Elements Of Intangible Cultural Heritage Research Articles

ISIS's impact on Syrian intangible cultural heritage: Marriage customs and rituals in the region of Manbij

ABSTRACT During its occupation of the Manbij region, ISIS targeted intangible cultural heritage, including marriage rituals. Through online semi-structured interviews with 12 participants, selected to represent the population of the region, this article explores the impact of ISIS’ rule on local marriage rituals and reveals the true motivations behind its targeting of intangible heritage, including small intangible practices. The study highlights the importance of marriage rituals, as they provide an opportunity for gathering, joy and connection between families, and an opportunity to express their cultural diversity. It shows the specific cultural impacts of conflict which left a significant lasting impact on the customs and rituals of marriage in the region. The study reveals that ISIS targeted intangible cultural heritage elements, including marriage rituals: it cancelled some completely, such as the henna night and wedding party, under the pretext that elements of the ritual had been haram (forbidden in Islam). However, we argue that the religious motivations were just a cover for a comprehensive strategy aimed at eliminating the culture and identity of communities, controlling them, and imposing a new culture and identity.

Somut Olmayan Kültürel Miras Unsurlarından Türk Lokumu ve Afyon Kaymağının Afyonkarahisar İçin Önemi

With its rich flavors and traditional practices, Turkish cuisine is integral to our Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH). Our rich culinary culture, developed over centuries, has been passed down from generation to generation through regional flavors, different cooking techniques, and shared table manners. Turkish culinary culture represents a social experience along with the use of rich and diverse ingredients. This research aims to thoroughly examine Turkish delight and Afyon cream, which are ICH elements in Afyonkarahisar province, and to determine the sustainability and significance of traditional food and beverage production and social practices derived from these cultural elements in Turkish culinary culture. The study sample was selected as the gastronomy elements of Afyonkarahisar province. Secondary data sources and document archive scanning techniques were used in the research, and Tableau and Power BI programs were used for data visualization. In addition to the research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 5 traditional Turkish delight and Afyon cream producers. According to the results of the study, it was found that there are a total of 56 elements of Turkish culinary culture/traditional food and beverage production and social practices in Turkish and 3 of these elements are found in Afyonkarahisar. By comparing the registered ICH elements in different provinces, it was found that the quantitative difference between Afyonkarahisar and other provinces is relatively small, but it still needs to be improved despite being a gastronomy city, and the average number of elements in Turkey is three. As a result of the interviews conducted with the producers of Turkish delight and Afyon cream, it was found that sustainability and the transfer of production stages to future generations are essential priorities. At the same time, it was concluded that Afyonkarahisar, one of the gastronomy cities, needs more ICH elements related to Turkish culinary culture. Suggestions were made to diversify and develop Afyonkarahisar's ICH elements related to Turkish culinary culture. These suggestions include encouraging more traditional food and beverage producers, creating training and support programs for these producers, and emphasizing and increasing promotional activities for Afyonkarahisar's gastronomy potential in the tourism sector.

Living heritage under threat: supporting, protecting and safeguarding traditional crafts (on the example of Kazakh pile carpet weaving)

According to UNESCO officials, the Urgent Safeguarding Register currently contains 76 elements of intangible cultural heritage whose viability is threatened. Some of them are elements related to traditional crafts. According to the author's field research and interviews with craftsmen from various regions of Kazakhstan, some types of traditional Kazakh crafts are in dire need of urgent protection. Among them are tufted and lint-free carpet weaving, bone carving, production of natural strings for musical instruments, some techniques of jewellery art and others. In this regard, this article analyzes the practice of supporting, protecting and defending traditional crafts in the global context, which will allow not only to get acquainted with modern trends in this field, but also to outline the main points of the traditional crafts protection strategy in Kazakhstan. This aspect is considered by the author through the prism of the Kazakh pile carpet weaving. There is no doubt that the viability of traditional crafts depends on a set of well-designed measures for their protection, including not only financial mechanisms but also the entire promotional infrastructure: from the use of marketing technologies to the development of educational manuals for the education system. The main concentration of the article is focused on the elements included in the List of ICH in need of urgent protection and analysis of practices of support, protection and conservation of traditional crafts in the global context. Geography of the countries that have initiated inclusion of their elements in this list is quite extensive and their experience in this direction seems promising for Kazakhstan. After all, crafts are associated with deeper layers of traditional culture: the worldview, representations, rituals, etc.

European And National Aspects Of Protection, Preservation аnd Promotion оf Intangible Cultural Heritage: Digital Collections іn the Web Information Environment

The purpose of the article is to characterize digital collections devoted to the preservation and popularization of intangible cultural heritage in European and Ukrainian web information environments. The research methodology consists in the application of general scientific and special methods, in particular the system approach, analysis, synthesis, logical method, method of visualization of research results. Methods of content analysis, comparative and analytical monitoring of Internet resources for the preservation of intangible cultural heritage were used to track the state of digital collections in the web information environment. The scientific novelty of the work consists in expanding ideas about the protection, preservation and popularization of intangible cultural heritage at the world and national levels in web information environments. An analysis of four European and two Ukrainian digital collections, representing intangible cultural heritage and hosted on the relevant web information environments, was carried out. Conclusions. At the current stage of our country's development, it is irreversible to join the European integration processes and strive for a worthy representation of Ukrainian culture in the world information space. The creation of a resource of the historical and cultural heritage of the Ukrainian people has become one of the activities of libraries, archives, museums and other institutions related to national memory, an integral part of the national bibliography, archeography and archival studies, museology of Ukraine in its broad sense as a resource of national documentary memory. The article examines four European and two Ukrainian digital collections dedicated to the preservation and popularization of intangible cultural heritage in the web information environment, which represent a sufficient number of intangible cultural heritage elements presented in multimedia resources. It was established that in the case of both marketing and communication policy, it is expedient to use social network platforms and mass media, which will have a positive effect on society's interest in the elements of intangible cultural heritage. Keywords: intangible cultural heritage, representation of Ukrainian culture, digital collections, web information environment, popularization of intangible cultural heritage.

Dismissed Mines: From the Past to the Future

Today, dismissed mines are considered significant local tangible and intangible cultural heritage elements and they are more and more often at the core of dedicated enhancement processes, being sometimes inscribed in the UNESCO list; included in geoparks; transformed worldwide into industrial museums; or reused. Italy has a peculiar approach to the topic even if it has been underestimated, and research in the field might be improved. Which models should be looked at? Is it possible to identify some basic criteria to look at to obtain positive results? If yes, where should one start? Our proposal is that the application to the newly born class underground built heritage (UBH) can provide instruments for their historical functional classification and introducing several criteria for their interpretation and reuse could eventually support future enhancement projects in this specific sector. This methodology has been already applied worldwide to this category of good, giving positive results and motivating the authors to continue the research following this hypothesis, with the aim of creating a framework of good practices to be used as a reference for new projects. This paper summarizes the authors’ research in this direction. After the introduction of the academic scenario and the UBH theoretical approach, this study proposes the results from applying this new methodology to several worldwide case studies from Greece, Germany, Italy, Japan, and Poland in order to evaluate best practices and/or unsuccessful stories. This study, based on data collected during onsite inspections by the authors within several international financed projects, consists of two steps. In the first, a general overview of all the aspects connected to the historical and contemporary reuses of dismissed mines under analysis was carried out, proposing a reclassification on the basis of the UBH methodology. The second section is dedicated to a new case study: Valle Imperina dismissed mines complex. This section includes an analysis of tangible and intangible values connected to the site and that of the state of the art of the corresponding enhancement. At the end, an evaluation of its potentialities and some critical issues was conducted.

SITNO KOLO KAO ŽIVI ELEMENT NEMATERIJALNOG KULTURNOG NASLEĐA NA PODRUČJU RAŠKE OBLASTI

In the wider area of Raška, the small round, which represents a living element of intangible cultural heritage, is still performed today. The mentioned dance belongs to the kinetic-formal type of round in three, the most widespread and ersistent pattern in the dance tradition of Serbia. The small round is practiced in formal and informal contexts, i.e. at various private and public celebrations (weddings, vows, baptisms, prelo, poselo, baptism dances, etc.). The musical accompaniment of the small round can be made by a clarinet and a drum, as well as pipes. The main goal of the work is to look at the specifics of the performance of this round, to determine its basic characteristics as elements of intangible cultural heritage, as well as the scientific interpretation of this form of appearance. In addition, one of the goals of the work is to present the performance style of the Raška region, i.e., to indicate the way of dance thinking on the example of the small round. For the purposes of this work, field and historiographical research was carried out in search of data on the small round. On that occasion, the literature and work of researchers of various profiles, ethnographers, as well as amateur researchers who carried out research in this area were consulted. The results show that the name sitno kolo (small round), as a dance that belongs to the kinetic-formal type of round in three, does not exist in the literature, but based on interviews with representative practitioners, it can be concluded that it is performed in the entire area of Raška, in Podgolia, Podkopaonic and villages at the foot of Rogozna mountain. The expert explanation of the kinesic and musical text describes in detail the factors that ensure the recognizable kinetic impulse of the small round. In addition, the factors and indicators that can influence the fact that the small round, which still lives in current practice as an important identity marker of the Raška region, are characterized as part of the intangible cultural heritage

НІШЕВИЙ ТУРИЗМ ЯК ШЛЯХ РОЗВИТКУ ПОВОЄННОЇ УКРАЇНИ

The article examines the current problems of the development of the national tourism market in the post-war period. It is determined that the future of tourism in Ukraine is associated with the development of niche tourism types, accordingly, the essence of this form of tourism, criteria for identifying niches, methods and ways of their formation are established, and problems encountered in the process of their organization are outlined. In post-war Ukraine, it is advisable to develop such types of niche tourism that correspond to European tourism development trends and take into account the post-war state of the country. European trends include promoting unknown tourist destinations; increasing attention to education and training of tourism professionals; cooperation with governments and the private sector for cultural exchange. Ukrainian realities include creating a concept of memorializing historic places, developing memory-related tourist itineraries associated with the struggle for independence; forming unique tourist destinations and tourism products in the regions. Post-war tourism development was actively discussed at the level of the State Tourism Development Agency, regional administrations, and local communities at the First National Tourism Summit. The result of the discussion is the formation of the Concept of Memorializing Historic Sites in the Kyiv region. Among the priority types of niche tourism, cultural, health and wellness, rehabilitation, inclusive, "dark" tourism and memory-related itineraries are highlighted. Cultural tourism increasingly uses elements of intangible cultural heritage to preserve authenticity and shape the region's image. Creative tourism is developing as a new paradigm of cultural tourism, increasing the role of new experiences that tourists gain from participating in various activities. Health tourism is at the peak of popularity due to the steady demand for physical and spiritual healing and rehabilitation. Local communities and entrepreneurs are involved in the development of inclusive tourism which corresponds to global trends and existing demand. Each region should already identify its macro and micro niches and develop marketing programs for their promotion with the involvement of the local community. To improve the quality of personnel training for the development of regional niche types of tourism, relevant educational disciplines should be included in educational programs on the various levels.

An Analysis of the Heritage and Development of Chaoshan Yingge Dance Based on the AIDEES Model

As one of the important elements of intangible cultural heritage in the Chaoshan region, Chaoshan Yingge dance need to be inherited and developed historically. This paper analyzes the existing resources, talents, and teams of Chaoshan Yingge dance through field investigation, combined with government policies and support contents, and provides relevant suggestions for the development of Chaoshan Yingge dance through the AIDEES model.

Research on the Integration of Intangible Elements and Cultural and Creative Product Design

In addition to aesthetics and knowledge, the pursuit of cultural and creative product design also needs to move towards popularity and dissemination, with the aim of making the design of cultural and creative products more in line with market development needs. Integrating intangible cultural heritage elements with cultural and creative product design, mainly with intangible cultural heritage as the core, integrates the concepts and characteristics of cultural and creative product design with intangible cultural heritage elements to enhance the connotation and aesthetics of cultural and creative products, while also promoting the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage culture. From this, integration analysis is carried out, and a path to achieve integration is found to improve the cultural, aesthetic, and social value of intangible cultural and creative products.

Retracted: Innovative Design of Intangible Cultural Heritage Elements in Fashion Design Based on Interactive Evolutionary Computation

Retracted: Innovative Design of Intangible Cultural Heritage Elements in Fashion Design Based on Interactive Evolutionary Computation

High School Students’ Music Listening Habits and Attitudes towards Intangible Cultural Heritage Elements

In this study, it was aimed to reveal the relationship between high school students’ music listening habits and their attitudes towards intangible cultural heritage elements. The research sample consists of 353 students studying at Isparta Süleyman Demirel Science High School. Research data were collected with a structured questionnaire. In the first part of the structured questionnaire consisting of three parts, there are questions to determine gender and grade, in the second part there are questions to determine the music listening habits of the students, and in the last part there is the Intangible Cultural Heritage Attitude Scale, the validity and reliability study of which was conducted by Gürel and Çetin (2019). The analyses within the scope of construct validity of the measurement tool were made and evaluated to be appropriate. In addition, as a result of the reliability analysis applied to the entire scale, Cronbach’s Alpha result was calculated as .871. Independent samples t-test and one-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyse the data obtained from the research. According to the results of the analyses, when the music listening habits of high school students and their attitudes towards intangible cultural heritage elements were examined, it was determined that there was no significant relationship according to gender, grade level, music listening tool, frequency of allocating special time for music listening and Turkish lyrics of music. In addition, it was determined that there was a significant difference between the type of music students listened to and their attitudes towards intangible cultural heritage elements.

Creative Traditions and Cultural Projects: Re-thinking Heritage through Experience

The article investigates the potential of project activities and project culture in creating novel conditions for introducing and re-thinking the complex nature of heritage, its transmission, practice, and new applications. Today, preindustrial knowledge, skill, and practice are interpreted rather as heritage that carries the potential of “creative traditions.” In modern societies, they can be incorporated in different fields—from educational programs for kids and adolescents to the tendency to integrate them into creative projects and cultural and creative industries. A key role in this process is played by ethnologists and anthropologists as researchers and interpreters of cultural heritage, but also as “cultural workers.” The paper is based on the case study of a project in the textile field, where elements of intangible cultural heritage were used and re-thought in the context of new forms of culture (ArtLabs for experimenting and innovation in textile art, a storytelling event, a festival, creative interpretations, and sensory and emotional experiences). Here we present and analyze a project that used an integrated approach to cultural heritage, carried out in 2019 in the city of Plovdiv, with the participation of ethnologists, anthropologists, artists, and students.

Heritage-making: Written Texts in the Transmission of Traditional Knowledge of Natural Dyeing

Natural dyeing is an element of intangible cultural heritage which is gaining new relevance today. Heritage-making as a set of purposeful activities has become an object of interest for researchers relatively recently, and this study is reflective of that. The paper aims to focus on natural dyeing as a component of cultural heritage, its documentation process, and how written texts have influenced the living tradition of natural dyeing. One of the sources for the study was ethnographic material, which provides insight into the little researched tradition of natural dyeing. To understand how the tradition was described and explained, Latvian press publications on natural dyeing were evaluated by applying qualitative and quantitative research methods. In order to study the situation today, a survey was conducted in 2016 and 2017 among dyeing workshop participants in different parts of Latvia. The results of the study indicate that the use of written sources plays an important role in practicing natural dyeing. With various activities organized by professional and amateur ethnographers, artists, handicraft teachers, etc., as well as its coverage in the press, natural dyeing has preserved its relevance. Written texts have documented the activities in the field of natural dyeing and encouraged further development of the tradition. Moreover, various sources have been used to preserve and develop dyeing skills, through both direct observation/oral tradition and written/visual materials. In addition, one’s personal experience as a significant part of the construction of identity was relevant in the past and still is today.

The UNESCO Contribution to Safeguarding and Preserving Jordan’s Cultural Heritage

UNESCO seeks to build peace through international cooperation in education, sciences, and culture and contributes to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals defined in the 2030 Agenda. The present paper explores how UNESCO, the Jordanian government, and the local communities work together in the design and implementation of plans aimed at developing a knowledge-based economy, protecting Jordan’s natural environment and rich cultural heritage, promoting intercultural dialogue and cultural diversity, and in strengthening the institutionalization of culture for development. The present contribution is divided into two parts, the first covers the institutional/legislative framework; financial capacities of Jordanian institutions and describes the activities undertaken by UNESCO over the past years for the preservation of Jordan’s tangible heritage. The section shows UNESCO’s approach towards the conservation of sites from a more resilience-based perspective in an attempt to realize employment opportunities in the heritage sector and heritage as a vehicle for socio-economic resilience and sustainability. The second part of the present paper covers the collaborative efforts by UNESCO and the Jordanian Government in safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) in the context of the UNESCO 2003 Convention for Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage, including the inscription of ICH elements into the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, the establishment of certain Jordanian institutions related to ICH safeguarding, and UNESCO’s support for Safeguarding ICH in Jordan on the national and international levels. This includes capacity building, raising awareness on the importance of ICH, managing and supporting projects for drawing community-based inventories of ICH elements in Jordan, and integrating ICH into the Jordanian educational arena. Some recommendations towards safeguarding ICH in Jordan on both the governmental and societal levels are given, e.g., involving museums, enhancing media and information channels, developing educational plans, investmenting in ICH in the sustainable tourism sector, and modifying existing legislation and constitutional provisions to protect ICH and its bearers.

The Effect of Media on the Awareness of Secondary School Students on the Art of Paper Marbling Which is One of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Elements

Kültür, insan topluluklarının yaşadıkları dünyada uzun zaman diliminde doğruluğunu veya
 yanlışlığını denetleyerek karar verdikleri, ortak bilinçle kabullendikleri ve benimseyerek nesilden
 nesle aktardıkları değerler bütünüdür. Kültürel belleğin önemli bir bölümünü oluşturan somut
 olmayan kültürel miras unsurlarını koruma amacıyla hazırlanan ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin 2006’da
 taraf olduğu UNESCO Somut Olmayan Kültürel Mirasın Korunması Sözleşmesi, SOKÜM unsurlarını
 yaşatarak koruma prensibine dayanmaktadır. 2014’te UNESCO İnsanlığın Somut Olmayan Kültürel
 Mirası Temsili Listesi’ne Türk kâğıt süsleme sanatı olarak kaydedilmiş olan ebru sanatı, kadim
 zamanlardan bugüne Türklerin yaşayan kültürel miras unsurlarından biridir. Bu araştırmada ebru
 sanatının kültürel miras olarak aktarılarak yaşatılmasında medyanın etkisi olduğu varsayımı, ortaokul
 düzeyinde belirlenen örneklem üzerinde denetlenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, ebru sanatının ortaokul
 öğrencilerindeki farkındalık durumunda medyanın etkisini tespit etmektir. Araştırmada öncelikle
 detaylı bir literatür taraması yapılarak elde edilen kaynaklar nitel bir yöntem olan doküman analizi
 ile incelenmiştir. Nicel araştırma yönteminden de yararlanılan çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak
 on beş sorudan oluşan anket formu kullanılmıştır. Veriler; Excel, Google Form, Jamovi program
 ve uygulamalarıyla “oranlama”, “yüzde”, “aritmetik ortalama”, “betimsel analiz” teknikleriyle
 incelenmiş; öğrencilerin sınıf düzeyleri, cinsiyet oranlarına göre karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz
 edilmiştir. Araştırma sonunda somut olmayan kültürel mirasın korunması ve aktarılmasında okullar
 önemini muhafaza etmekle birlikte medyanın -özellikle video paylaşım platformları ve sosyal medyakültür aktarımı açısından önemli yer edindiği tespit edilmiştir.

Creation of Melodic and Rhythmic Patterns Based on Cultural Heritage

Globalization is an explicit threat to intangible cultural heritage. Preservation of the traditional dance and music of a variety of cultures and ethnic groups is a subject of many studies and projects of scholars in different disciplines. In the current project, we focus on the same theme by applying a combination of new technology and creative ideas. Our compound method applies choreographic computer game technologies to the elements of intangible cultural heritage, informed by a careful consideration of intrinsic elements of the culture. Using a tool that transforms body movement to musical sound, spatial dance data can create melodic and rhythmic patterns based on structural elements of Azeri music such as 6/8 meter and two-core phrases. The data was sonified by a combination of rotation data across 360 degrees with pitches and cutoff sounds. Each pitch was assigned a region of a circular protractor according to the range and density of the data captured, and the rotation degree of three body parts was mapped into the nearest pitch. The patterns are generated in real time, and the composed music is audible when the game is run. They have a motivic structure and a set of rules that are applied to compose varied but cohesive music, informed by traditional musical stylistic features. The gamified prototype assists the heritage transmission to descendants via a 3D game environment that challenges the players for good performance, appraises their results, and motivates them in learning a folk dance. It also facilitates the players’ familiarization with the cultural forms by generating patterns in rhythmic coordination with the performance. This approach can be applicable to other cultures using their dance data and cultural elements. It also has the potential to be adapted for various apparatuses for game-based learning and knowledge transmission regarding intangible cultural heritage.

Organization of mutual assistance by rural (land) community in Ukrainian soviet village under customary law (1922–1930)

The purpose of the study. To explore the traditions of peasant mutual assistance of land, self-governing, social institution — rural (land) community.
 The methodology. The methodological basis of the study are the principles of historicism, objectivity, systematicity of scientific analysis and synthesis. The objectivity in the study is evident in identifying potential opportunities for the development of the agricultural sector of the economy. The principle of historicism provides a look at the activities of the rural (land) community as a process that developed in time in the set of historical relationships and interdependences. The study used general science and special historical methods that correspond to historical analysis. Analysis of historiography has conditioned the use of analysis, synthesis, generalization, classification. Methods of analysis, typology, classification, systematization were used in the study of protocols of the general meeting of land communities.
 The results. Rural (land) community is a naturally created or historically developed local neighborhood socio-economic, political, ideological, household association of peasants and their yards; it is a social organization of peasant yards, which combines a system of neighborly and family ties, relations, traditions. Citizens are exercising their will in the east. In the east of the community, all issues of internal life are resolved, including issues of mutual assistance, under customary law.
 The scientific novelty. Continuation of the series of articles on the use of customary law by the rural (land) community — an element of intangible cultural heritage of Ukraine.
 The practical significance. Rural (land) community, as an element of intangible cultural heritage, can become an object of museumification.

Changes in Intangible Cultural Heritage in Slovakia: The Case the Fujara

This study examines changes in the expanding environment and functions of the instrument known as the fujara, the first element of intangible cultural heritage added to the Representative List of Slovak Intangible Cultural Heritage. The text looks at Slovak legislation on safeguarding intangible cultural heritage as well as at terminology, which, from the point of view of national protection of cultural heritage and research, in being increasingly unified. The change in the natural environment has also changed the functions of playing the fujara and passing on the fujara tradition. From the point of view of changes in the distribution of culture from the rural to urban environment, the authors paid attention to new ways of learning to play the fujara as well as the ratio of vertical, horizontal, and indirect modes of transmission.

Holiday as an element of intangible cultural heritage and the unity of the people

Holiday as an element of intangible cultural heritage and the unity of the people

Tamburitza practice as an intangible cultural heritage

In the paper, through the example of the tamburitza orchestra tradition in Serbia, the elements that place musical practice in the concept of intangible cultural heritage are defined. The results of the research conducted during the application process of the tamburitza practice in the National Register of Intangible Cultural Heritage of the Republic of Serbia are presented. The research provided answers to the questions of which communities consider the tamburitza practice as their intangible cultural heritage and part of their identity. The paper contains an analysis of collected field and archival data and a theoretical approach to the element on the basis of which the other factors and characteristics that make it an intangible cultural heritage were determined. The final part of the paper contains a brief overview of the concept of planning and implementation of measures to protect the element of intangible cultural heritage in the example of the tamburitza playing.