The terms found in the domestic legislation are analyzed – «discrimination», «affirmative actions». It is emphasized that a distinction should be made between the terms «smart adaptation» and «affirmative action». One example of positive action is the so-called gender quotas in elections.
 The author emphasizes that the equality of the sexes in the army, police, and other previously purely «male» professions is an indicative characteristic of the Ukrainian state's desire to be equal to the world's leading states in gender issues. Undoubtedly, this is a specific part of the objective process of real reality and the strengthening of the role and influence of women in society.
 The implementation of gender policy in Ukraine is considered on the example of the spheres of military service and so-called «peaceful» professions.
 Emphasis is placed on the fact that strict adherence to obligations under international agreements is a constitutional principle of the Ukrainian state. Legislative changes help eliminate inequalities between women in the use of rights compared to men. However, it should be borne in mind that both men and women are equal but not similar in terms of, at least, physiological characteristics. Providing the same mechanism for realizing their potential should not be an obstacle to ensuring special rights tied to the objective natural features of the articles. Additional preconditions for self-realization can be borne by additional risks – demographic, psychological, mental, etc. for a particular person and society as a whole. It is important to find a reasonable relationship between the protection of women’s rights and freedoms and the systematic use of their resources.

Incarcerated women’s lived experience: a study in Dessie and Woldia correctional centers, Ethiopia

PurposeThis study aims to examine the reasons for and the challenges of women’s incarceration coupled with the threats for their reintegration upon release with a focus on the correctional centers at Dessie and Woldia cities.Design/methodology/approachThis study used quantitative and qualitative research methods with cross-sectional and descriptive research design used to collect the quantitative data, and key informant interviews and participant observation were used to collect the qualitative data. A sample of 60 women prisoners was taken from both correctional centers. The quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, respectivelyFindingsFindings of the study indicate that family backgrounds, gender-based violence, illiteracy and socio-economic problems were the causes for the women’s imprisonment. The women perpetrators were mainly accused of theft, vandalism, murder and moral perversion. Poor detention environment, worry for the family breakup, emotional instability, financial hardships and deprivation of spiritual life were the major sources of distress among the incarcerated women, whereas social stigma, lack of trust and fear of revenge were the threats to reintegrate to their families and communities.Research limitations/implicationsThis study involved incarcerated women at the correctional centers in Dessie and Woldia who committed various types of crimes. Because the informant women were imprisoned for violating certain established rules and regulations, they might have withheld some relevant issues to this research, which they thought were secret and personal. In addition, the women at the correctional centers might not have felt secure to speak more openly about their worst experiences at prison for fear they should face administrative challenges stemming from disclosing their real-life situations as incarcerated persons. The authors thus believe that further research is needed to uncover facts about women’s criminality and the experiences of women inmates at correctional centers.Practical implicationsThe findings of this research do have practical implications as explained below. The local government sectors and non-governmental organizations will benefit from the study so as to develop feasible strategies to mitigate women’s criminality and scale down the increasing number of female perpetrators (prisoners). Local government and non-governmental entities (bodies) can easily identify the violent behaviors of husbands that cause women’s criminality and design comprehensive awareness creation strategies toward reducing hostile gender relations. Governmental and non-governmental stakeholders including the local communities will be able to advocate gender equality programs aiming at eliminating gender discrimination and abuses that exacerbate women’s criminality. Incarceration centers will improve access to education and vocational training to female inmates so that beneficiaries will acquire relevant knowledge and skills to enter into the local labor market to sustain themselves and their families upon release from prison.Originality/valueThis is an original paper with a fresh perspective regarding the lived experiences of women at the prisons of study area guided by popular criminological theories. Thus, the research work would be used as a literature of the study area and help government and non-government bodies to prepare policies and guidelines. Most particularly, the Woldia and Dessie correctional centers would benefit from this paper to develop essential plans and take measures about the adverse situation of incarcerated women.

KONSEP NUSYUZ MENURUT SYEKH NAWAWI AL-BANTANI DAN MUHAMMAD SYAHRUR

This study examines the public’s lack of understanding of the NUSYUZ concept, which still means discrimination against one gender only. Scholars also interpret it not only to punish one party. However, there are still many who understand that NUSYUZ is an act of a wife who disobeys her husband, it could also be a husband who is NUSYUZ against his wife, and here the author wants to examine the lack of understanding of NUSYUZ which is still discrimination from gender issues. The purpose of this study is to eliminate gender discrimination from the concept of NUSYUZ that exists in the wider community, there are none other than wives who are NUSYUZ against their husbands and husbands who are NUSYUZ against their wives. In this study using the Library Research method or library research, by reading and dissecting books and previous studies in order to find the problem of gender deviations that occur in the NUSYUZ concept. The results of this study state that the concept of Nusyuz according to Sheikh Nawawi Al-Bantani that it is permissible to reprimand with physical touch as long as it does not cause injury, Muhammad Syahrur’s concept makes women honor. While the content discussed is gender equality and eliminating discrimination against men and women, the benefits resulting from the loss of discrimination make everyone bear the same burden between the relationships of men and women who are already married.

Gender Bias and Stereotypes in Medicine: A Medical Student Experience

Gender bias is a universal phenomenon that is strongly embedded in human society. Its omnipresence originates consequences that have a lasting structural impact. Despite social, scientific, and cultural changes, gender discrimination remains prevalent in the twenty-first century. In this paper, we describe a situation in which a medical student was discouraged by a professor when she expressed the professional path she intended to pursue in the future just because of her gender. In addition, we discuss possible solutions such as raising awareness, developing educational programs, increasing women representation, and addressing everyone’s needs. It is imperative that we, as a society, educate ourselves in identifying stereotypes and gender-biased situations to eliminate gender discrimination in science and in our systems.