Elementary Technologies Research Articles

Elementary Piano Teaching Technologies In Music And Art Schools

This article discusses elementary piano teaching technologies in music and art schools. The main form of piano lessons is individual lessons. They have a number of advantages: they allow for close communication with students, and the ability to constantly find, correct, and update the means and methods of influencing each student’ creates a favorable environment for students to gain a deeper understanding of their identity, and so on. It is important to take into account the individual characteristics of young educators. However, the life of secondary special education and the practical process are different. There are situations that do not correspond to pedagogical theory.

Development of POLON—A Green Microsatellite Propulsion Module Utilizing 98% Hydrogen Peroxide

The following paper presents the key design and test activities associated with the development of POLON—a green microsatellite propulsion module using 98% Hydrogen Peroxide (HTP). POLON, which stands for “Polish Propulsion Module”, is the first step toward the development of a full, ready-to-be-commercialized satellite propulsion system at the Łukasiewicz—Institute of Aviation (Ł-IoA). The development of an entire microsatellite propulsion system within the frame of the POLON project effort is the natural milestone on the Ł-IoA green propulsion roadmap, which so far embodied research on fundamental HTP chemistry, work on elementary propulsion technologies, as well as the development of individual propulsion components. Within this article, POLON propulsion development logic is introduced first, and the major challenges associated with utilizing HTP for an orbital propulsion system are described. Consequently, the specific R&D activities aimed at mitigating the identified issues and risks are discussed. Those cover analytical as well as experimental work, including, but not limited to, HTP compatibility studies with candidate construction materials, waterhammer effect studies, HTP catalyst testing and evaluation, and propellant tank manufacturing studies. The initial results for those activities are presented and, finally, further development plans are discussed.

A New Thermal-Solar Field Configuration: The Rotatory Fresnel Collector or Sundial

A new type of Fresnel array has been devised and constructed as an answer to the need to reduce the investment costs of solar thermal collectors, without jeopardizing their efficiency in capturing solar radiation at high temperatures. The array of mirror bands is fixed onto a horizontal platform, which rotates around a virtual vertical axis, so that the sun is in the extrapolated vertical plane of symmetry of the array. The receptor central line is also placed in said plane, and it is physically made of at least one tube at each side of the plane. The geometrical relation between the mirrors and the receptor is therefore fixed. The platform rotates with the same speed as that of the sunlight’s azimuthal component. On the contrary, the angle of incidence of the sunlight on the mirrors changes as the sun rises and declines in its daily apparent motion, but this effect does not disturb the radiation concentration kinematics, although it induces a shift along the receptor. This is a new configuration based on the use of simple and cheap flat mirrors to obtain circular cylindrical mirrors. These mirrors are made of originally flat mirrors that are bent by applying an inexpensive and simple bending technique patented by our research group. The radius of curvature of each mirror is tuned to the distance from the mirror to the receiver central line. The integration of different scientific domains (such as structural analysis) and elementary technologies (such as 3D printing) in this innovative solar radiation concentrator and receiver can lead to a large reduction in costs. Nevertheless, the first experimental campaign has shown additional problems in the receiver configuration, which should be addressed in a next stage of research. This paper explains the methodology used and procedures in the development of the first prototype of the Sundial.

Development of a cell-free protein synthesis system for practical use.

Conventional cell-free protein synthesis systems had been the major platform to study the mechanism behind translating genetic information into proteins, as proven in the central dogma of molecular biology. Albeit being powerful research tools, most of the in vitro methods at the time failed to produce enough protein for practical use. Tremendous efforts were being made to overcome the limitations of in vitro translation systems, though mostly with limited success. While great knowledge was accumulated on the translation mechanism and ribosome structure, researchers rationalized that it may be impossible to fully reconstitute such a complex molecular process in a test tube. This review will examine how we have solved the difficulties holding back progress. Our newly developed cell-free protein synthesis system is based on wheat embryos and has many excellent characteristics, in addition to its high translation activity and robustness. Combined with other novel elementary technologies, we have established cell-free protein synthesis systems for practical use in research and applied sciences.

Micro-Operating Mechanism Approach for Regulatory Sandbox Policy Focused on Fintech

To determine the micro-operating mechanism(MoM) of enterprises participating in the regulatory sandbox policy in fintech, this study analyzes the structure of enterprise innovation competencies and derives relevant implications. The results reveal that large, middle-standing, and small and medium-sized enterprises focus on security, infrastructure, and user-related technology development, respectively, to enhance their innovation competencies. The security-related issues considered by large enterprises entail relatively high costs in initial technology development and are closely related to infrastructure building. Large enterprises are focused on developing overall security-related technologies, whereas middle-standing enterprises are striving to develop infrastructure-related technologies, with particular emphasis on elementary technologies. Small and medium-sized enterprises are also making efforts to develop user-centered technologies that can directly be used in fintech. As a method to implement regulatory sandboxes tailored to the needs of participating enterprises in South Korea, this study will help to determine the MoM of such participants and establish strategies to support them sustainably in terms of evidence-based policy.

Development of Sunlight Driven Water Splitting Devices towards Future Artificial Photosynthetic Industry

The ongoing research and development of sunlight-driven water splitting in the “Japan Technological Research Association of Artificial Photosynthetic Chemical Process (ARPChem)” is overviewed. Water splitting photocatalysts, photoelectrochemical devices, large-scale reactor panels, product gas transportation, H2/O2 gas separation devices and safety measures against explosion are included as the research objectives. ARPChem was formed as a research union of Japan’s leading chemical firms, in which related elementary technologies have been cultivated. This article introduces our general scope for artificial photosynthesis and describes present research activities, mainly on solar driven water splitting photocatalysts/photoelectrodes and briefly on the processes and plans for plant construction for future industrial extension.

Development of Appropriate Water Treatment Packages in Mongolia

This study investigated to choose the water treatment process prototype after carrying a field survey to construct E³ Water System in Mongolia which was chosen among the major target countries, selecting water quality evaluation standards, and drawing up elementary technologies applicable to the local areas. The process plan for was applied in Mongolia to catch water from underground water as the major source of water supply and the riverside filtered water which has better water quality. In addition, it was considered that the concentration of manganese and bacteria was detected more than our domestic standards or their standards through water quality analysis in Mongolia. In Mongolia, there was a problem that we should consider the pollutants in the water source due to climate change and industrial development. It is necessary to package and standardize each water treatment process suitable for water quality conditions and processing objectives for each region.

대용량 컨테이너 이송장치 기술개발 전략 연구

컨테이너 물동량 증대에 따라 항만 내 타부두 간 환적 물동량 수요가 크게 증대되었으나, 기존 YT 방식의 타부두 환적은 이를 효율적으로 뒷받침하지 못하고 있다. 본 논문은 컨테이너항만의 경쟁력 향상을 위한 컨테이너 대용량 이송장치 개발방안을 제시하였다. 시스템 대안의 장단점 분석과 국내 터미널 운영형태를 고려하여 2단적재 다중 편성시스템(DMTS)을 최종 대안으로 선정하였다. DMTS 회전반경은 13.5m로, 국내 기존 항만의 layout에서 즉시 운용 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 특허분석을 통하여 DMTS 핵심기술 항목으로서 현가 조향장치 최적설계, 동력 및 동력전달 장치, 주행제어 및 안전감시장치, 그리고 트레일러 간 연결기 등을 도출하였다. DMTS는 국내 수출입 항만에 적용하는데 문제가 없으며 단위 수송용량이 높아 운영 효율성 개선에 기여할 것으로 판단된다. This paper presents results of a study for development and application of container massive transportation system. The system is aimed to improve competing power of Korean container ports. This paper selects Double stack Multi-Trailer System (DMTS) under consideration of pros-con analysis between three systems alternatives as well as operation process of existing Korean container terminal companies. An analysis of turning radius is undertaken for applying the system. Key elementary technologies was derived by patent analysis. DMTS has no problems in utilization to existing Korean container ports. Further, the system is expected to highly potential to improve operational efficiency in the container ports thanks to its high unit transportation capacity.

Evaluation of advanced drainage treatment for old tunnel drainage system in Korea

This study was dealt with clogging problems of the drain aperture in old tunnels. The precipitates in the drainage were mainly generated by degradation of the tunnel concrete lining. The degradation was made by the chemical reaction between the concrete material and groundwater. If the degree of precipitation is high in the tunnel drainage, the groundwater cannot flow easily in it. Consequently, the groundwater level will go up, and this can lead to the highest water pressure which affects to the structural risk of tunnel. The degraded drainage causes to generate not only the structural stability of tunnel, but also the additional maintenance problem. Up to this time the technical study of preventing the scale for just tunnel drain aperture was rare. However, there are some preventive technologies about the scale for the industrial facilities such as oil pipe lines etc. There are two most popular technologies. One is Quantum Stick using Brown’s principle of quantum mechanics and the other one is Magnetizing device to inhibit the scale formation by changing the form of calcium carbonate particles. In this study, in order to improve the clogging problem in the tunnel drain aperture the elementary technologies were introduced. In addition, the laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate their applicability using the results from SEM and XRD analysis on the sediment generated during the test. As a result, Quantum Stick showed the reasonable effect of scale removing under the condition of more than velocity limit.

Types of learning in complex technological innovations

This paper examines how the knowledge base of a firm affects the generation of combinatorial innovations. Recent insights in the literature on organizational learning suggest that the degree of integration among bodies of specialized technological knowledge affects the outcomes of the innovation process. However, the literature is still in its infancy in terms of the relationship between the structure of the knowledge base and the degree of technological complexity of innovations. The present study aims at understanding this relationship. We take as our empirical case hydrocracking, a rather mature technology widely applied in the oil industry. Innovations in hydrocracking are based on the combination of elementary technologies relative to three technology areas: feeds and products, catalyst preparation, and refinery processing. Using detailed patent information, we find that a specialized knowledge base enables the generation of innovations characterized by both high and low levels of complexity – i.e. encompassing both few and many multiple technological domains, while related knowledge matters only for low-complexity innovations.

과학기술 핵심개체 인식기술 통합에 관한 연구

Large-scaled information extraction plays an important role in advanced information retrieval as well as question answering and summarization. Information extraction can be defined as a process of converting unstructured documents into formalized, tabular information, which consists of named-entity recognition, terminology extraction, coreference resolution and relation extraction. Since all the elementary technologies have been studied independently so far, it is not trivial to integrate all the necessary processes of information extraction due to the diversity of their input/output formation approaches and operating environments. As a result, it is difficult to handle scientific documents to extract both named-entities and technical terms at once. In order to extract these entities automatically from scientific documents at once, we developed a framework for scientific core entity extraction which embraces all the pivotal language processors, named-entity recognizer and terminology extractor.

유헬스 비즈니스 모델 분석 : 생명보험 산업의 변화를 중심으로

최근 들어 미국, 유럽 등 주요 선진국들은 유헬스 산업을 차세대 성장동력 산업으로 선정, 국가의 역량을 집결시키고 있으며, 국내외의 주요 기업들 역시 유헬스 산업에 경쟁적으로 진출하고 있다. 유헬스 산업이 갖는 높은 성장 잠재력과 파급효과에도 불구하고, 현재까지의 연구는 유헬스 기반 구축을 위한 요소기술에만 초점을 맞춰 왔다. 본 연구에서는 유헬스 산업 생태계 전반을 대상으로 하여 여러 분야에서 다양한 목적으로 추진되는 유헬스 비즈니스 모델을 체계적으로 분석하고자 한다. 이를 위해 우선 유헬스 산업의 가치 사슬을 분석하고 국내외에서 다양하게 추진되고 있는 비즈니스 모델을 탐색하였다. 또한 상대적으로 연구가 부족한 생명보험 산업을 대상으로 유헬스로 인한 향후 생명보험업의 변화를 분석하였다. Recently major developed countries such as U.S. and EU selected u-health as future growth engine industry, and concentrated their capabilities. Major companies all around the world entered this u-health business, too. Most of the research in this field have confined their research focus on the elementary technologies for infrastructure building. This research systematically investigates u-health business models with various objectives in various sub-fields. For this purpose, the value chain of u-health industry is analyzed, and then various business model cases are explored all around the world. Finally, the future changes possible to occur in the life insurance industries are analyzed.

대용량 자원 기반 과학기술 핵심개체 탐지를 위한 정보추출기술 통합에 관한 연구

Large-scaled information extraction plays an important role in advanced information retrieval as well as question answering and summarization. Information extraction can be defined as a process of converting unstructured documents into formalized, tabular information, which consists of named-entity recognition, terminology extraction, coreference resolution and relation extraction. Since all the elementary technologies have been studied independently so far, it is not trivial to integrate all the necessary processes of information extraction due to the diversity of their input/output formation approaches and operating environments. As a result, it is difficult to handle scientific documents to extract both named-entities and technical terms at once. In this study, we define scientific as a set of 10 types of named entities and technical terminologies in a biomedical domain. in order to automatically extract these entities from scientific documents at once, we develop a framework for scientific core entity extraction which embraces all the pivotal language processors, named-entity recognizer, co-reference resolver and terminology extractor. Each module of the integrated system has been evaluated with various corpus as well as KEEC 2009. The system will be utilized for various information service areas such as information retrieval, question-answering(Q&A), document indexing, dictionary construction, and so on.

3D-LSI technology for image sensor

Recently, the development of three-dimensional large-scale integration (3D-LSI) technologies has accelerated and has advanced from the research level or the limited production level to the investigation level, which might lead to mass production. By separating 3D-LSI technology into elementary technologies such as (1) through silicon via (TSV) formation, (2) bump formation, (3) wafer thinning, (4) chip/wafer alignment, and (5) chip/wafer stacking and reconstructing the entire process and structure, many methods to realize 3D-LSI devices can be developed. However, by considering a specific application, the supply chain of base wafers, and the purpose of 3D integration, a few suitable combinations can be identified. In this paper, we focus on the application of 3D-LSI technologies to image sensors. We describe the process and structure of the chip size package (CSP), developed on the basis of current and advanced 3D-LSI technologies, to be used in CMOS image sensors. Using the current LSI technologies, CSPs for 1.3 M, 2 M, and 5 M pixel CMOS image sensors were successfully fabricated without any performance degradation. 3D-LSI devices can be potentially employed in high-performance focal–plane-array image sensors. We propose a high-speed image sensor with an optical fill factor of 100% to be developed using next-generation 3D-LSI technology and fabricated using micro(μ)-bumps and micro(μ)-TSVs.

이온주입 제어에 의한 재료특성 개선에 관한 연구

In this study, techniques of ion implantation were used in order to improve the characteristics of metal materials such as the oxidation and wear resistant. In particular it is necessary to develope their oxidation and wear resistant that could be used in severe environmental conditions. There are mainly two elementary technologies including ion implantation and/or thin film coating. Ion implantation method was performed for surface modification. As a result, it was found that some ion implantations methods such as Nb, high-temperature Nb ion implantation and Nb+C combined implantation are somewhat effective for improving the oxidation resistance of TiAl alloy. Furthermore, the fluorine PBII treatment is more effective for improving the oxidation resistance of the TiAl alloy with three-dimensional shapes. The implantation of boron ion into thin film of TiN was also effective for improving the properties of materials like high temperature wear resistance. TiCrN film was applied to the actual seal ring for steam turbines, and it was observed that its sliding property showed a successfully good performance.

A study on development of advanced environmental-resistant materials using metal ion processing

The development of the oxidation, wear and corrosion resistant materials that could be used in severe environmental conditions is needed. The elementary technologies for surface modification include ion implantation and/or thin film coating. Furthermore, in order to develop ion implantation technique to the specimens with three-dimensional shapes, plasma-based ion implantation (PBII) techniques were investigated. As a result, it was found that the ion implantation and/or thin film coating used in this study were/was effective for improving the properties of materials, which include implantations of various kinds of ions into TiAl alloy, TiN films formed on surface of base material and coatings in high-temperature steam. The techniques proposed in this study provide useful information for all of the material systems required to use at elevated temperature. For the practical applications, several results will be presented along with laboratory test results.

Perspectives of elementary technologies for AC power applications of high temperature superconductors

To apply high temperature superconductors (HTS) to AC power apparatuses, R&Ds for AC loss reduction and quench protection of HTS wires are as important as R&Ds for high performance HTS wires. Perspectives of elementary technologies for the AC loss reduction and quench protection are presented in the paper.

Research and development of oxidation, wear and corrosion resistant materials at high temperature by surface modification using ion processing

A multi-year project has been carried out to develop the oxidation, wear and corrosion resistant materials at high temperature for saving energy or reducing discharge of CO 2. The elementary technologies for surface modification include ion implantation and/or thin film coating. Furthermore, plasma-based ion implantation (PBII) techniques were investigated for developing ion implantation technique to the specimens with three-dimensional shapes. As a result, it was found that the ion implantation with some elements including Nb, high-temperature Nb ion implantation and Nb+C combined implantations are effective for improving the oxidation resistance of TiAl alloy. Also, fluorine PBII treatment is effective for improving the oxidation resistance of the TiAl alloy with three-dimensional shapes. Furthermore, the thin film coating of high-Al alloys such as CoNiCrAlY, TiAlN and NiCrAl provide a promising surface modification method for improving the oxidation, wear and corrosion resistance of steels and alloys at high temperature. These effects are based on formation of a protective Al 2O 3 oxide scale on material surfaces. For practical application to sliding seal materials, the TiCrN film was applied to the actual seal ring for steam turbines, and its sliding properties were successful performance. The techniques proposed in this project provide useful information for all of the material systems required to use at elevated temperature. Several results of practical applications will be presented along with laboratory test results.

Verification tests of a 66 kV HTSC cable system for practical use (first cooling tests)

Tokyo Electric Power Company and Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. have been jointly developing elementary technologies for an high temperature superconducting (HTSC) cable system, such as conductor wound with HTSC wires, thermal insulation pipes, terminations and so on. Verification tests of a 100 m HTSC cable system integrating these elementary technologies have been conducted in collaboration with Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI) to verify its long term electric and cryogenic properties. The cable conductor is composed of four layers of Bi-2223 wires wound spirally around a former. Polypropylene laminated paper impregnated with liquid nitrogen is adopted as cable insulation for its properties of high insulation strength and low dielectric loss. HTSC wires are also wound around the electrical insulation to form an electrical and magnetic shield. To reduce heat invasion from ambient temperature part, multi-layer insulation is wound between the co-axial stainless corrugated pipes where high vacuum is maintained. The cable was partially installed into a ∅ 150 mm duct and formed in a U-shape. Each end has a splitter box and three terminations. The cable and the terminations are cooled using two separate sets of a pressurized and sub-cooled liquid nitrogen cooling system. The cable has been developed and laid at CRIEPI's test site and long-term tests have been under way since June, 2001. This paper presents the design of the cable and some results of the first cooling tests.

Development of important elementary technologies for a 66 kV-class three-phase HTS power cable

High T c superconducting (HTS) cables are expected to serve as underground power lines supplying electrical power to densely populated cities in the future. TEPCO and Furukawa have developed compact HTS cables that can replace the old cables in their existing ducts under metropolitan Tokyo. To connect HTS cables with actual electrical networks requires confirmation of long-term reliability of the electrical insulation and the ability to withstand accidents caused by short circuit. This report gives the results of our examination of these problems.