Любовь и теократия: путь к божественному совершенству в философии Фр. Баадера и Вл. Соловьева

Abstract

The article analyzes the most original fragment of the philosophical system of V.S. Solovyov – his idea that humanity can move towards the Kingdom of God on earth, towards divine perfection, through ideal sexual love and through an ideal form of government, theocracy. The authors substantiate the hypothesis that Solovyov borrowed this concept from the writings of the German philosopher Franz Baader. The analysis of Baader's concept led to the conclusion that he understood sexual love in its ideal form, that is, made free from the predominance of physical passion in it, as the only possible form of transformation of individuals from an imperfect, sinful state into a divine state. Theocracy, understood as a way of direct rule of God through an organic synthesis of state and church, plays the same role at the level of humanity. The authors of the article show that Solovyov significantly modified and specified this concept, but retained its general content. The article proves the direct connection of the philosophical system of Baader and his predecessor K. Eckartshausen with the tradition of Gnostic Christianity and with the doctrine of the world and man, set forth in the most famous Gnostic apocrypha (Apocrypha of John and the Gospel of Philip). This allows authors to conclude that Solovyov’s system in its most original and meaningful elements develops the tradition of Gnostic Christianity and cannot be reduced to ideas characteristic of the dogmatic teaching of the church, as Solovyov’s Orthodox critics insist (E.N. Trubetskoy, A.F. Losev and others).