Elementary Problems Research Articles

Sentiment analysis: a challenge

Sentiment analysis or judgment/thoughts mining is one of the major jobs of NLP (Natural Language Processing). Sentiment analysis has acquired much awareness in recent years. In this paper, our focus is to approach the problem of sentiment polarity assortment, which is one of the elementary problems of sentiment analysis. A general process for sentiment polarity assortment is considered with complete procedure explanation. Data used in this research are online buying product reviews collected from the shopping platform Amazon.com. Experiments for both sentence-level assortment and review-level assortment are executed with guarantee outcomes. Sentiment analysis will help to enhance the business with its performance of giving accurate result .In the end; we also give awareness into our future work on sentiment analysis. From last decade there is no such work has done on sentiment analysis to improve the product quality on the basis of what the customer needs and sometimes it is introduce as opinion mining while the importance in this case is on extraction.

Elementary Problems and Solutions

Elementary Problems and Solutions

A branch-and-price algorithm for a vehicle routing with demand allocation problem

We investigate the vehicle routing with demand allocation problem where the decision-maker jointly optimizes the location of delivery sites, the assignment of customers to (preferably convenient) delivery sites, and the routing of vehicles operated from a central depot to serve customers at their designated sites. We propose an effective branch-and-price (B&P) algorithm that is demonstrated to greatly outperform the use of commercial branch-and-bound/cut solvers such as CPLEX. Central to the efficacy of the proposed B&P algorithm is the development of a specialized dynamic programming procedure that extends works on elementary shortest path problems with resource constraints in order to solve the more complex column generation pricing subproblem. Our computational study demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed approach using a set of 60 problem instances. Moreover, the proposed methodology has the merit of providing optimal solutions in run times that are significantly shorter than those reported for decomposition-based heuristics in the literature.

A survey of evolution of image captioning techniques

Automatic captioning of Images has been explored extensively in the past 10 to 15 years. It is one of the elementary problems in Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing and has vast array of applications in the real world. In this survey, we aim to study different approaches used for the ge neration of image captions in a chronological manner starting from the basic template based caption generation model to using Neural Networks combined with external world knowledge. We review existing models in detail, highlighting the involved methodologies and improvements in the same that have occurred in time. We gave an overview to the standard image datasets and the evaluation measures developed to discern the quality of generated image captions. Apart from the basic benchmarks we also note speed and accuracy improvements in all the different approaches. Finally, we investigate further possibilities in automatic image caption generation.

Elementary Problems and Solutions

Elementary Problems and Solutions

Impact of Envelope Structure on the Solutions of Thermal Insulation from the Inside

Abstract The article presents chosen issues related to the heat insulation of complex structure walls. Subjects covered in this study are building partitions that had been constructed in the so called “Prussian wall” technique and are located in the Upper Silesia region. Their technical condition as well as usable state are not satisfactory, especially in the light of thermal protection. One way of increasing their standard is insulating partitions. In case of historical monuments or rich architectural facades, typical insulation methods (the ETICS system) will not apply. Thus, the solution is to insulate external walls on the inside surface. This, however, causes moisture content difficulties, which means that steam diffusing through partition undergoes the process of condensation. The authors suggest their own solutions to the problem of insulating diverse external partitions and base them on the research conducted in situ. They use The School of Music in Gliwice as an example. The measurement results obtained here were used in “heat-water content” modeling of walls for which WUFI 2D programme was applied. As shown in numerical analysis, the thickness and the sort of insulating layer have a key impact on the partition water content including wooden elements of construction. In case of walls that are 25 cm thick, the water content in the wall itself and wooden elements increased alongside the insulation material thickness, but it did not excess the permissible level, otherwise wood degradation would ensue. For “Prussian walls” that are 12 cm thick and insulated on the inside we observe exceeding the level of 20% water content, which is critical for wood durability. These results present elementary problems that occur when buildings with “Prussian walls” construction undergo thermo insulation. Restoration process must be a compromise between the need to retain the historical aspect of a building and the need to bring them to modern heat and usability standards. On the basis of numerical analysis, possible solutions, which meet these criteria, have been proposed.

Elementary Problems and Solutions

Elementary Problems and Solutions

Elementary Problems and Solutions

Elementary Problems and Solutions

小・中学生における聞き取り能力の実際と指導上の課題 : 「並列的複数情報の関係づけを支える心的作業」について

小・中学生における聞き取り能力の実際と指導上の課題 : 「並列的複数情報の関係づけを支える心的作業」について

Dynamic Approach for Index Option Pricing Using Different Models

Option pricing is one of the exigent and elementary problems of computational finance. Our aims to determine the nifty index option price through different valuation technique. In this paper, we illustrate the techniques for pricing of options and extracting information from option prices. We also describe various ways in which this information has been used in a number of applications. When dealing with options, we inevitably encounter the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing formula, which has revolutionized the way in which options are priced in modern time. Black and Scholes (1973) and Merton (1973) on pricing European style options assumes that stock price follows a geometric Brownian motion, which implies that the terminal stock price has a lognormal distribution. Through hedging arguments, BSM shows that the terminal stock price distribution needed for pricing option can be stated without reference to the preference parameter and to the growth rate of the stock. This is now known as the risk-neutral approach to option pricing. The terminal stock price distribution, for the purpose of pricing options, is now known as the state-price density or the risk-neutral density in contrast to the actual stock price distribution, which is sometimes referred to as the physical, objective, or historical distribution.

"Compacted" procedures for adults' simple addition: A review and critique of the evidence.

We review recent empirical findings and arguments proffered as evidence that educated adults solve elementary addition problems (3 + 2, 4 + 1) using so-called compacted procedures (e.g., unconscious, automatic counting); a conclusion that could have significant pedagogical implications. We begin with the large-sample experiment reported by Uittenhove, Thevenot and Barrouillet (2016, Cognition, 146, 289-303), which tested 90 adults on the 81 single-digit addition problems from 1 + 1 to 9 + 9. They identified the 12 very-small addition problems with different operands both ≤ 4 (e.g., 4 + 3) as a distinct subgroup of problems solved by unconscious, automatic counting: These items yielded a near-perfectly linear increase in answer response time (RT) yoked to the sum of the operands. Using the data reported in the article, however, we show that there are clear violations of the sum-counting model's predictions among the very-small addition problems, and that there is no real RT boundary associated with addends ≤4. Furthermore, we show that a well-known associative retrieval model of addition facts-the network interference theory (Campbell, 1995)-predicts the results observed for these problems with high precision. We also review the other types of evidence adduced for the compacted procedure theory of simple addition and conclude that these findings are unconvincing in their own right and only distantly consistent with automatic counting. We conclude that the cumulative evidence for fast compacted procedures for adults' simple addition does not justify revision of the long-standing assumption that direct memory retrieval is ultimately the most efficient process of simple addition for nonzero problems, let alone sufficient to recommend significant changes to basic addition pedagogy.

Elementary Problems and Solutions

Elementary Problems and Solutions

Forcing the truth of a weak form of Schanuel’s conjecture

Schanuel’s conjecture states that the transcendence degree over ℚ of the 2n-tuple (λ 1 ,⋯,λ n ,e λ 1 ,⋯,e λ n ) is at least n for all λ 1 ,⋯,λ n ∈ℂ which are linearly independent over ℚ; if true it would settle a great number of elementary open problems in number theory, among which the transcendence of e over π.

Zone‐based tariff design in public transportation networks

Tariff design is among the most elementary decision problems to be solved in every public transportation network. This article focuses on alternative zone‐based tariffs, which vary in the way zones are cut (ring structure vs. connected zones) and fares are calculated (counting zones, cumulative pricing, and maximum pricing), and compares their ability to exploit the customers’ willingness to pay. For this purpose, we formulate six versions of the tariff design problem, investigate their computational complexity, and develop suited mixed‐integer models. Our comprehensive computational study reveals that tariffs based on cumulative pricing outperform traditional distance‐based tariffs and are best suited to exploit the customers’ willingness to pay. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 69(4), 349–366 2017

Elementary Problems and Solutions

Elementary Problems and Solutions

Research Pathway towards MAC Protocol in Enhancing Network Performance in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)

The applications and utility of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) have increased its pace in making an entry to the commercial market since the last five years. It has successfully established its association with Internet-of-Things (IoT) and other reconfigurable networks. However, in this advent of exponential progress in technology, WSN still suffers from elementary problems of energy efficiency, scalability, delay, and latency where Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols hold the primary responsibility. This paper reviewed the frequently used MAC protocols and studied their advantages and limitations followed by most recently carried out implementation work towards WSN performance enhancement. The paper finally outlines the unsolved problems from the existing research work and discussed briefly the research gap followed by a chalked out plan of tentative future work to address the research gap from existing review.

Applications on the Apostol-Daehee numbers and polynomials associated with special numbers, polynomials, and p-adic integrals

In this paper, by using p-adic Volkenborn integral, and generating functions, we give some properties of the Bernstein basis functions, the Apostol-Daehee numbers and polynomials, Apostol-Bernoulli polynomials, some special numbers including the Stirling numbers, the Euler numbers, the Daehee numbers, and the Changhee numbers. By using an integral equation and functional equations of the generating functions and their partial differential equations (PDEs), we give a recurrence relation for the Apostol-Daehee polynomials. We also give some identities, relations, and integral representations for these numbers and polynomials. By using these relations, we compute these numbers and polynomials. We make further remarks and observations for special polynomials and numbers, which are used to study elementary word problems in engineering and in medicine.

Analytical relations for the undetermined constitutive coefficients of a binary mixture of elastic solids with no relative component motion and an application for semi-infinite mixture continuum

In this paper, a formulation is proposed to predict the three undetermined constitutive elastic coefficients λ3, λ4 and μ3 of a mixture of two elastic solids. Due to the formal similarity to a single linear elastic solid, constitutive equations developed by Green and Steel defining the elastic mixture continua are used. After summarizing the mathematical background where the deformation of each constituent belonging to the mixture of two linear elastic solids differs from each other, we assume that there is no relative displacement (mutual motion) between the mixture components (perfectly bonded interface) and by using this assumption, we make use of some elementary elasticity problems to determine the unknown constitutive coefficients. In order to test the obtained relations, the semi-infinite binary mixture of linear elastic solids subjected to a sinusoidal distributed load problem is examined. Under the appropriate boundary conditions, the problem is solved using the Galerkin vector and Love's strain functions, and with the help of the data for the composite of Al2O3−NiAl, some plots representing the behavior of the mixture continuum are given.

Elementary Problems and Solutions

Elementary Problems and Solutions

Elementary Problems and Solutions

Elementary Problems and Solutions