Elements Of Language Research Articles

Screen Language in Experimental Cinema

The purpose of the research is to analyse the evolution of experimental cinema in order to identify the elements introduced into the language of the screen. To study the impact of non-traditional cinema on the audiovisual space and to identify its influence on contemporary mass cinema. To outline experimentalism's innovative aspects and determine its prospects for development in the context of the contemporary film environment. The research methodology is based on a number of scientific methods. The explanatory method aims to identify the factors that have led to the emergence of differences in film language between experimental and traditional cinema. The theoretical method is based on a systematic analysis of literary sources and includes a detailed overview of the history of experimental cinema and an analysis of scientific works by theorists and directors, with an emphasis on identifying the key elements of screen language. The empirical method involves a retrospective analysis of experimental films to identify the peculiarities of screen language. The comparative method is used to draw parallels between different experimental film movements and their synthesis. Scientific novelty. Through a thorough analysis of the elements of screen language invented and implemented in non-traditional cinema, the key experimental techniques that find their embodiment in the contemporary mass cinema environment have been identified for the first time. Conclusions. The study analyses the development of experimental cinema and identifies the elements implemented in the screen language. It was found that experimental cinema significantly expanded the artistic possibilities of traditional cinema. Once innovative, its elements of screen language have now become acceptable and widely used in contemporary films. The article outlines the innovative aspects and identifies the prospects for developing non-traditional cinema. Synthesising the main trends of experimentalism, contemporary experimental cinema faces the challenge of developing its own language in the current audiovisual environment.

Intercultural Communicative Competence in the Polish educational context: EFL primary school teachers’ practices and opinions

Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) is defined as“a complex of abilities (including host language proficiency) that are needed to perform effectively and appropriately when interacting with others who are linguistically and culturally different from oneself”(Fantini 2020: 5). The development of ICC in learners has been recognised as one of the key elements of foreign language (L2) education by, for instance, the Council of Europe (2022). The article presents the findings of a study conducted among primary school teachers of English which investigated their practices in teaching and assessing ICC, as well as their opinions on coursebook content and on learner motivation regarding ICC development. Quantitative and qualitative data have been gathered by means of a questionnaire administered to 39 teachers of English and interviews conducted with five teachers of English. The findings show that most respondents attempt to prioritise integrating ICC into English courses and aim to develop students’ICC. However, less than half give ICC equal importance to language in their teaching. Moreover, most participants often rely on teaching national attributes to foster ICC.

Teori Linguistik dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab

The purpose of this research is to provide an overview of modern linguistics. Descriptive qualitative research methodology is used here. The literature on contemporary linguistics served as the study's data source. The method of data analysis is linguistic content analysis. both current and broad linguistics. According to the study's findings, modern linguistics is the scientific study of language itself, including its lexical, grammatical, and phonological structure (langue) as well as its use as speech (parole). The constituent elements of language—phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics—are the focus of contemporary linguistic research. In order for language to be used effectively, modern linguistics seeks to better comprehend its nature, phenomena, and constituent parts to interact with others within a social setting.Sociolinguistics, contrastive, and psycholinguistics are some of the advantages of using linguistic theory in Arabic instruction. In order to establish learning objectives and provide an explanation of the language, linguistics is a crucial component of Arabic language instruction Teachers benefit from linguistics' ability to describe and analyse language, which enhances the educational process. Planning maturity is the first step in an effective learning process and is essential to attaining the best learning outcomes. Achieving the objectives of Arabic language instruction begins with careful planning.

Dvorazsežnostna tipologija izraženega prevzemanja (drTIP)

The process of borrowing foreign words in Slovene can be divided into disguised (calque) and expressed lexical borrowing (loanwords). This paper presents a two-dimensional model of expressed lexical borrowing (drTIP), which involves the adaptation of the expression from the donor language (phonological adaptation, transliteration) in one dimension, and the addition of elements of the Slovene language (grammatical, formative morphemes) in the other. A graphical model was presented alongside drTIP to facilitate understanding. Moreover, the typology was evaluated by comparing the main existing theories of expressed lexical borrowing and two orthographic manuals – the currently valid 2001 Slovenski pravopis and the proposal for Pravopis 8.0. Significant differences exist in the use of terminology among authors who have researched lexical borrowing, both at the level of the term and at the level of the concept. drTIP covers all the possibilities provided by the previous typologies, and allows for an even more detailed analysis of the borrowed words. It also provides a terminological and methodological basis for further research of loanwords from foreign languages in Slovene. Furthermore, the graphical model is useful for showing changes at the level of the term in diachronic and synchronic linguistic analysis. It has also been created for pedagogical purposes, since the graphical design may make the typology of loanwords easier to understand than the existing classifications.

Saxophone, Stylistic Orientations and Directions in Tableaux de Provence – J. M. Paule Maurice

Considered a reference work in the musical literature dedicated to the saxophone, the Tableaux de Provence suite for saxophone and orchestra was composed between 1954 – 1959 with dedication to a saxophonist virtuoso, but also family friend – Marcel Mule. The programmatic vision is evident from the suggestive titles, suitable for each image. The contrast is a specific feature of the suite genre, being approached by composers at the thematic level as well as developed in all language elements. The purpose of this article is to decipher the interpretative stylistic – features of the Tableaux de Provence suite, which will lead to a better understanding of the style proposed by J. M. P. Maurice’s.

Cracking etymological enigmas: unravelling the Greek and Latin languages’ contributions in marine taxa nomenclature

Abstract Etymology is a key component in zoological nomenclature, often carrying key information for an organism. Greek and Latin languages have been used for centuries in synthesizing zoological names. However, there are surprisingly few studies about each language’s contribution, which is crucial for avoiding misunderstandings around names’ meaning and origin. This study examined the publications that described 1328 valid Echinodermata genera and presents results for 425 genera where etymology was provided by the authors. The analysis showed that 63.8% of genera names were composed exclusively of Greek elements, 28.0% were hybrid, 6.1% ‘other’, and 2.1% Latin. Language elements used in the formation of names were Greek (68.1%), ‘other’ (17.2%), or Latin (14.7%). The contribution of the Greek elements decreased after 1960, while the presence of hybrid increased. A decrease in the contribution of morphological elements was also observed after 1960, accompanied by an increased use of scientists’ surnames. Etymological analysis has unravelled and addressed long-lasting misconceptions about commonly used terminology. The number of studies where etymology is provided increased after 1960; this practice needs to be sustained as etymological transparency advances zoological knowledge and minimizes the risk for the development of misleading concepts in zoological nomenclature.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE 'MALZAMAH ARABIYAH' TEACHING MATERIAL FROM THE MIDDLE EAST PROGRAM AT MARKAZ ARABIYYAH PARE BASED ON WILLIAM MACKEY'S THEORY

This study aims to describe the analysis of Malzamah Arabiyah teaching materials based on Mackey's theory (selection, gradation, presentation, and repetition). The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach with a type of library research with primary data in the form of the main textbook namely "Malzamah Arabiyah", and secondary data in the form of books, journals, articles and supporting writings. The results of the research show that this book is generally appropriate and the material presented has been well selected from various angles. At the gradation stage, this book has fulfilled the elements of the first gradation and the second gradation, namely grouping based on each skill or language element and sorting the material presented in each large group according to the psychology of the students. At the presentation stage, Malzamah Arabiyah's book is very appropriate in differential, potential, and context procedures, but it is still lacking in presenting image-based material or pictoral procedures. The repetition stage is good even though in terms of reading and writing skills it is still lacking.

Pragmatics of elements of film language in advertising and film discourse

Pragmatics of elements of film language in advertising and film discourse

Penggunaan Bahasa Persuasi dan Elemen Bahasa pada Iklan Makanan di YouTube

This research aims to identify the use of persuasive language and language elements in food advertisements on the YouTube platform. Food advertising on digital media is an effective means of attracting consumer attention. With a qualitative descriptive approach, this research reveals various persuasion language techniques, such as the use of invitations and suggestions such as "try", "again", "really", and "interesting", which encourage the audience to try the product. In addition, repetition of sentences and use of hyperbole to highlight product advantages were found to be effective in attracting attention and increasing consumer interest. The results of this research indicate that persuasive language in food advertising plays an important role in generating interest and encouraging consumers to buy products. These findings provide insight into language-based marketing strategies that can be used to influence consumer decisions.

Sporting words: how Indonesian commentators shape game narratives

This study analyses the Indonesian sport announcers in relation to their repositioning as integral constituents of the game through the use of language and cultural content and embedding them in the cultural context of the country. The main purpose is to analyze how commentators create stories that are appealing to audiences, evoke emotions as well as build up nationalism. In this qualitative study, commentary data from different broadcasts of sporting events is examined, with specific attention to emotionality, cultural and syntactical elements of language. The research shows that Indonesian narrators utilize storytelling techniques to captivate their audiences. Other issues accentuated are the themes of national togetherness or oneness, hardwork and solidarity that tended to be pronounced in important matches and international games. Some words or these images of language socialise the audience and positively prepare them to their devotion to the sport and unite them toward the success of the sport. For example, sentiments concerning success at the national level and pride at having originated from a successful area not only highlight narrower success but also extend it to the broader society. This study advances both sports and sociolinguistics by elaborating about language, culture and sports events in the context of Indonesia. It shows the importance of sports commentary as a means of fostering cultural identity and social integration. The study also describes how the commentators create stories appealing to the viewers and opens the way for future investigation into the role played by media narratives in developing public opinion and community participation. In its outcomes, this research broadens the appreciation of the role of sports commentary in the entertainment and cultural industries and emphasizes the influence of language and culture on the audience experience.

Empowering autonomy in language learning: the sustainable impact of data-driven learning on noun collocation acquisition

This study explores the effectiveness of Data-Driven Learning (DDL) in teaching noun collocations to pre-tertiary learners in Hubei Province, China, using the online corpus tool ‘Corpusmate’. Acknowledging the importance and challenge of mastering collocations in learning a foreign language, this study focuses on the effects of DDL on pre-tertiary learners, an area less examined previously due to the complexities associated with using corpus tools. Conducted over two months, the research employed pre-tests, post-tests, and delayed post-tests to measure learners’ comprehension and retention of noun collocations. Additionally, a questionnaire was distributed to gather feedback on learners’ experiences with the DDL approach and ‘Corpusmate’. Results indicated that the experimental group, which received DDL training, showed significant improvements in test scores compared to the control group, which used traditional resources. The experimental group’s scores remained high in the delayed post-test, suggesting that the DDL approach facilitated long-term retention of collocational knowledge, although a notable proportion of learners expressed neutral or negative perceptions of the DDL activities. These results highlight the need for further investigation into the attitudes of the participants. Overall, most participants provided positive feedback on the use of ‘Corpusmate’ in learning noun collocations. These results advocate for the incorporation of corpus consultation into language teaching practices. The study underscores that with appropriate training and tools like ‘Corpusmate’, the DDL approach can potently aid in the sustained learning of complex language elements, such as collocations, even for younger learners.

Discrimination analysis of quantitative indicators of understanding the written form of deaf children's communication through the use of types of words

In deaf students, there is no contextual understanding and recognition of word types through linguistic competence testing compared to the hearing population, because 67.10% do not understand, and 10.00% of deaf children partially understand the contextual application of word types in a written text task. The aim of the study is to determine the distance of language discourse between deaf and hearing respondents and to establish a discrimination factor that can be used for practical purposes in a classification sense, with the aim of determining the priority of linguistic education and language elements of deaf children in relation to their lagging behind hearing children. The study was conducted on a sample of 140 respondents. The first subsample of respondents, the experimental group consisted of 70 deaf students, and the second subsample, the control group of 70 hearing students, of the same chronological age and gender. The measuring instrument “Test of comprehension of the written form of expression” was applied. The collected data were processed using the discriminant analysis method. The results of the study showed that the discrimination factor is in the sequence of the use of words, adjectives, exclamations and adverbs. Nouns and prepositions have a negative correlation, which points to the fact that these four types of words are in direct implication with nouns and prepositions, and represents information that these four types of words must be more represented in the educational materials of written expression of deaf children. The results of the study also open up a series of questions focused on the quality of the educational processes of deaf children, as well as the level of lag in written communication compared to hearing children. The results of the study can influence the raising of general rehabilitation procedures to a higher level of responsibility in education centers where deaf children are educated.

Semantic Analysis of the Linguistic Heritage of the Golden Horde Period: Based on the Material of “Gulistan Bit-Turki” by Seif Sarai and “Khosrov and Shirin” by Qutb

The aim of this study is to examine the written monuments from the Golden Horde period and contemporary literary works, focusing on the frequency of use, functionality, and stylistic features of both indigenous and borrowed vocabulary within literary texts. The lexical units were analyzed using methods such as linguistic-statistical, contextual, historical-comparative, semantic, and contextual analysis. This study explored the literal and figurative meanings of words of Turkic, Arabic, and Persian origin used in the written monuments of the Golden Horde. The research provides insights into the primary lexical layers of the Turkic languages, the time of their formation, and their frequency of use in the literary tradition. Emphasis was placed on examples of contexts that confirm specific lexical meanings, as well as on metaphorical and figurative transformations aimed at achieving stylistic effects. The study also considered the history of the formation of Turkic languages, the adaptation of borrowed lexical layers, and the modification of primary meanings (metaphorical, figurative). Kipchak, Karluk, and Oghuz language elements were highlighted through the analysis of the written monuments, along with their frequency of integration. Contemporary literary texts were examined in terms of the use of lexical elements (both indigenous and borrowed) for artistic purposes. This research can be used for comparative analysis of closely related Turkic languages, the study of contemporary literary texts in terms of the use of indigenous and borrowed lexicon, and for forming an understanding of the ancient lexical layers of various Turkic languages.

The role of the inflection elements in the Romanian librarian language

This article explores the way inflection elements influence the Romanian librarian language. Inflection, as a linguistic phenomenon, plays an essential role in the structure and functioning of language, providing nuance and clarity in communication. In the bibliographic context, the correct use of inflection is essential for accuracy and efficiency in knowledge cataloguing, indexing, and organizing. The study examines the specific forms of inflection in the library terminology and their impact on the librarian practices. The analysis includes concrete examples of library terms and illustrates how inflection influences modern library processes.

Chinese plants images in the painting of Meissen porcelain products

The article attempts to consider Chinese plant images in the painting of German porcelain products of the XVIII century as an area of interaction between Chinese and European artistic cultures. The subject of the study is the paintings of works of German and Chinese porcelain, which are considered as a "text" that includes not only plot-formal meanings, but also hidden structural and semantic formations. Using the example of plant images in the painting of Meissen porcelain of the XVIII century, the forms of reading and interpretation of the artistic features of Chinese porcelain by Western European masters are revealed and analyzed. The systematization and comparison of the elements of the artistic language identified in the considered works of art are carried out, the specifics of perception and interpretation by European masters of the language of Chinese art are established. Special attention is paid to the semantic meaning of the texts of works of art. By means of a comparative method, the paintings of Chinese and Meissen porcelain objects are compared, on the basis of the iconological method, the meaning of the porcelain works in the context of the culture that gave rise to them is determined. Thanks to the semiotic-hermeneutic method, the works of Chinese and European porcelain of the XVIII century were studied as texts, elements of the artistic languages of the East and West were established and characterized. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that it reconstructs the process of translation and the mechanisms of loss of symbolic meaning of decoration in Meissen chinoiserie porcelain products in the context of reception and interpretation of the artistic language of Chinese porcelain by Meissen masters of the XVIII century on the example of plant plots. A special contribution of the author to the consideration of the topic is the consideration of the painting of porcelain art objects as texts, the analysis of which is used to study the artistic language of Chinese and European art of the XVIII centuries, as well as the peculiarities of the communication process between them. The main conclusions of the study are the following: original works of Chinese porcelain containing plant images are distinguished by the depth and richness of Chinese cultural connotations. The Meissen masters, copying Chinese products, did not so much expound the original cultural meanings embedded by Chinese masters, as they interpreted Chinese images in the context and from the standpoint of European culture, endowing them with local content, connotations and symbols.

Comparison of Judgment Document Information Between China and Russia Based on Corpus

The study of legal comparisons has become particularly important as the number of foreign-related legal disputes has increased dramatically with the growing number of cross-border trade. This study discovers the differences and similarities between Chinese and Russian judgment documents and provides a linguistic basis for the academic theoretical researches and the call for linguists to enter the courtrooms by establishing a corpus of Chinese and Russian judgement documents, quantifying and analysing the Chinese and Russian judgement documents based on the Legal Discourse Information Theory. It can be found that the macro-structure of civil ruling documents is clearer but does not provide more micro-information. By adding language elements, it can be seen that there are more information points and information components in Russian criminal judgment documents. The information points in Chinese civil judgment documents are more concentrated than in Russian civil judgment documents, while they are more similar in terms of the proportion and type of information components.

Discourse-related expletives: Challenges and opportunities

Abstract Recent research has highlighted the existence of expletive(-like) elements in various languages that are related to discourse, serving as fillers for designated topic/focus positions and/or contributing specific discourse–pragmatic effects. Such elements pose a number of challenges and opportunities, both for our overall conception of expletives and for our understanding of the syntax–discourse interface, although work in this area to date has mainly focused on the phenomenon in individual varieties. In this study, we critically survey the current state-of-the art on this topic and discuss four main areas where we see particular challenges and opportunities for research: (i) categories and definitions, (ii) typological correlations, (iii) theoretical modelling and (iv) language change. Overall, this article brings together a broad array of empirical findings and theoretical approaches on the phenomenon of discourse-related expletives and highlights the many avenues for future work in this area.

The Designing of Teaching Materials by Using Mnemonic Music Techniques to Strengthen Vocabularies Memorizing

This paper discusses about learning vocabulary. The vocabulary is an important element of the Arabic language that must be mastered by all students of the Arabic language. But sometimes students feel bored due to difficulty of vocabulary memorization. This problem requires innovation by vocabulary teachers to solve this problem. The researcher found that students in Darul Lughah wal Qur’an College had difficulty memorizing vocabulary, which led the researcher to integrate mnemonic music techniques into vocabulary learning to facilitate the students' memorization of vocabulary. The Mnemonic music came to help them in memorizing the vocabulary easily and with strong memory. The aims of this research are first, to understand how to design teaching materials by using mnemonic music to strengthen vocabularies memorizing, second, to understand the specifications of the teaching materials that developed, and to determine the effectiveness of teaching materials that developed. This research use qualitative and quantitative approach. The method of this research is research and development. The researcher use interview technique, observation technique, questionnaire technique, and test technique to collect the data. The result of this research is that this research is carried out using the ADDIE model according to Dick and Carrey, its mean analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The specifications of the the teaching materials in this research is that they are developed by using mnemonic music technique which is consists of cover, aims of learning, chapters, new vocabularies, and many exercises of vocabularies. This material consist of 24 chapters which is developed by using mnemonic music technique. The result of the product experiment is 10,4>2,80>2,08: t. >ts0,01>0,05 indicates that these developed teaching materials are effective in strengthening vocabulary memorization.

Code-switching in South Asian English CMC

Abstract This paper analyses the use of indigenous language elements including code-switching in two contrasting genres, i.e. group chats and Twitter memes along with tweets, in the English communication of South Asian (Bangladeshi, Indian, Pakistani, and Sri Lankan) internet users. The results from group chats show that one of the most common lexical indigenous elements are tags, for example, address forms like yaar, machan, and da which all can be translated to English as ‘dude’ or ‘buddy’. The analysis of Twitter memes along with tweets shows that despite the tweet text being in English, the South Asian users tend to employ memes with indigenous text more often as compared to English memes for political satire. Overall, the study finds that code-switching and indigenous resources are used to create a sense of localness in English communication, whether it is group chats or Twitter memes and tweets.

Spiritual Healing: Ragam Bahasa Balian Sebagai Salah Satu Pelestarian Tradisi Lokal di Bali

This research aims to identify the language varieties of Balian and the factors that influence these language varieties. This research is descriptive qualitative with a linguistic and pragmatic theory approach used by Balian. Data collection was done by in-depth interviews with Balians in the hotel. The collected data were then transcribed and thematically coded to identify patterns in language use, such as the use of language, the use of metaphorical language styles, and the sentence structure used. The results found that the balian language variety when communicating with clients is the use of affirmative language, the use of spiritual metaphor style, and the use of imperative sentence structure to direct the client's experience and emotional response during the healing process. Meanwhile, the factors that influence balian language varieties are cultural, spiritual, social, economic, and personal factors. An understanding of these factors helps explain how balians navigate between local traditions and the needs of their clients, as well as how they integrate different elements of language to create effective and meaningful healing experiences. Future studies go more in-depth into analyzing balian language use when viewed pragmatically and therapeutically.