Elementary Children Research Articles

THE ROLE OF YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS IN INCREASING CHILDREN'S READING INTEREST: A CASE STUDY OF OEMAH DOLAN ORGANIZATIONS IN KEDONGDONG VILLAGE, SUSUKAN DISTRICT, CIREBON REGENCYIl

The impact of the modernization era on elementary and Kindergaten children can be seen from the intensity of children playing with gadgets, and the low level of literacy in children. This is the background for the presence of the Oemah Dolan organization. This study aims to identify and describe Oemah Dolan's programs and the role of Oemah Dolan in increasing reading interest in children in Kedongdong Village. This study uses a descriptive-qualitative approach with the analysis technique of Miles and Huberman. The results of this study indicate that Oemah Dolan has several programs, namely: book stalls, reading, fun learning, and creativity week.

REVITALISASI KOMUNIKASI ANALOG DI KOMUNITAS KELUARGA MUDA INDONESIA

Handwritting into book is the most ancient form of analog communication and a means of remote communication that was first present in human life. However, just like any other communication product, writing on books (journaling) slowly begins to be eroded by technology dermination. The culture of analog writing shifts to typing. The decline in interest analog writing is seen from the results of research and regulations in some countries that no longer require the younger generation to have certain skills of writing. In fact, analog writing activities are scientifically proven to be mentally healthy. The situation in Indonesia is slightly different from the presence of the government that requires handwritten classes for elementary children, and the growing writing market in young family communities. Journaling in the millenial mother community is a process to get a more conscious lifestyle. This research aims to understand the revitalization process of an analog communication to remain favored by people who have become accustomed to consuming communication information technology. Through the Case Study it was found that journaling as analog communication is able to maintain its existence because of the revitalization of ideas through interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary collaboration in the scope of communication science.

The Impact of Smartphone Addiction on Personality and Fine and Rude Motor Development in Elementary Children

Nowadays, almost everyone has a smartphone. This smartphone is a smart phone which contains a variety of advanced features whose function is to simplify human life. Because this smartphone works easily, everyone can be worn. Therefore, not a few children already have smartphones. Smartphones actually have a lot of impact, both positive and negative. Smartphones can affect personality and can prevent children from accomplishing the developmental tasks they have to go through.
 

Dribbling skills training model in football games for elementary school age

The goal achieved from this research and development is to produce a model of soccer dribbling training models for the elementary school age group. This research and development is carried out to be able to obtain information about the development and application of the football dribbling training model for the elementary school level age group. and to find out the effectiveness of the model produced. This research uses Research & Development (R & D) method from Borg and Gall. The subjects in this study were students of SD Negeri 1 Metro Barat from 30 children. The stages in this study are: needs analysis, expert evaluation (initial product evaluation), small group trials, and large group trials (testing fields). Test the effectiveness of the model. With the success of the research proven by questionnaires submitted by experts at 80%, the dribbling training model deserves to be developed in accordance with the research study of the development model of Borg and Gall. Based on the results of the development it can be concluded that: (1) With the soccer dribbling training model for elementary school level children can be developed and applied in dribbling exercises on extracurricular and learning (2) With the soccer dribbling training model for elementary school level that has been developed, there is evidence of an increase of which there are significant differences between before and after getting the model treatment.

Bidirectional Relationships among Children's Perceived Competence, Motor Skill Competence, Physical Activity, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness across One School Year.

Purpose The bidirectional associations among children's motor skill competence (MSC), perceived competence (PC), physical activity (PA), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) over time remain unanswered. This study is aimed at discerning the bidirectional relationships among elementary school children's MSC, PC, PA and, CRF over the course of one school year. Methods A total of 261 second and third grade children (127 boys, 134 girls; meanage = 8.27 years; BMI = 18.22 ± 3.71) were recruited from two Texas elementary schools. Approximately 73.56% of participants were White American. Children's baseline data were assessed in September/October in 2012 (Time1), and identical assessments were conducted in April/May in 2013 (Time2). MSC was assessed using product-oriented skill tests (e.g., throw, kick, and jump). PC was assessed via the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence for Children. Minutes spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was assessed using ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers for five days, and CRF was assessed by the PACER test. Six age- and body mass index-adjusted cross-lagged panel models were used to test the relationships between the variables. Results We observed that T1 MSC significantly predicted T2 MSC (β = 0.59; p < 0.01), T2 CRF (β = 0.28; p < 0.01), and T2 MVPA (β = 0.18; p < 0.01). Children's CRF was a positive predictor for T2 CRF (β = 0.56; p < 0.01) and T2 MSC (β = 0.13; p < 0.05) Additionally, T1 MVPA significantly predicted T2 MVPA (β = 0.30; p < 0.01) and T2 PC (β = −0.14; p < 0.05). Conclusion Findings suggested a fully bidirectional relationship between elementary children's MSC and CRF. Other bidirectional relationships among the variables were only partially supported. Educators and health professionals need to emphasize the importance of developing both MSC and CRF to maintain physical health over time.

The interaction between parental warmth and the teacher‐student relationship predicts changes in early elementary children's problem behaviors

AbstractThis study tested whether the relations between parental warmth and children's problem behaviors vary as a function of the quality of the teacher‐student relationship while controlling for prior levels of the outcomes. When children (N = 301, M age = 5.48, 52% girls) were in kindergarten, teachers reported on the quality of the teacher‐student relationship, and parents reported on their warmth toward their children and on their child's externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors. One year later, parents reported on children's problem behaviors. We found a consistent pattern of significant interactions supporting the hypothesis that the relations between parental warmth and problem behaviors vary as a function of the quality of the teacher‐student relationship. Specifically, when controlling for prior levels of the outcomes, parental warmth was related negatively to externalizing and internalizing problems, at high, but not low, levels of teacher‐student closeness. In addition, when teacher‐student conflict was high, parental warmth was related negatively to externalizing and internalizing problems. These relations were non‐significant at low levels of teacher‐student conflict. Consequently, efforts to understand children's problem behaviors are likely to benefit from integrating information from multiple socializers.

Children’s Well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: Relationships with attitudes, family structure, and mothers’ Well-being

ABSTRACT COVID-19 triggered social restrictions worldwide including the shutdown of schools. Whereas research has documented the negative effects on parents’ well-being, less is known about children’s well-being during the pandemic. We investigated the well-being, emotions, and COVID-19-related attitudes of 87 Norwegian elementary children (42 boys, 45 girls; M age = 9.66 years, SD = 1.77) and their mothers (M age = 39.69 years; SD = 5.79) in June 2020. Children reported reduced well-being relative to European norms. In line with research on child well-being before the pandemic, living in a one-parent home was associated with lower child well-being and more negative emotions during the pandemic, and mother’s well-being was related to child well-being. Concerning attitudes towards COVID-19-related restrictions, we found a positive relationship between child age and attitudes and between children’s attitudes and well-being. Implications for protecting children from negative effects of the ongoing and future pandemics are discussed.

THE TRADITIONAL GAME OF ENGLOLIBABA BISCUIT INCREASES SOCIAL SKILLS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

As humans we are born as social beings, where we need other humans for us to live in this world. Elementary school age children are stewards of the nation which are assets of the nation and state, but as the times progress so that technology is increasingly developing, the shift in children's social abilities is decreasing. Children have started to be cool with the technology they have such as gadgets and the like. If this continues, it will make the nation's successors decline in social values ​​which will make future life no longer recognize these values. Based on this problem, the traditional game Englolibaba Biscuit is a solution to this problem. The purpose of this research is to improve children's social skills through the traditional game englolibaba biscuit. This research method is descriptive quantitative. The sample consisted of 20 children from SD Negeri 16 Banda Aceh. Based on the results of the study showed that there was an increase in social values ​​in SD Negeri 16 Banda Aceh children. This is proven based on the significant level taken, namely 5%. So if the value of sig.(2-tailed)&gt; 0.05, then the results stated that there was no significant difference between the results of the pretest and posttest. Based on the results of the data table above, it can be seen that the value of sig.(2-tailed) is 0.00 &lt;0.05. So it can be concluded that there is an increase in the results of children's social skills after being given the traditional game of Englolibaba Biscuit.

A framework for supporting Preservice Teachers (PSTs) in culturally sustaining nonfiction writing

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to share specific methods employed to support preservice teachers as they engage in culturally sustaining nonfiction writing instruction with elementary children in an embedded methods course. First, we explore theories of culturally relevant and sustaining pedagogies. Next, we define culturally sustaining writing practices with young children. Finally, we share a framework for engaging in culturally sustaining nonfiction writing. We do this by describing our work of having PSTs (aka tall teachers) engaging in a culturally sustaining authoring cycle where they examine historical and contemporary movements beside their fifth-grade literacy pals (aka small teachers) to create critical nonfiction writing.

The Anxious Laughter of Silly Songs

In his 2018 study How to Make Children Laugh, Michael Rosen writes that when he performs silly songs and poems in schools, “I become the channel through which the children can, for a moment, let go of their anxieties about the authority figures in their lives” (23). The laughter mediates between the norms of adulthood and the anxieties of childhood. Although silly songs are perennially popular with children and their caregivers alike, they remain understudied. This article, then, asks how laughter works in the context of English-language silly songs for preschool and early elementary children. Drawing from Rosen’s theorization, it combines the perspectives of literary studies and early childhood music education to analyze well-known silly songs recorded by Sharon, Lois &amp; Bram, Raffi, and others. Grown-up performers invite laughter by acting like goofy big kids who can play along with the children and by inverting the authority relationship between children and adults. Silly songs create deliberately incongruous, cheekily subversive experiences that can help children’s anxieties to be released and rendered nonthreatening.

Validation of the parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to screen mental health problems among school-age children in Mongolia

BackgroundChild and adolescent mental health problems are urgent health issues in low- and middle-income countries. To promote child and adolescent mental health services, simple validated screening tools are helpful. In Mongolia, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), an internationally used child and adolescent mental health screening tool for children aged 4–17, was translated but not yet validated. To use the questionnaire appropriately, validation is necessary.MethodsChildren at 4th year at elementary school (community sample) and children visited psychiatric outpatient service (clinical sample) were recruited and their parental version of the SDQ was compared. The discriminating ability of the parental version of the SDQ was examined using Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis on the SDQ total difficulties score. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was used as a measure. Cut-off score was determined by normative banding that categorizes children with the highest 10% score range as abnormal and the second highest 10% as borderline following the original method; this cut-off score was compared with the cut-off score candidates with good balance between sensitivity and specificity using ROC analysis.ResultsWe included 2301 children in the community sample, and 429 children in the clinical sample. Mean age was 9.7 years (SD 0.4, range 8.3–12.0) among the community sample and 10.4 years (SD 3.8, range 4.0–17.8) among the clinical sample. The mean total difficulties score was 12.9 (SD 4.8) among the community sample and 20.4 (SD 6.2) among the clinical sample. A total of 88.8% of the community sample and 98.8% of the clinical sample answered the SDQ. Using ROC analysis, the AUC was 0.82 (95% confident interval 0.80–0.85), which meant moderate discriminating ability. Using normative banding, the borderline cut-off score was 16/17 and abnormal cut-off score was 19/20. For cut-off scores of 16/17 and 19/20, sensitivity was 71.9 and 53.8% and specificity was 78.5 and 90.5%, respectively. The cut-off score candidates by ROC analysis were 16/17 and 17/18.ConclusionsThe parental version of the SDQ had moderate discriminating ability among Mongolian school-age children. For the screening of mental health problems among community children, cut-off score of 16/17 is recommended.

The Role of Social Media Use in Peer Bullying Victimization and Onset of Anxiety Among Indonesian Elementary School Children.

Objectives: This study explored a multidimensional model of the relationships between social media use, gender, peer bullying victimization experiences, and the onset of anxiety symptoms among children. We hypothesized that greater experience of bullying would be associated with greater onset of anxiety. We also expected that gender and social media use (specifically Instagram and YouTube) would be linked with anxiety among elementary school children. To test this hypothesis, a structural equation modeling approach was used.Methods: A total of 456 elementary children aged 11–13 years from nine schools were recruited for this research. We used two psychological measures: The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) and the Personal Experience Checklist (PECK) as well as a sociodemographic questionnaire (general demographic information and social media-related information).Results: The social media usage survey found that all participants (100%) used social media. Instagram (52.42%) and YouTube (47.58%) were the platforms most used by the participants. The Structural Equation Model results suggest that bullying victimization and gender predicted the onset of anxiety in elementary school children. The model explained 32.1% of the variance of the outcome with very adequate fit indicators based on most indices, χ2 = 173.56, df = 52, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.92; TLI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.07 (90% CI: 0.06–0.08). Instagram use was correlated positively with generalized anxiety disorder. Gender was negatively correlated with Instagram use and positively correlated with YouTube use. Girls were found to use Instagram more and boys were found to use YouTube more. It was also found that girls had higher scores onSCARED dimensions, except for school avoidance. Girls were more prone to onset of anxiety than boys, except for school avoidance, which was not related to gender. Boys were found to experience significantly more physical bullying than girls. On the other hand, girls were found to experience more panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, and social anxiety than boys.Conclusion: This study found that bullying victimization significantly influences the onset of anxiety in children. Particular attention should be paid to cyberbullying in this context. This study also found a link between gender and anxiety—girls had a greater tendency to experience the onset of various types of anxiety, including panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, and social anxiety. Gender was also correlated with the form of bullying victimization. The findings of this study suggest that boys were more likely to experience physical bullying than girls. Interestingly, we found that Instagram use was significantly correlated with developing separation anxiety. In particular, children demonstrated school avoidance when experiencing cyberbullying. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

Behavior Characterization of Use of Mobile Phones which Potentially Cause Health Problems of Elementary School-Age Children in Rural and Urban Areas

Introduction: The development of communication technology meets a siginificant advancement, and mobile phones are part of it. Mobile phones are used not only by adults but also by children, including elementary school age children. Children in using mobile phones have different behavior based on their social, economic and cultural differences. Some behaviors of children in using mobile phones have a risk of health problems. Objective: The purpose of the study was to characterize the behavior of the use of mobile phones in primary school age children which could potentially cause health problems. Methods: This is a descriptive study using cross-sectional design. The study involved 60 children and their parents in urban and rural elementary schools. Data were collected by questionnaire (there were 13 questions) using the Google form application (close ended questionnaire) from population taken by the nonprobability sampling method. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Results: The results found that the possession of mobile phones, lighting, place and duration of use mobile phones were behaviors that descriptively showed that there were differences between children from rural and urban elementary schools. Behavior of time using mobile phones, body position, alignment and distance of the mobile phone to the head or eye, the purpose, tool and the place where to use the cellphone, both groups have the same percentage. Conclussion: there are differences and similarities in behavior in using mobile phones between children from rural and urban elementary schools.

The Effects of Desk Cycles in Elementary Children’s Classroom Physical Activity: A Feasibility Study

ABSTRACT Children who are overweight or obese exhibit a significant number of health concerns and are more likely to exhibit mental health and academic-related concerns. Thus, finding ways in schools to help them with multiple barriers is ideal. DeskCyclesTM are one possible means for mitigating some of these concerns. There were three major objectives to this study: (a) To evaluate whether the use of DeskCyclesTM increases child physical activity, (b) To determine if DeskCyclesTM are feasible to use in the classroom for both teachers and students, and (c) To evaluate whether student on-task behavior improves or worsens from student use of DeskCyclesTM. Twenty-eight 5th grade students from two classrooms were randomly assigned to treatment/control conditions wherein the treatment classroom engaged in the use of DeskCyclesTM in their classroom. Both treatment and control classrooms wore wrist accelerometers to measure physical activity. They completed an 11-item feasibility survey regarding the DeskCyclesTM and the intervention teacher participated in a feasibility interview. Results showed no significant differences in physical activity by group, and on-task behavior was significantly lower as time passed during the study. The teacher indicated more barriers to using the DeskCyclesTM, while the students were divided on their perceptions of feasibility. DeskCyclesTM were not an effective intervention for physical activity or behavioral outcomes in this classroom setting. It appears that DeskCyclesTM may not be a beneficial part of the solution for accruing classroom physical activity because they did not generate more physical activity, and students did not demonstrate better behavior while using them.

Agreement Between Different Days of activPAL and Actigraph GT3X Measurement of Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity During the School Hours in Elementary Children

Introduction: The authors’ objective was to identify the minimum number of days required to measure sedentary behavior and physical activity in children during school hours. Methods: Fifty-three children from four classes of the second year of elementary school in a public school in Brazil were selected. Sedentary behavior and physical activity were evaluated using activPAL in the thigh and ActiGraph GT3X on the hip. The devices were used for 4 days during the 4 hr of school. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman plots were used for statistical analysis (p &lt; .05). Results: For sedentary/stationary behavior indicators, 1 day showed good agreement with 4 days (sitting time, ICC = .89; bias [limits of agreement 95%, LA95%] = 1.6 [45.1 to −41.9], standing time, ICC = .93; bias [LA95%] 1.1 [30.2 to −28.0], and stationary behavior, ICC = .56; bias [LA95%] = 0.2 [37.2 to −36.7]). However, 2 days were necessary for good agreement, with 4 days for physical activity indicators (walking time, ICC = .91; bias [LA95%] = 1.1 [12.0 to −9.7], light physical activity, ICC = .97; bias [LA95%] = 0.3 [7.6 to −7.0], moderate physical activity, ICC = .93; bias [LA95%] = 0.3 [2.3 to −1.6], and vigorous physical activity, ICC = .93; bias [LA95%] = 0.3 [3.1 to −2.5]). Conclusion: Therefore, 1 evaluation day seems enough to obtain representative data of school sedentary/stationary behavior, while 2 days are necessary for the evaluation of physical activity indicators during school hours.

Directly Observed Physical Activity of Year 1 Children during School Class Time: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Providing physical activity opportunities to children throughout the school day may be beneficial for children’s health and learning. Existing practices regarding the frequency, type and context of physical activity opportunities being provided to children in the early years of primary school remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to observe Year 1 children’s physical activity and its contexts during school class time and identify opportunities to incorporate additional activity. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 34 Year 1 children (20 boys, 14 girls; mean age = 6.36 ± 0.34 years) from one primary school in Queensland, Australia. A modified version of the Observational System for Recording Physical Activity in Children—Elementary School was used to assess children’s physical activity and its contexts during class time. Observational data were collected over a four-week period. The frequencies (and percentages) of intervals of children’s activity observed in sedentary, light and moderate-to-vigorous intensities during different instructional and social contexts and physical settings were recorded and calculated. Pearson’s chi-square test of association was conducted to evaluate whether social context (group composition) was related to incidental physical activity. A total of 5305 observation intervals (i.e., 5 s observation interval followed by a 25 s recording interval) were available for analysis (~44 h of observation). Year 1 children were sedentary for the majority (86%) of observed intervals during school class time. Children spent limited time performing light (12% of intervals) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (2% of intervals). Organised physical activity observed during class time included physical education/school sport (5.9% of intervals) and classroom-based physical activity (2.8% of intervals). When children completed activities in small groups, they were significantly more likely to engage in incidental physical activity than when they completed activities as a whole class (χ2 = 94.73 p < 0.001). Incorporating movement into academic lessons or during transitions between lessons and classrooms may encourage children to be more active. Incidental physical activity may also be promoted through small group activities. Schools should ideally be encouraged and supported to employ a whole-of-school approach to physical activity promotion, which includes identifying and implementing opportunities for children to be active during class time.

Double the Power of Story

School and public librarians and teachers who read aloud to elementary (primary) children can use techniques that empower children with increased academic skills, social skills, and cultural awareness. This paper presents research-based, recommended strategies for reading aloud that both improve listening and reading comprehension and develop literary appreciation. Themes and topics of stories selected can supplement or reinforce curricular learning and explore thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Children practice social skills and respect for others while listening to and discussing stories. Included are tips for making story hour an enjoyable experience that develops a reading culture.

Academic enablers as dynamic moderators: Exploring academic enablers and achievement across elementary school

The purpose of the current study was to advance the understanding of the cross-grade dynamics of academic enablers in three ways: (a) to compare overall levels of academic enablers across children's elementary school years, (b) to determine if the relationship between academic enablers and academic achievement remained consistent across children's elementary school years, and (c) to determine if the interrelationships between academic enablers remained consistent across elementary school. We examined cross-grade dynamics using a sample of elementary-aged children (N = 536) and structural equation modeling methodology to compare primary (K–3rd grade) and intermediate (4th–5th grade) students. After establishing measurement invariance, we tested whether (a) academic enabler means and variances were equivalent for younger and older elementary students, (b) the relationships between academic enablers and academic achievement were equivalent for younger and older elementary students, and (c) the interrelations between academic enablers were equivalent for younger versus older students. The findings revealed few differences in mean levels of academic enablers but several differences in the relationships between academic enablers and academic achievement, as well as academic enabler interrelations across grade groups. Implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.

Development of Parental Efficacy Scale to Measure Parents’ Involvement Capabilities in Elementary Education

Parental involvement had benefit for the education of elementary children. Yet, knowing parental efficacy was important factor to do such involvement. The purpose of this study was to design and examine a practical, valid, and reliable parental efficacy scale for measuring parents’ capabilities to involve in elementary education. A total of 402 parents of elementary children participated in this study, consisting of 114 fathers (28.36%) and 288 mothers (71.64%). They were selected randomly from 10 elementary schools and fulfilled informed consent showing they participated voluntarily in the study. A Parental Efficacy Scale which had been designed was tested for its practicality, validity and reliability. This self-report instrument asked parents to respond 67 items containing six aspects, namely their belief to be able parenting children, communicating with the school, helping children learn at home, becoming school volunteers, making decisions, and collaborating with community. The results showed that the scale fulfilled all of three requirements in all six aspects.

Classroom Based Intensive Toilet Training for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an intensive toilet training program on continence and self-initiation for elementary children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Researchers used a non-concurrent multiple baseline design (Watson and Workman in J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 12:257–259, 1981, 10.1016/0005-7916(81)90055-0) with regulated randomization (Koehler and Levin in Psychol Methods 3(2):206, 1998, 10.1037/1082-989X.3.2.206) to evaluate the effects of the intensive protocol with four students with ASD in the classroom where they received special education services. The protocol included increased access to fluids, contingent time intervals for sit schedules, programmed reinforcement, and dry checks. All four participants met mastery criteria and maintained independent toileting after the study’s completion. Three participants began self-initiating to use the restroom. The implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.