Elementary Classes Research Articles

Formation of pedagogical competence of students – future teachers of elementary classes in the conditions of transition to new FSES HE

Formation of pedagogical competence of students – future teachers of elementary classes in the conditions of transition to new FSES HE

PENERAPAN LATIHAN MOTORIK HALUS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS HURUF SISWA TUNAGRAHITA KELAS DASAR III DI SLB. NEGERI 2 MAKASSAR

The aims of this study were to find out the writing ability and writing activeness of Elementary Class III tunagrahita students at SLB Negeri 2 Makassar through the application of fine motor training. This study used a classroom action research. The research subjects were two students with tunagrahita in Elementary Class III SLB Negeri 2 Makassar with data collection through test, documentation, and observation. Data analysis was performed by using descriptive-qualitative and quantitative analysis technique. The results showed that the ability to write letters of the Elementary Class III tunagrahita students at SLB Negeri 2 Makassar with the application of the fine motor training had a significant increase qualitatively from cycle I to cycle II. The application of this fine motor training showed the better result from cycle I to cycle II. The increase of student activities included the overall activities given to the students. Keywords: Fine Motoric, Writing Letters, Tunagrahita

Upgrade infrastructure of the national physical education system

The transition to a 12-year education system is predetermined by the increase in the amount of knowledge that pupils need to acquire as part of their school preparation. This requires a review of the attitude towards holding regular sports events. An increase in the mental workload for the full perception of educational material can be achieved under the condition of regular sports, attraction to which should be formed among pupils already in elementary classes. A balanced combination of physical exercise and brainwork makes it possible to increase the common load in both areas of activity. The pupils‟ performance in their recovery depends as much as possible on the level of concentration of their attention, which is achieved by combining the learning load with light physical exercises during lessons, which contributes to active rest and improvement of the general level in the perception of educational material. Thus, the ability of primary school teachers to ensure that pupils conduct sports and mass work directly and actively affects the performance of the primary school as a whole. Sports and mass work in primary school is an important form of study in the system of physical education of pupils. It is organized and conducted in accordance with the general purpose and tasks of physical education, contributes to the development of the physical and mental personality of junior pupils. As physical education lessons and organized physical exercises in the day mode, sports and mass work has its own specific tasks, therefore, it is filled with specific content, performs important functions in the system of physical education of junior pupils. Tasks are unleashed on satisfying the needs of junior pupils in regular classes and in identifying their physical potential in competitions with the help of various forms of sports and mass work.

Methods And Tools For Making Student `S Creative Activity In Elementary Technology Classes

In elementary classes using creative activities is the most vital part of the lesson. They learn everything easily by creativity. In technology classes of elementary level learners it can help their creative skills and impression. In addition to this, teacher should enhance their creativity during the lesson. To improve these kinds of skills instructor should apply different methods and tools. In this article, methods and tools of improving learners creativity are stressed.

Improved Learning Achievement About How to Introduce Oneself Through the Scientific Approach of Video Media

<p><em>The purpose of this study was to improve the learning achievement of students in Indonesian Language Mupel in Elementary Class 1 through a scientific approach with video media. The research conducted was a Classroom Action Research (CAR )in three cycles, which each cycle consisting of one meeting.The stage of each cycle </em><em>are planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. Each meeting is carried out a pre test and post test to determine the progress of students. In the first cycle students who completed after carrying out the post test were 50%. In the second cycle students who completed after carrying out the post test were 85, 71%. In the third cycle students who completed after carrying out the post test were 92,85%. These results indicate that learning through a scientifik approach with video media can improve student learning achievement, especially Mupel Indonesian Language on How to Introduce Yourself in Class 1 SDN Plosogede 1.</em></p>

YENİ İNFORMASİYA TEXNOLOGİYASININ BƏZİ TƏTBİQLƏRİ

The application of Information Technology saves the teacher from the weight of technical work. It allows him to devote more time to the creative side of activity. As a result, various theoretical tools that are not complicated for the verification of knowledge of the actual material are successfully applied. It provides students with very visual new knowledge and information about facts and events, objects and subjects that cannot be brought to the class or seen with the ordinary eye. Key words: elementary class, computer, information, software, technology, training

İBTİDAİ SİNİFLƏRDƏ KOMPÜTER TEXNOLOGİYALARINDAN İSTİFADƏ

Information technology has a lot of dynamics. Technical software and algorithm tools are being updated and developed. New methods are introduced for information technology. During the transition to information society, it is necessary to prepare people for rapid adoption and processing of very large volumes of information. Key words: elementary class, computer, information, software, technology, training

Pembelajaran Literasi Membaca Siswa Sekolah Dasar Kelas I

This study aims to understand deeply the learning of literacy reading in elementary school class I. The research problem is based on the low student interest in learning, low literacy reading skills, and the teacher is too focused on the 2013 curriculum without facilitating student needs. The research method uses a qualitative approach to the design of phenomenology with the stages of essence deepening, variations in imagination, and reduction of phenomenology. The time and place of the study were conducted at Cijambu Elementary School in Elementary School I class, located at Jln Cigombong Station, Bogor Regency. The study was conducted for six months. The results were obtained that reading literacy learning uses Curriculum 2013 with the aim of reading comprehension. Learning media use word cards and learning strategies use the phonic approach for those who cannot read and the direct approach for those who have mastered phonemic awareness. Evaluation of learning is carried out formally according to the curriculum without an innovation development in the form of literacy assessment. Recommendations namely, this research should be developed in other aspects of language to be more comprehensive.
 Keywords: Learning, Reading Literacy, Grade I Students

O estudo do campo gravitacional no Ensino Fundamental Anos Iniciais: uma proposta didática com abordagem investigativa

O trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um estudo qualitativo dos resultados da aplicação de uma Sequência de Ensino Investigativo (SEI), intitulada “Por que quem vive no polo Sul não cai ‘para baixo’? Investigando a Força da Gravidade”, em turma de Ensino Fundamental, em particular buscando indícios do desenvolvimento do processo argumentativo e investigativo na alfabetização científica dos estudantes. Exibimos um relato de experiência analisando os dados coletados por meio de ação pedagógica com alunos de uma turma de quinto ano do Ensino Fundamental, na comunidade rural de São Domingos do Capim, município do estado do Pará, com o uso de análise de filmagem, áudio, observação e relatos escritos, seguindo a forma em que foram apresentados e registrados. Por meio da análise dos dados coletados, foi evidenciada a (re)construção de conceitos envolvendo a palavra FORÇA nos discentes ao explorar ao longo da proposta didática a questão do título da SEI. Foi possível observar, além de indícios de alfabetização científica nos alunos, a evolução do conceito de força, inicialmente associada ao contacto entre corpos, passando para o entendimento do conceito de interação a distância. Também foram analisadas as noções epistemológicas do Planeta Terra no Cosmo dos estudantes durante e após a aplicação da proposta didática.

FURTHER REMARKS ON ELEMENTARY RADICALS AND ASSOCIATED FILTERS OF IDEALS

AbstractRyabukhin showed that there is a correspondence between elementary radical classes of rings and certain filters of ideals of the free ring on one generator, analogous to the Gabriel correspondence between torsion classes of left unital modules and certain filters of left ideals of the coefficient ring. This correspondence is further explored here. All possibilities for the intersection of the ideals in a filter are catalogued, and the connections between filters and other ways of describing elementary radical classes are investigated. Some generalisations to nonassociative rings and groups are also presented.

A model theoretic solution to a problem of László Fuchs

Problem 5.1 in page 181 of [7] asks to find the cardinals λ such that there is a universal abelian p-group for purity of cardinality λ, i.e., an abelian p-group Uλ of cardinality λ such that every abelian p-group of cardinality ≤λ purely embeds in Uλ. In this paper we use ideas from the theory of abstract elementary classes to show:Theorem 0.1.Let p be a prime number. Ifλℵ0=λor∀μ<λ(μℵ0<λ), then there is a universal abelian p-group for purity of cardinality λ. Moreover forn≥2, there is a universal abelian p-group for purity of cardinalityℵnif and only if2ℵ0≤ℵn.As the theory of abstract elementary classes has barely been used to tackle algebraic questions, an effort was made to introduce this theory from an algebraic perspective.

Collaborative Environment as a Means of Forming Success of a Future Teacher of Elementary Classes in Project Activity

Objective: The purpose of the study is to determine whether future elementary school teachers are successful in project activities and whether a properly organised collaborative environment affects the outcome of project activities. Background: In conditions when a person is the most important value and main capital of a society, the goal and product of the educational system should be human intelligence and personality. Therefore, for domestic education today, the issue of raising the status of the teaching profession and the modernisation of teacher education has become serious. The article reveals the problem of the successful formation of a future primary school teacher in project activities through a collaborative environment. The authors define the concepts of "project activity", "the success of the future primary school teacher in project activity”, “project”, “collaborative environment”. Method: The methodology for organising a collaborative environment in project activities is determined. The study involved two groups; the sample was 107 pupils. Results: A programme for diagnosing the successful formation of a future primary school teacher in project activities is presented. Criteria, indicators (motivational, cognitive, activity) and levels of success formation of the future primary school teacher in project activities (intuitive, reproductive, creative) are defined. Conclusion: As part of the study, the authors determined that a collaborative environment is an effective means of success for a future primary school teacher in design. A collaborative environment was defined as the collaboration of a teacher and pupils in solving a problem, completing a task, or creating a product.

The Social and Academic Effects of Cooperative LEARN Strategy Instruction in Inclusive Elementary Classes

This study reports the effects of instruction of elementary students in a complex package of social and academic skills designed for use in cooperative groups while studying important information in inclusive general education classes. Twenty-five teachers and 519 fourth and fifth graders, including 45 students with learning disabilities (LD), participated. A pretest/posttest control-group design with random assignment was used to determine the effects of the instructional program. Data were analyzed for students with LD, all students with exceptionalities, and average-achieving (AA) students. Results indicated that experimental students’ scores on study-group performance, study-card creation, and tests of social and academic knowledge were significantly higher than control students’ scores. Furthermore, the number of prosocial behaviors and teamwork behaviors significantly increased for all subgroups of experimental students during study-group tasks, including students with LD and students with exceptionalities. Also, the number of antisocial behaviors significantly decreased for students with LD and students with exceptionalities.

The use of small forms of active rest to improve the mental capacity of second or third students elementary school classes

This article highlights the effectiveness use of small forms of active recreation to increase mental working capacity of primary school students during the school day. It was found that the students of the second and third grades starting from the second lesson a steady tendency to fatigue of the body develops. Especially children's fatigue developed in math lessons, and in particular if they were scheduled for the third or fourth lesson. The duration of the lesson also contributed to the development of fatigue processes in children of this age 45 minutes, instead of the recommended 40 minutes of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, because the school bell rang adjusted for all classes 45 minutes Execution of specially selected physical exercises in lessons in the form of a physical education minute or physical education micropause helped reduce the impact of fatigue on the body of children.&#x0D; One of the urgent problems of modern pedagogy is scientific substantiation of rational motor regime of children and adolescents. Studies in recent years suggest that the cause is the most common diseases, physical development disorders and functional state of the body of schoolchildren is increasingly becoming motor insufficiency experienced by the body of children.

Homotopy types of abstract elementary classes

We prove that for any homotopy type $X$, there is an abstract elementary class $\mathcal{C}$, with joint embedding, almagamation and no maximal models such that the classifying space realizes the homotopy type $X$. We provide a few explicit examples.

ON CATEGORICITY IN SUCCESSIVE CARDINALS

AbstractWe investigate, in ZFC, the behavior of abstract elementary classes (AECs) categorical in many successive small cardinals. We prove for example that a universal $\mathbb {L}_{\omega _1, \omega }$ sentence categorical on an end segment of cardinals below $\beth _\omega $ must be categorical also everywhere above $\beth _\omega $ . This is done without any additional model-theoretic hypotheses (such as amalgamation or arbitrarily large models) and generalizes to the much broader framework of tame AECs with weak amalgamation and coherent sequences.

Evaluation of stress status using the stress map for guide dog candidates in the training stage using variations in the serum cortisol with nerve growth factor and magnesium ions

Most studies on guide dogs for the blind were conducted to investigate the appropriateness of the animals, including in terms of their breeding, constitution, and temperament. However, research to comprehend the stress status of guide dog candidates in response to their training has been unclear.In this study, the levels of serum cortisol, nerve growth factor (NGF), and magnesium ion (Mg2+) levels of guide dog candidates during the three training stages–the elementary, intermediate, and advanced classes–were examined. Dogs were classified based on the contents of the classes and period during the training in which they were subjected.Since the dogs in the elementary class had the lowest serum NGF and Mg2+ levels, they were understood to be under mental stress and to be unfamiliar with their new surroundings. In contrast, the serum NGF and Mg2+ levels were high in the dogs in the advanced class, though they were demonstrated to be mentally stable and acclimated to their environment. Additionally, they were almost free from the stress caused by daily life, since they had the lowest serum cortisol levels.The status of each dog was plotted on a map consisting of 2 axes representing the serum NGF and Mg2+ levels with high or low cortisol levels. Plots could be divided into three domains corresponding to the elementary, intermediate, and advanced classes. Therefore, for working dogs, serum NGF and Mg2+ levels in addition to serum cortisol levels may be important factors to comprehend the type of stress situation that each dog was in.

Graph burning: Tight bounds on the burning numbers of path forests and spiders

Abstract In 2016, Bonato, Janssen, and Roshanbin introduced graph burning as a discrete process that models the spread of social contagion. Although the burning process is a simple algorithm, the problem of determining the least number of rounds needed to completely burn a graph, called the burning number of the graph, is NP-complete even for elementary graph structures like spiders. An early conjecture that every connected graph of order m2 can be burned in at most m rounds is the main motivator of this study. Attempts to prove the conjecture have resulted in various upper bounds for the burning number and validation of the conjecture for certain elementary classes of graphs. In this work, we find a tight upper bound for the order of a spider for it to be burned within a given number of rounds. Our result shows that the tight bound depends on the structure of the spider under consideration, namely the number of arms. This strengthens the previously known results on spiders in relation to the conjecture. More importantly, this opens up potential enquiry into the connection between burning numbers and certain characteristics of graphs. Finally, a tight upper bound for the order of a path forest for it to be burned within a given number of rounds is obtained, thus completing previously known partial corresponding results.

Tameness, powerful images, and large cardinals

We provide comprehensive, level-by-level characterizations of large cardinals, in the range from weakly compact to strongly compact, by closure properties of powerful images of accessible functors. In the process, we show that these properties are also equivalent to various forms of tameness for abstract elementary classes. This systematizes and extends results of [W. Boney and S. Unger, Large cardinal axioms from tameness in AECs, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 145(10) (2017) 4517–4532; A. Brooke-Taylor and J. Rosický, Accessible images revisited, Proc. AMS 145(3) (2016) 1317–1327; M. Lieberman, A category-theoretic characterization of almost measurable cardinals (Submitted, 2018), http://arxiv.org/abs/1809.06963; M. Lieberman and J. Rosický, Classification theory for accessible categories. J. Symbolic Logic 81(1) (2016) 1647–1648].

Oficina com histórias em quadrinhos para alunos do sexto ano do ensino fundamental: linguagem imagética na formação de leitores

Em vista da inquietude a respeito do enfoque dado à leitura imagética dos textos, objetivou-se compreender como as histórias em quadrinhos (HQ’s) são capazes de oportunizar ao educando esse aprendizado. As HQ’s podem ser consideradas textos dialógicos e polifônicos com grande apelo imagético despertando o interesse pela leitura. Para alcançar esse objetivo foi elaborada uma oficina intitulada “A leitura imagética das HQ’s”. Adotou-se no delineamento a pesquisa-ação em turmas do Ensino Fundamental público, na qual a pesquisadora atuou como mediadora e facilitadora da compreensão leitora. Constatou-se como o aspecto didático dado aos HQ’s, pode contribuir para a compreensão de textos imagéticos e linguagem não verbal. A prática da leitura das HQ’s com estratégias bem definidas permitem ao educando encontrar as ferramentas adequadas para compreender o texto imagético. Dado o exposto, acredita-se que essa pesquisa contribui para incentivar o educador a buscar esta ou outras ferramentas para autonomia leitora das imagens, de modo que os alunos sejam capazes de entender textos imagéticos.