Political Elements Research Articles

The rise and evolution of Korean Christian foreign missions and political interaction

Korea has seen remarkable development into a key worldwide missionary force since the advent of Christianity in the late 19th century. Building upon this context, the objective of this article is to explore the historical and practical consequences of the increase in Korean Christian overseas missionary endeavours and their relationship with politics. The article emphasises the pivotal significance of political elements in the transition from quantitative to qualitative transformations in Korean Christian missionary movements. For this purpose, the study takes a political science approach, methodically examines the historical relationship between Korean Christian foreign missionary activities and politics, and demonstrates how Korean Christianity has evolved from a key influence in the national movement to a significant participant in contemporary politics, encompassing both international and domestic politics. Given the changing political landscape, the overseas missionary efforts of Korean Christianity have emerged as a crucial element of the country’s soft power, serving to protect national interests and propagate its religious beliefs.Contribution: This article explores South Korean Christian missions’ historical and political evolution, from nationalist roots to global influencers. It highlights their role in South Korea’s soft power strategy, shaping domestic policies and global perceptions. Moreover, it sheds light on Asia, especially Korea, becoming a pivotal hub for Christian missionary endeavours, reflecting a global shift in missionary focus.

State Power and Political Elites in Dimension of Global Conflicts and Socio-Economic Development of Ukraine

Introduction: The global political conflicts impact the political elite and socioeconomic development of Ukraine. Many big economies face political conflict, particularly between Russia and Ukraine. The current study evaluates the impact of political conflicts on socio and economic factors in Ukraine using data from different official data sources, including World Development Indicators (WDI). Methods: The study uses the Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA). Results: The results indicate that economic growth has decreased since Ukraine and Russia started their conflict. A drastic change in unemployment level and current account also generated negative values. The Ukrainian currency has decreased by more than 20 per cent. The whole concept shows that the indicators are not going in a good direction, which means the quality of life is decreasing due to problems in socio-economic indicators. The human cost of conflict that hurt the economics of the world and Ukraine. The world’s GDP has reduced by 1%, or $1.5 trillion, and European commerce has decreased by 1%. Developing Europe is badly impacted as the GDP of the European nations that rely on Ukraine declines by 30%. The exports have decreased from 8 to 18 per cent, contributing to the current account deficit. Conclusions: On the other hand, the study concludes that global political conflicts impact leaders regarding international political disputes, which also affect socioeconomic and political elements, security, and politics. Certain sub-factors, such as heightened accountability and scrutiny, shifting alliances, and the power of international institutions, are impacted politically.

Research on the Teaching Design of Integration of Ideological and Political Elements in Medical Immunology under the Background of “The Five Cultivations Simultaneously”

Research on the Teaching Design of Integration of Ideological and Political Elements in Medical Immunology under the Background of “The Five Cultivations Simultaneously”

The Issue of Attribution of Acts Committed in the Information Space

INTRODUCTION. Due to the recent trend related to the use of information and communication technologies by certain states with the aim to assert their geopolitical superiority, study of the issue of attribution of responsibility for acts committed in the information space as well as possible of responses to such attacks becomes even more relevant. Therefore, in the article the problems related to international responsibility, particularities of attacks in information space and ways to attribute such attacks, as well as effectiveness of international law are analyzed.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The research examines treaties, international customs, general widely recognized principles of international law, as well as resolutions, materials and documents of specialized working groups, and doctrine. General scientific and specific scientific methods of enquiry (methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction, induction, dialectical and formal legal methods) were used in the preparation of the study.RESEARCH RESULTS. The result of the conducted research is the conclusion that it is impossible to effectively regulate issues arising from the issue of attribution of acts committed in the information space exclusively with the current international law. Therefore, there is a need to develop a relevant international treaty taking into account the provisions of the concept of the UN Convention on International Information Security. At the same time, in order to effectively attribute an act, it is important to take into account the political, technical and legal elements of attribution of responsibility.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The article considers approaches to the issue of attribution of attacks in the information space as well as of possible ways of responding to such attacks within the framework of current international law. The problem of possible application of international humanitarian law, especially issue of interpretation of “attack” for the purposes of attacks in information space was also examined. In addition, the author analyzes the provisions of the concept of the UN Convention on International Information Security.The author concludes that current international law is not sufficient for effective attribution of an act committed in the information space. Elaboration of additional international legal regulation that would take into account the particularities of the information space is required. It is also crucial to develop international cooperation in this area, including through the creation of a global register of contact points.

Research on the Teaching Path of Higher Vocational Big Data Technology Major Based on “Course Ideological and Political Education”

Based on the curriculum characteristics of the big data technology major, this paper explores the integration pathways of curriculum ideology and politics. It begins by re-designing the training objectives of the big data technology major and closely combining ideological and political teaching with professional curriculum instruction. The study optimizes the design of curriculum ideological and political implementation plans, identifies ideological and political elements within professional courses, innovates teaching methods for curriculum ideology and politics, and establishes a multi-dimensional teaching evaluation mechanism. The viewpoints and strategies discussed aim to support the implementation of ideological and political teaching in the big data technology major, achieving the organic unity of value shaping, ability training, and knowledge impartation.

Development of Regional Human Rights Regime in Asia: Defining the Challenges

This study analyses the progress made toward establishing a cohesive regional human rights framework in Asia while identifying key obstacles that hinder its evolution. It also explores the intricate nature of constructing a unified structure for human rights in the region through a comprehensive examination of historical, cultural, political, and economic elements. The examination of current mechanisms such as the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR) and the ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) Asian Human Rights Declaration highlights both the constraints and potential avenues for advancement. The study posits that a collaborative approach, involving regional organizations, civil society, and international collaboration, is crucial despite historical legacies, cultural differences, and economic paradoxes. The significance of addressing these challenges is highlighted by the potential advantages of establishing a unified human rights regime, which encompasses regional stability and the safeguarding of individual rights. The imperative of promoting a transformative human rights framework in Asia necessitates the maintenance of an inclusive dialogue among stakeholders moving forward.

The Rise and Fall of Sunni-Shia Relations in Indonesia: The in-Between Theology, Political-Economics, and Da’wah

This study discusses the dynamics of the relationship between Sunnis and Shiites in Indonesia, which are sometimes tense, but generally harmonious. This study is qualitative-research using a literature review method. To sharpen the analysis of the discussion of the dynamics of Sunnis-Shiites, interdisciplinary research is used in the study of religions. The results of this study indicate that the main factor causing tension between Shiites vis-à-vis Sunnis is due to the doctrine of the Imamate which is the belief of the Shiites themselves. This doctrinal difference is what gives rise to other elementary factors such as politics and economics. That the elements of doctrine, politics and economics make the relationship between Sunnis and Shiites in Indonesia even more complicated. The three are intertwined in such a way that the Sunni-Shiite conflict develops in various regions of Indonesia. However, this study also shows a relatively harmonious relationship process between Sunnis and Shiites in various regions of Indonesia. The harmonization process between the two camps with different ideologies occurs at the grassroots level. This study recommends the process of strengthening cultural da'wah as one of the harmonization strategies among religious communities in Indonesia.

Exploring the Implementation Path of Curriculum Ideology and Politics in Senior High School English Teaching

Under the guidance of the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education, curriculum ideology and politics is integrated into various disciplines. Based on elaborating the concept of curriculum ideology and politics and the necessity of integrating it into senior high school English teaching, this article focuses on discussing the implementation path of integrating curriculum ideology and politics into senior high school English teaching, addressing the problems faced by integrating curriculum ideology and politics into senior high school English teaching. This includes strengthening teachers’ ideological construction, innovating English teaching methods, and exploring ideological and political elements in textbooks, in order to enhance senior high school students’ ideological and political education and cultivate a new generation of capable young people.

The Evolution of Digital Communication: Zelensky and the Use of Instagram in Wartime

Social media platforms have played a significant role in the widespread dissemination of propaganda images during recent conflicts. This phenomenon underscores the importance of these tools as vehicles for the spread of political narratives, ideologies, and propaganda messages. This study aims to investigate the role of visual propaganda in the current era of social media, with a focus on the use of spectacularization as part of the communication strategy employed by the Ukrainian President, Volodymyr Zelensky, within the context of the Instagram platform. The objective of this analysis is to explore how Zelensky uses Instagram as a tool to spectacularize his political persona and promote his agenda. We examine the nature and mechanisms of spectacularization, with a specific focus on how the Ukrainian President constructs a public image that combines elements of entertainment and politics. To examine the use of Zelensky's public image and personal style in the ongoing conflict, we employed a combination of social media analysis tools. These platforms allowed us to monitor and delve into the effectiveness of Zelensky's public appearances from February 24, 2022, to February 24, 2023, providing us with a comprehensive overview of the current state of affairs. The collected data were analyzed using a multidisciplinary approach that combines political communication theory and media analysis. The results indicate that the President's personal style, characterized by a predominantly informal and de-institutionalized appearance, significantly impacts the public perception of his political persona. Within the landscape of social media-based information warfare, various issues are addressed and explored. Overall, this context highlights the importance of understanding how visual imagery is used as a tool of manipulation and persuasion within the dynamics of social media. Keywords: propaganda, spectacularization, communication strategies, Zelensky, Instagram

The Exploration of the Trinity Path of Ideology and Politics in the Teaching Course of the History of British Literature and its Selected Readings

In the traditional British and American literature teaching, in the face of the classic text, the teaching process often adopts the text itself to explore the ideological and political elements of the text. This paper proposes that this kind of thinking and teaching mode limits the reflection of ideological and political elements of the text. Based on this, this paper holds that we should take the trinity way from the literary tradition, the text itself and the contemporary adaptation of the text to fully explore the ideological and political elements of the text, and shape students' ideology from a broader dimension. This kind of trinity teaching mode realizes the win-win situation of in-depth interpretation of text and comprehensive exploration of ideological and political elements, which is a beneficial way worth trying. This is a beneficial exploration of the course teaching mode of British and American literature from the new perspective of courses for ideological and political education, which will provide references for improving students' British learning efficiency and laying a foundation for training comprehensive British majors.

Exploration and Practice of Integrating Curriculum Ideology and Politics into the Teaching of “Urban Railway Operation Equipment”

Organic integration of ideological and political education elements into the teaching of professional courses is an urgent task for the construction and reform of professional courses under the new situation of current vocational education. The article takes curriculum ideology and politics of Urban Railway Operation Equipment as the main body of analysis. Firstly, analyzes the necessity of implementing curriculum ideology and politics, secondly analyzes and digs out the elements of ideology and politics contained in the course, and finally puts forward the strategy of implementing curriculum ideology and politics in the course. It provides a reference for the construction of the elements of ideology and politics into the classroom for the transportation operation management majors of the current higher vocational colleges.

Exploring new dimensions of urban governance: The development of administrative systems in Trieste and Fiume (Rijeka) during the final decades of the Habsburg Empire (1850–1918)

Urban governance is often perceived as a concept that has emerged over the past half-century, evolving from the policy of urban government. The analysis of this shift, known as the “transformation thesis,” has been criticized by recent studies in the field, which focus on the theory of metagovernance. However, both branches of urban governance literature heavily rely on knowledge of American cities, hindering a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. There is a growing demand to broaden the temporal and geographical scope of case studies and conduct more comparative research to better understand the roots and current processes of urban governance. While the fundamental driving forces behind the emergence of modern municipal administration during the 19th century have been adequately explored, various characteristics of different geographical locations might add new dimensions and approaches to understanding urban governance. This study offers a comprehensive insight into the birth and early formation of urban governance systems in the free ports of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, namely Trieste and Fiume (Rijeka in Croatian). By analyzing legal documents and applying a mixed-method approach, this study unravels the institutional structures, electoral systems, and municipal authorities of Trieste and Fiume from the 1848 Revolution until the end of the First World War. In addition to the historical and Central European perspectives, this paper aims to explore rarely considered contextual factors of urban governance, such as legal-administrative, socio-economic, and political elements. The comparative analysis of Trieste and Fiume demonstrates that even within the same empire, a wide range of diverse influences could shape urban governance systems. Despite these varied factors and significantly different administrative contexts, surprisingly similar governance practices could also emerge.

Colonial fantasies of invulnerability to climate change

ABSTRACT Despite an ever-growing critical literature, vulnerability retains its place as a dominant concept in climate politics. What is less heavily researched is the concept of “invulnerability,” an idea that feminist and decolonial theory has many tools to critique. After unpacking the material and discursive elements of vulnerability politics, this article focuses on invulnerability as a concept that is an influential yet unexplored set of masculine and colonial fantasies. These fantasies – of modernity, mastery, and continentalism – are critiqued through different critical traditions, which are brought into conversation with climate politics literature. I then discuss the counternarratives of Oceanic thought, following Teresia Teaiwa’s prompt to “island the world.” I argue that this can be done through a focus on care, relationality, and a decolonial politics of resistance. I conclude that resisting the politics of vulnerability requires an engagement with critical feminist and decolonial thought to enable an imaginative piercing of the fantasies of invulnerability.

Obraz Morza Czarnego w polszczyźnie ogólnej i w polskim dyskursie parlamentarnym. Analiza korpusowa

In this article I present the results of corpus and lexicographic analyses of the bigram black sea. I conduct frequency, semantic, emotional and pragmalinguistic analyses of this proper name – Black Sea. I extracted these contexts from the corpora of Polish: Corpus of Parliamentary Discourse, NKJP and Monco.pl. As a result of my analysis, I obtained a linguistic picture of the Black Sea in the Polish communicative community. In parliament – in the texts of which this onim appears – the dominant negative emotion accompanying the basic theme, i.e. (current) politics, for the purpose of which, among other things, the mechanism of post-truth and post-memory are constructed using this name as elements of so-called historical politics. In general, the concept expressed by the bigram Black Sea is located on the periphery of the Polish linguistic worldview; does not constitute a prototype of “maritimeness”. The analyzed structure sends users of modern Polish to spatially, historically and mentally distant areas of Central Europe, to its southern part.

Migration and Segregated Spaces: Analysis of Qualitative Sources Such as Wikipedia Using Artificial Intelligence

The scientific literature on residential segregation in large metropolitan areas highlights various explanatory factors, including economic, social, political, landscape, and cultural elements related to both migrant and local populations. This paper contrasts the impact of these factors individually, such as the immigrant rate and neighborhood segregation. To achieve this, a machine learning analysis was conducted on a sample of neighborhoods in the main Spanish metropolitan areas (Madrid and Barcelona), using a database created from a combination of official statistical sources and textual sources, such as Wikipedia. These texts were transformed into indexes using Natural Language Processing (NLP) and other artificial intelligence algorithms capable of interpreting images and converting them into indexes. The results indicate that the factors influencing immigrant concentration and segregation differ significantly, with crucial roles played by the urban landscape, population size, and geographic origin. While land prices showed a relationship with immigrant concentration, their effect on segregation was mediated by factors such as overcrowding, social support networks, and landscape degradation. The novel application of AI and big data, particularly through ChatGPT and Google Street View, has enhanced model predictability, contributing to the scientific literature on segregated spaces.

Documenting war in Ukrainian comics: shifting from soldiers to civilians

ABSTRACT Against the backdrop of the Russian–Ukrainian war, Ukrainian comics have emerged as a potent medium for depicting the ongoing conflict. They blend informational, political, cultural, and artistic elements, contributing to a multi-dimensional media discourse. They also serve as a means of documenting the war’s reality, becoming an integral part of cultural memory. The Ukrainian documentary comic series Kiborhy (Cyborgs) and the comic magazine INKER play a significant role in this regard. When comparing the earlier Kiborhy to the more recent INKER comics, a discernible shift in narrative focus can be observed: whereas Kiborhy portray heroic Ukrainian soldiers, INKER’s narratives centre around the everyday heroism of ordinary civilians. As opposed to Kiborhy, INKER utilizes intimate storytelling, often employing first-person narratives and personal reflections to convey the emotional impact of war without presenting any explicit violence. This shift also marks a departure from dehumanizing portrayals of the enemy as seen in Kiborhy, to a more nuanced approach where the adversaries are not explicitly named in the storytelling. This transition has diversified the range of narratives and characters, enabling social commentary and transforming Ukrainian comics into a more inclusive and diverse medium.

An Enquiry Into Modes of Non-Existence

After the many symmetries (subject-object, truth-falsity, etc.) that science and technology studies (STS) has explored, one symmetry seems unaddressed: the symmetry of explaining non-existence from the same kind of causes as existence. A social-constructivist perspective that articulates the work required to bring about existence cannot uncritically take for granted that the absence of such work simply explains non-existence. Rather, some non-existences are just as much “made,” and these non-existences “could have been otherwise.” In this article, I attempt to systematize this construction of non-existence under the notion of stifling. I first explore how the production of forms of non-existence has been thematized in scholarship in STS. I take non-things, non-knowledge, and non-people as the main classes to organize the arguments. I then propose a systematic approach to the ontological work performed through stifling and, notably, the consequences for what kind of futures this renders thinkable and unthinkable. Stifling then emerges as an important dynamic through which modal power is exercised and an indispensable element of ontological politics.

Citizenship in Lithuanian Lexicographical Sources, Youth Worldview, and Media Texts

The concept of citizenship (civic sense) has not yet fully crystallised, which is why different aspects are emphasised in academic literature and public discourse. Attempts are made to compare and associate it with other concepts, such as nationality or patriotism, which are often used synonymously in various contexts. From a linguistic perspective, the concept of citizenship has not been thoroughly examined. Therefore, the aim of this article is to explore the concept of citizenship in Lithuanian dictionaries, public media texts, and the responses of young people to the question: What does citizenship mean to you? The concept of citizenship is closely related to another concept—namely, the state—where legal, cultural, social, and political elements are interconnected. The state provides its citizens with rights and duties, and a citizen must be able to use and defend the rights and freedoms granted, as well as actively participate in public life with the ultimate goal of contributing to the well-being of Lithuania. Students emphasise that the concept is complex and involves not only an individual’s relationship with the state but also relationships between people. However, both in youth responses and in public discourse, the key aspect is that citizenship is seen as a value, the components of which are reflected in its cognitive definition. Despite the introductory thoughts stating that citizenship and patriotism are not identical, for young people these concepts are intertwined and share many common aspects. In public discourse, there is a strong emphasis on the importance of nurturance of citizenship, which requires continuous effort. As a result, various initiatives, competitions, lessons, and programs are offered. The research concludes that the cognitive definition of citizenship embraces respect for the state, its language, symbols, history, culture, and traditions, as well as for other citizens and differing opinions; a duty to the state (defence, involvement in public life, voting, paying taxes, restraining misbehaviour); working for the state; love for the country; and self-sacrifice for it. Typically, the meaning of a word is looked up in dictionaries regarded as the most reliable lexicographical sources. The study shows that there is a need to expand dictionary definitions or elaborate on this concept in the upcoming “Dictionary of Standard Lithuanian”, so that society can recognize the broader content of the concept of citizenship. It is agreed that citizenship is a cultivated value, and its content heavily depends on who is involved in the educational process. Therefore, it is essential for linguists and language institutions to engage in the citizenship development program so that young people can see that citizenship is not just about defence; it also includes language, as well as cultural and ethnic aspects.

Risk of Corruption in Public Procurement in Portuguese Municipalities. How is It Related to Politics, Gender of the Mayor, and Socioeconomic Municipalities Characteristics?

This study aims to analyze the risk of corruption within public procurement processes for public works contracts at the municipal level in Portugal. Employing a quantitative methodology previously validated in some countries, corruption risk within municipal public procurement was estimated for Portuguese municipalities and an attempt was made to determine the extent to which it is related to various political elements that characterize the municipal executive board, such as the number of mandates, the status of the incumbent, decision-making in election years and other political issues. Additionally, relationships between the corruption risk and some socio-economic and demographic factors, such as the level of education (human capital), purchasing power (economic capital) and gender of the mayor were examined. Findings reveal that in public procurement at the local level, the risk of corruption implicit in public tenders is not related to maintaining political power over several terms of office and other political issues, such as the moment of elections. It is also found that the risk of corruption in public procurement is not associated with the gender of the mayor. Findings should be interpreted with caution due to challenges in adapting the methodology for Portugal, as well as the few female mayors.

Exploration and Practice of Ideological and Political Education in Foreign Trade English Correspondence Course

The cultivation of talents in higher education institutions is a process that combines education and talent cultivation, and the curriculum of ideological and political education is the concrete implementation of the fundamental mission of "cultivating virtue and nurturing talents" in education. This paper takes the non-ideological and political subject of Foreign Trade English Correspondence as the research object, specifically studying the ideological and political elements that can be integrated into this course, and exploring effective ways to achieve the value function of this course.