Original Element Research Articles

Любовь и теократия: путь к божественному совершенству в философии Фр. Баадера и Вл. Соловьева

The article analyzes the most original fragment of the philosophical system of V.S. Solovyov – his idea that humanity can move towards the Kingdom of God on earth, towards divine perfection, through ideal sexual love and through an ideal form of government, theocracy. The authors substantiate the hypothesis that Solovyov borrowed this concept from the writings of the German philosopher Franz Baader. The analysis of Baader's concept led to the conclusion that he understood sexual love in its ideal form, that is, made free from the predominance of physical passion in it, as the only possible form of transformation of individuals from an imperfect, sinful state into a divine state. Theocracy, understood as a way of direct rule of God through an organic synthesis of state and church, plays the same role at the level of humanity. The authors of the article show that Solovyov significantly modified and specified this concept, but retained its general content. The article proves the direct connection of the philosophical system of Baader and his predecessor K. Eckartshausen with the tradition of Gnostic Christianity and with the doctrine of the world and man, set forth in the most famous Gnostic apocrypha (Apocrypha of John and the Gospel of Philip). This allows authors to conclude that Solovyov’s system in its most original and meaningful elements develops the tradition of Gnostic Christianity and cannot be reduced to ideas characteristic of the dogmatic teaching of the church, as Solovyov’s Orthodox critics insist (E.N. Trubetskoy, A.F. Losev and others).

Limit States of Shallow Bridge Foundations With Sheet Piling Covers

This article presents an analytical method which takes into account the beneficial effects of the sheet piling located around the foundation in the calculations of ULS and SLS of shallow foundations. The analytical method proposed by the author was described in detail on the example of a “theoretical bridge” with the assumed geometry and loads as well as with the assumed subsoil and water conditions under the bridge. The stresses in the subsoil under the foundation and the settlement were determined. The author’s method was also used to calculate the foundation settlement of an “existing bridge” located in Gdańsk (Poland). In both cases, the results were compared with the results obtained using PLAXIS 3D Advanced 2023.1 and additionally with geodetic measurements for “existing bridge”. The author’s proposal was based on the EN 1997-1: Eurocode 7 standard applicable in the European Union. It has original elements that are not included in the cited standard. The proposed method is not the only one that could be used to assess the limit states of shallow foundations with sheet piling cover. However, it is based on the applicable regulations, gives similar results to the results obtained with FEM and geodetic measurements.

Лингвокультурное освоение заимствований в сетевом медиадискурсе как проявление процессов глокализации

The work analyzes some innovative phenomena in the Russian language as a manifestation of glocalization in the online media discourse. The article focuses on the phenomenon of linguacultural assimilation of borrowings, which consists in the lexical, word-formation, grammatical and linguapragmatic transformation of root or affix elements of foreign language origin in accordance with the original Russian models of language implementation of lexemes, word forms and pragmemes. This assimilation process reflects the principles of the linguistic conceptualization of the world characteristic of a particular nation. The purpose of the study is to describe the current linguistic, communicative, pragmatic, cognitive and discursive features of this process in the Russian online media discourse. The research is based on the principles of the cognitive and discursive approach, methods of integrative analysis of Internet communication, as well as on the ideas of pragmalinguistic description of the emotional and evaluative sphere of language signs. The language data of the newspaper corpus in the Russian National Corpus is analyzed. The features of acculturation of borrowings at the lexical and semantic, formal and grammatical levels of the language are described. Particular attention is paid to communicative and pragmatic cultural russification of foreign language elements, which lies in the fact that words with a foreign language component at a certain stage of their functioning expand the possible areas of use, going beyond the initially specialized area of use associated with the realities of computer technology, Internet communications and social networks. Based on the analysis of such lexemes as flud / fludit’, frend / frendit’, ban / banit’ (zabanit’), spam / spamit’ (zaspamit’), troll’ / trolit’ (zatrollit’), it is concluded that the reflexes of the language expansion of new formations with a foreign language component considered in the work contribute to increasing the expressive and linguacreative potential of the Russian language.

Virtual reality as a tool to enhance the efficiency and reliability of the virtual reconstruction process for heritage/archaeological sites: The case of umm Al-Jimal in Jordan

The growing attention towards reconstruction, driven by its potential to promote sustainable heritage preservation, is impacted by a shortage of the data, sources, and interpretive methods employed in virtual reconstruction. Consequently, the public (individuals and reviewers/Professionals) faces challenges in determining between the original elements and the added elements, in addition to identifying the origin of the new elements. Despite researchers' efforts to implement virtual reality as a solution, its effectiveness is constrained to the end outcome due to the lack of integration of reconstruction information. A set of factors contribute to the challenge of incorporating interactive information into virtual reality, including the researcher's expertise in virtual reality software and the deterministic nature of the C programming language. This necessitates the development of more user-friendly methods to support researchers in reducing the shortage and limitations. As a result, the study aims to develop a method for simplifying the process of transferring virtual reconstruction operations to virtual reality and test its efficiency through interviews with individuals and reviewers/Professionals. This is accomplished through the integration of virtual reconstruction steps with the Unreal Engine program, which serves as a virtual reality platform and is easier to program than Unity which is more prevalent in heritage research. The findings delivered a more efficient approach to collecting diverse sources and integrating them into one platform simply. This approach also facilitates direct communication between reviewers/Professionals and researchers, thereby enhancing the efficiency of the reconstruction peer review process. Furthermore, the utilization of virtual reality has played an important role in enhancing comprehension between what is the origin and added, as well as facilitating the validation of the rebuilding procedure among individuals and reviewers/Professionals.

A machine learning surrogate model for time of flight diffraction measurements of rough defects

Understanding the uncertainty in nondestructive evaluation measurements of rough defects requires a stochastic analysis due to the random variation between the morphology of different defects. In previous studies, large numbers of finite element models of randomly generated rough defects have been run in order to gain an insight into the statistics of the uncertain results. This approach is limited due to the time taken to run each individual model (typically of the order of minutes per model) and so the total number of models run is limited. In this paper, a surrogate model approach is proposed which produces close approximations to an original finite element model of a time-of-flight diffraction measurement, but in a small fraction of the time (<1 ms). The surrogate model is trained on pairs of input (rough defect) and output (A-scan) data from the finite element model; the surrogate then learns the relationship between inputs and outputs and is then able to generate new results. The architecture employed is a machine learning sequence-to-sequence approach similar to those used in natural language algorithms, based on the idea of ‘translating’ between defect to A-scan. In this study, a surrogate model was trained on 2160 finite element results which spanned across a range of ultrasonic incidence angles, rough defect correlation length and root-mean-square roughness. The surrogate model is shown to produce A-scans with close agreement to those produced by the original finite element model; taking approximately 0.425 ms instead of approximately 8 min. Millions of results are then possible in seconds, rather than the decades that would be required for finite element studies; more complete stochastic analysis are therefore now viable.

Recent Progress of Advanced Functional Separators in Lithium Metal Batteries.

As a representative in the post-lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) landscape, lithium metal batteries (LMBs) exhibit high-energy densities but suffer from low coulombic efficiencies and short cycling lifetimes due to dendrite formation and complex side reactions. Separator modification holds the most promise in overcoming these challenges because it utilizes the original elements of LMBs. In this review, separators designed to address critical issues in LMBs that are fatal to their destiny according to the target electrodes are focused on. On the lithium anode side, functional separators reduce dendrite propagation with a conductive lithiophilic layer and a uniform Li-ion channel or form a stable solid electrolyte interphase layer through the continuous release of active agents. The classification of functional separators solving the degradation stemming from the cathodes, which has often been overlooked, is summarized. Structural deterioration and the resulting leakage from cathode materials are suppressed by acidic impurity scavenging, transition metal ion capture, and polysulfide shuttle effect inhibition from functional separators. Furthermore, flame-retardant separators for preventing LMB safety issues and multifunctional separators are discussed. Further expansion of functional separators can be effectively utilized in other types of batteries, indicating that intensive and extensive research on functional separators is expected to continue in LIBs.

A hierarchic isogeometric hyperelastic solid-shell

The present study aims to develop an original solid-like shell element for large deformation analysis of hyperelastic shell structures in the context of isogeometric analysis (IGA). The presented model includes a new variable to describe the thickness change of the shell and allows for the application of unmodified three-dimensional constitutive laws defined in curvilinear coordinate systems and the analysis of variable thickness shells. In this way, the thickness locking affecting standard solid-shell-like models is cured by enhancing the thickness strain by exploiting a hierarchical approach, allowing linear transversal strains. Furthermore, a patch-wise reduced integration scheme is adopted for computational efficiency reasons and to annihilate shear and membrane locking. In addition, the Mixed-Integration Point (MIP) format is extended to hyperelastic materials to improve the convergence behaviour, hence the efficiency, in Newton iterations. Using benchmark problems, it is shown that the proposed model is reliable and resolves locking issues that were present in the previously published isogeometric solid-shell formulations.

Affine diffractive beam dividers.

Diffractive optical elements that divide an input beam into a set of replicas are used in many optical applications ranging from image processing to communications. Their design requires time-consuming optimization processes, which, for a given number of generated beams, are to be separately treated for one-dimensional and two-dimensional cases because the corresponding optimal efficiencies may be different. After generalizing their Fourier treatment, we prove that, once a particular divider has been designed, its transmission function can be used to generate numberless other dividers through affine transforms that preserve the efficiency of the original element without requiring any further optimization.

The Suite for Piano in the Creation of George Enescu and Constantin Silvestri - Tradition and Originality

The composers George Enescu and Constantin Silvestri played an important role in the evolution of the piano suite genre in the Romanian music of the 20th century. The Piano Suite in D major op. 10 (1901-1903) by G. Enescu combines elements of baroque origins with elements of French music (present especially in the music of Ravel and Debussy) and elements of folklore influence from genres of Romanian traditional folk music (doinas and dances ). The Suite III op.6 no. 1 (1933) by Constantin Silvestri includes pieces that feature an Expressionist theme. The melody is defined by a fusion between improvisation and rigorous organization. The presence within the same piece of some songs of diatonic structure with intensely chromatic songs stands out. The two suites for piano reflect the concern of the composers G. Enescu and C. Silvestri to widen the sphere of expression of a traditional framework, achieving this through the originality of their compositional language.

The impact of education on the transition from university students to entrepreneurs: a theory of planned behaviour perspective

PurposeEntrepreneurship represents a complex decision-making process capable of influencing the conditions of a socio-economic system. For this reason, stimulating entrepreneurship is a topic that has always fascinated scholars and attracted the attention of public policy makers. This study, from the perspective of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), aims to contribute to the analysis of entrepreneurial intention (EI) in university students. Factors such as entrepreneurship education (EE), mediation of personal attitude (PA), perceived behavioural control (PBC), EI, regulatory support (RS) and opportunity recognition (OR) for university students.Design/methodology/approachResearch data was collected using a questionnaire, and a cross-sectional sample was selected from senior business and engineering students who are most likely to participate in entrepreneurial activities. The survey was conducted in the Delhi NCR region. 240 students were interviewed. Partial least square structural equation modelling using SmartPLS-4 was used to test the explanatory and predictive power of the proposed model.FindingsThe results of this study offer interesting contributions to the academic debate. First, EE has a significant impact on PA, PBC and entrepreneurial intentionality. Second, PBC, recognition of opportunities and EI have a significant impact on entrepreneurial education. Finally, PA and PBC significantly mediate the “entrepreneurial education – entrepreneurial intention” relationship.Originality/valueInteresting elements of originality are offered by this study. First, entrepreneurship is studied as a decision-making process influenced by intentions and not behaviours. Second, the authors limited the efforts to unraveling the effect of the five variables on the formation of EI. Finally, the large size of the sample allows the authors to obtain significant results, directing future studies to other territorial contexts. Additionally, incorporating some control variables, such as gender and family background, would explore the relationship between the model variables more meaningfully.

Geometric analysis of early Ottoman tombs within the context of conservation studies

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to provide a dataset about geometrical constructions of early Ottoman tombs for conservation studies. Thus, a proposal for the restitution phase of the damaged tombs aims to develop.Design/methodology/approachThe study is composed of four phases. First, the representative plan and section drawings of early Ottoman Tombs were redrawn; second, a geometrical analysis was made, a proposal table was prepared for the restitution of the damaged tombs; and last, this table was applied to tomb examples and restitution drawings are verified with the original situation of the tombs.FindingsEarly Ottoman tombs may be interpreted through geometric shapes, including the square, circle, triangle, octagon, arsin grid and quadrature systems. The arsin grid system provides information about the position of the domes and the height of the drums and windows. Quadrature establishes the highest point of domes and entrances. The proposal table, developed from the obtained results, facilitated the identification of the original elements, including the dome, drum, window and portal. This information is crucial for conducting further studies on restitution.Originality/valueThe abundance and dispersed nature of tomb structures compared to other architectural designs pose challenges in their scholarly examination. The early Ottoman tombs, which experienced an increase in numbers following the Conquest of Istanbul, serve as the initial expressions and embodiments of novel architectural endeavors. Thus, the determination of design ideas of the early Ottoman tombs sheds light on Ottoman architectural practice, which has remained largely unknown and guided the conservation studies of the tombs that have lost their integrity and originality.

Understanding the Cultural Reality of Shinobi through the Anime Series of Naruto &amp; Naruto Shippūden

Naruto and Naruto Shippūden are the anime series adapted from Masashi Kishimoto’s manga. The Naruto series aired in Japan from 2002-2007, while Naruto Shippūden was from 2007-2017. These animes are interconnected, Naruto is part one and Naruto Shippūden is part two. These animes took some of the original traditions of the Shinobi though not the same. Indeed, Shinobi is real and not a myth. If studied historically, Shinobi were considered ancient warriors of Japan other than the Samurai-侍. Nevertheless, the theory about the birth of the Shinobi is complicated to trace, but Shinobi existed in feudal Japan, especially during the Sengoku Jidai-戦国時代. This research tries to examine the cultural reality and facts of the Shinobi in the Naruto and Naruto Shippūden series. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The result of this study shows that Naruto and Naruto Shippūden adopted the reality of the Japanese Shinobi. Some of the original Shinobi elements were adopted in this anime such as the use of weapons, hand seals, the use of nature elements, and so on. Through these animes, viewers are invited to recognize the traditions of the Japanese Ninja world.

Novel numerical method for uncertainty analysis of coupled vibro-acoustic problem considering thermal stress

Uncertainty is pervasive and exerts a profound influence in engineering practice. Uncertainty quantification is a primary task and of paramount importance in uncertainty analysis. To deal with both dependent and independent uncertain parameters in engineering problems, an improved multidimensional parallelepiped model (IMPM) is subsequently developed. Compared with traditional methods that entirely based on statistical features, more accurate uncertainty quantification results can be obtained by means of IMPM. To enhance the efficiency of uncertainty propagation analysis under IMPM, a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) surrogate model is constructed to replace the original time-consuming finite element simulation model. Eventually, the effectiveness of proposed models and numerical methods is validated through an engineering example involving the coupled vibro-acoustic system considering thermal stress of a hypersonic vehicle.

Discriminative power of DNA-based, volatilome, near infrared spectroscopy, elements and stable isotopes methods for the origin authentication of typical Italian mountain cheese using sPLS-DA modeling

Origin authentication methods are pivotal in counteracting frauds and provide evidence for certification systems. For these reasons, geographical origin authentication methods are used to ensure product origin. This study focused on the origin authentication (i.e. at the producer level) of a typical mountain cheese origin using various approaches, including shotgun metagenomics, volatilome, near infrared spectroscopy, stable isotopes, and elemental analyses. DNA-based analysis revealed that viral communities achieved a higher classification accuracy rate (97.4 ± 2.6 %) than bacterial communities (96.1 ± 4.0 %). Non-starter lactic acid bacteria and phages specific to each origin were identified. Volatile organic compounds exhibited potential clusters according to cheese origin, with a classification accuracy rate of 90.0 ± 11.1 %. Near-infrared spectroscopy showed lower discriminative power for cheese authentication, yielding only a 76.0 ± 31.6 % classification accuracy rate. Model performances were influenced by specific regions of the infrared spectrum, possibly associated with fat content, lipid profile and protein characteristics. Furthermore, we analyzed the elemental composition of mountain Caciotta cheese and identified significant differences in elements related to dairy equipment, macronutrients, and rare earth elements among different origins. The combination of elements and isotopes showed a decrease in authentication performance (97.0 ± 3.1 %) compared to the original element models, which were found to achieve the best classification accuracy rate (99.0 ± 0.01 %). Overall, our findings emphasize the potential of multi-omics techniques in cheese origin authentication and highlight the complexity of factors influencing cheese composition and hence typicity.

ЖЕРДІ ҚАШЫҚТЫҚТАН ЗОНДТАУ ӘДІСТЕРІН ПАЙДАЛАНА ОТЫРЫП, АУЫЛ ШАРУАШЫЛЫҒЫ АЛҚАПТАРЫНАН ДИФФУЗИЯЛЫҚ ЖЕР ҮСТІ АҒЫНЫНЫҢ ҚАРАТОМАР СУ ҚОЙМАСЫ СУЫНЫҢ САПАСЫНА ӘСЕРІН МОНИТОРИНГІЛЕУДІҢ НЕГІЗГІ ТӘСІЛДЕРІ

The article describes the implementation of a new methodological approach for assessing diffuse runoff of biogenic elements using calculated NDMI and NDCI L1 indices derived from satellite imagery data. The study focuses on analyzing the inflow of biogenic elements into the Karatomar Reservoir from agricultural fields by identifying control polygons in raster images and indexing them based on NDMI on land and NDCI L1 in the reservoir's water area. This method allowed the tracking of the formation and inflow of biogenic elements with surface runoff during the period from May to October 2021-2023, identifying the primary sources of pollution. The calculation of correlation significance indices showed high accuracy in the data obtained when analyzing the relationship between NDMI and NDCI L1 indices. During the research, regulatory requirements and scientific recommendations for data collection and processing using remote sensing methods were studied. This methodology could later serve as the basis for developing an automated system to monitor the diffuse flow of biogenic elements of anthropogenic or technogenic origin, using remote sensing tools. The goal would be to create mechanisms to prevent or reduce pollution of various surface water bodies, including lotic and lentic ecosystems.

Investigation of the Real Efficiency of a Decentralized Heat Recovery Ventilation System

The paper presents the measurement method and values of the temperatures of the incoming and outgoing air obtained as a result of the connection and automation of 4 decentralized heat recovery ventilation units into one system, and the measured results of the thermal efficiency of the entire system. The built system consists of four single-room heat recovery devices, which are integrated into an automated system. The built-in sensors can be used to measure the average temperature of the ventilated rooms or the current temperature and relative humidity of the air flowing through the ventilation units, as well as the carbon dioxide level of the rooms. The units received automation that complements the original individual control elements, which is capable of complex control tasks from any computing device, graphic interface and Wi-Fi connection. The units' sensors, which can be moved into the air stream, are suitable for the momentary measurement of the parameters of the flowing air, thereby estimating the thermal efficiency of the entire system.

RESEARCH OF THE DEFENSIVE HIGH WALL AND PROBABLE RELICS OF THE PRINCE'S RESIDENCE IN THENORTH-EASTERN PART OF LVIV'S MIDTOWN

The author describes the architectural and archaeological research conducted by him, or with his participation, of objects in the north-eastern part of the lviv's midtown, which probably belong to the period of the formation of a new part of the city, intended for the capital of the Rus kingdom (mid. XIII - mid. XIV c.). Described: 1 - features of a well-preserved fragment of the defensive high wall of the city, indicating its construction on a previously uninhabited area; 2 - mysterious relics of the original layout and elements of the late Romanesque architecture of the representative building, which was later incorporated into the monastic ensemble; 3 - masonry features and construction periodization of the circle of the main courtyard of the Dominican monastery, indicating two early stages of its construction: 2 half XIII century and the beginning 15th century; 4 – an archaeologically uncovered section of a part of a high wall, which had a distinctly representative character; 5 – a stone underground liturgical chest behind the main altar of the Church. A cursory historiographical review of the circumstances surrounding the establishment of the Dominican monastery in Lviv and a new interpretation of the sources in the light of the findings presented have been added. The research adds new arguments in favor of the localization of the palace-residence of Prince Lev Danylovych in this part of the Midtown, and it is even quite confident to interpret the preserved building structures and architectural elements as his relics. Key words: formation of Midtown, high defensive wall, princely palace-residence; Dominican monastery, masonry technique.

Cathode etching phenomenon of high beam-anode ion source and its elimination measures

High beam-anode layer ion source can produce high-density ions, and has been widely used in plasma cleaning and assisted deposition. However, when increasing the ion-beams, arcing always occurs inside the ion source and serious etching will take place on the cathode, which results in sample pollution especially in long-time cleaning. In this work, two structures are designed, which are magnetic shielding around the anode and sputtering shielding on the top of the inner cathode and outer cathode, respectively. Based on the particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision method and test particle Monte Carlo method, the influence of designed structure on the electromagnetic field and the plasma properties of the ion source are studied through self-established simulation technique. The results show that the magnetic shielding around the anode cuts off the magnetic induction line between the cathode and anode, eliminating the arcing condition in the ion source. The sputtering shielding for the cathode uses alumina ceramic because of its extremely low sputtering yield and high insulation performance. Therefore, the sputtering shields can not only resist the ion sputtering, but also shield the electric field on the outer surface of the cathode. As a result, the plasma discharge region is compressed towards the anode and away from the cathode simultaneously, which provides a stronger electric field force directing to the output region for Ar&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; ions, and also results in a suppressed cathode etching behavior but an improved Ar&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; ion output efficiency. The optimized calculation shows that the best distance from the sputtering shield to the cathode surface is 9 mm. The discharge experiments reveal that the modified ion source can eliminate the inside arcing and provide a clean and strong ion beam with a high efficiency. At the same discharge current, the output efficiency of the modified ion source is 36% higher than that of the original ion source. When used in the plasma cleaning, the glass substrate remains transparent and keeps the original element composition ratio unchanged. The detected Fe content, coming from the cathode sputtering, is only 0.03% after the one-hour plasma cleaning, which is 2 orders of magnitude smaller than that cleaned by the original ion source. The Fe content of the modified ion source is about 0.6% of the original ion source, which is in good agreement with the result of simulation optimization.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СТАНУ ЕКОНОМІЧНО АКТИВНОГО НАСЕЛЕННЯ КРАЇНИ

The article examines the essential characteristics of the state of the economically active population and defines its specific characteristics under the conditions of the Russian war in Ukraine. It is shown that the state of the economically active population is not stable, unchanged, which is explained by the presence of certain reasons. Among them, the following are highlighted: 1) a single, original element of the economically active population is a single person with his physiological and age limitations; 2) employment and unemployment are always derived from the degree of business activity in the country's national economy; 3) force majeure circumstances may occur in real life (natural disasters, military actions, etc.). It was noted that now, under the conditions of the war, there is a significant, almost critical excess of the outflow of the able-bodied population over its inflow. Since the definition of the concept of "economically active population" is based on the criterion of work, the work first, on the basis of an abstract-logical approach, defines the characteristic features of the processes of modern labor activity of working people, and then singles out negative changes in the content and nature of work during the destructive war. when workers are subjected to additional, significant physical, psychological and stressful load, the level of danger in labor activity increases. At the same time, emphasis was placed on the fundamentally new, positive trends of uniting workers into united labor teams with unified values and increased responsibility of each, due to the focus of all Ukrainians on achieving victory in the war. Some attention is paid to considering the problem of unemployment during the war, approaches to reducing the gap between the number of officially registered unemployed and the availability of job vacancies. The need to strengthen state regulation of all processes related to the state of the economically active population and intensifying the search for reserves to increase the efficiency of the use of the country's human production potential is substantiated. At the same time, the intensification of the activities of state employment services is of great importance, since they have a more reliable information base on the state of the economically active population at the territorial level.

On Translating Some Culture-specific Elements of Oriental Origin in Italian Translations of the Novel Na Drini Ćuprija by Ivo Andrić

Na Drini ćuprija (The Bridge on the Drina) is one of the most recognized and most popular novels by Nobel laureate Ivo Andrić. It has been translated into Italian twice – by Bruno Meriggi (Il ponte sulla Drina) in 1960 and by Dunja Badnjević in 2001. This novel is deeply rooted in the cultural and social context of the early 16th to early 20th century Bosnia and Herzegovina. Since the novel describes historical events and figures who marked four centuries in Višegrad and its surroundings (from the bridge construction in 1516 until its partial destruction in 1914), first under the Ottoman, and then under the Austro-Hungarian rule, it is only natural that many words of Oriental origin are a frequent occurrence in the novel. These words permeated the language of the locals at the time, but also trade, economy, and state affairs, and therefore Andrić decided to incorporate them in his writing - to paint an authentic picture of life in Bosnia and Herzegovina during that time. The focus of this paper is to excerpt the cultural realia of Oriental origin that denote state, social, and religious titles and occupations in the novel. The next step is to analyze these instances contrastively and examine their frequency in the original as well as their frequency in both Italian translations. It has been concluded that, since there is a significant spatial and cultural distance present, the identified realia do not exist in the Italian language repertoire and therefore they pose a problem for translators. Additionally, they are often seen as archaisms, historicisms, and regionalisms even in the contemporary Bosnian language because they have been suppressed from the lexical inventory due to different cultural and social changes that occurred over time.