Humoral Elements Research Articles

INKONGRUENCIJA KAO JEDNO OD SREDSTAVA TUMAČENjA HUMORA U MUZICI

The study of humor elements in the art of music is closely connected with the approaches of theorists who have been focused on meaning in music. Therefore, music has aroused great attention also among philosophers and aestheticians in the research of emotional properties of art in general, since it uses specific means of expression that are not always determined by a clear system of „decoding”. Thus, humorous moments in music are set through their determination in different theoretical-analytical approaches. These approaches are based on two basic premises: humor is manifested through possible specific properties of music itself and, on the other hand, humor arises exclusively in the domain of perception and cognition of the listener/analyst. The results of many studies present that the appearance of humor in music refers to a phenom- enon that occurs by evoking a certain emotion (since music cannot convey the emotion). Those emotions result in humor when something unexpected happens in the musical flow. Humor, there- fore, arises at the moment of discrepancy/incongruence, i.e. at the moment of betrayed expected result/event. Therefore, any sudden change creates an emotional state that, depending on the intensity, can be characterized as humor. However, in order to be interpreted as humor, context is needed, because again, music itself does not represent a higher system of communication levels, and music always, combined with language, creates an appropriate context interpreted within. The aim of this paper is to present the basics of „reading” humor and humorous moments in a musical text, i.e. to set the basic methodology that could contribute to an easier and more detailed approach of meaning in music.

Establishing legitimacy through the media and combating fake news on COVID-19: a case study of Taiwan

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the Taiwanese government has been able to retain legitimacy through prompt action and the use of multimedia to inform the public of prevention measures, quarantine rules, rationing of masks, and to build trust. First, the measures enacted by the Taiwanese government and its use of the media to address the impact of the pandemic were evaluated. Second, the study analyzed the communication strategies of the Taiwanese government to advise the public. The study also examined how an element of humor was also used to strengthen trust in the government and appeal to the citizens’ solidarity and responsibility in the information campaign against misinformation regarding COVID-19. Subsequently, fake news, misinformation, and disinformation regarding COVID-19 in Taiwan were examined in terms of source, themes, evidence, and format. Much of the disinformation was traced to Chinese propaganda. The study analyzed the role of fact-checking organizations, which played a crucial role in building trust and establishing social consensus between scientists and the general public.

A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ON THE USE OF HUMOR IN TURKISH TEACHING IN SECONDARY SCHOOL

This research aims to determine the use of humor in Turkish classes in secondary schools. To this end, firstly, the humorous elements in the Turkish textbooks were examined, and then Turkish teachers’ views on these elements and their views and classroom practices regarding the use of humor in their classes were determined. The study was designed according to the case study method, one of the qualitative research methods. The humorous elements in the Turkish textbooks were collected through the document review method, and the views and classroom practices of the Turkish teachers regarding the use of humor were collected through a semi-structured interview form. In this context, interviews were made with 15 Turkish teachers working in public schools. The content analysis method was used to analyze the obtained data. According to the findings, most of the interviewed teachers included humorous elements in their classes through various classroom practices. In addition, it was determined that teachers consider humorous elements important because such elements increase students’ motivation and make classes more interesting. Finally, it was concluded that Turkish textbooks do not contain enough humorous elements.

Byzantijnse geleerden over Aristophanes

AbstractThis article studies the reception of the comedies of the Athenian playwright Aristophanes in 12th-century Byzantium. It takes as its starting point various scholarly and didactic texts that facilitated this reception. These texts were written by Gregory of Corinth, John Tzetzes and Eustathius of Thessaloniki, who all used Aristophanes, and ancient literature more generally, in their teaching and scholarly practice. This article explores (1) what moral functions Byzantine scholars ascribe to ancient drama; (2) how they instruct Byzantine writers to weave elements of humour and ridicule into their own work by either imitating Aristophanes’ techniques or quoting his verses; (3) how they use the Athenian playwright as a model for correct atticizing language; (4) and how Tzetzes engages on a personal level with Aristophanes as a historical figure and with the comedies he wrote. This examination of the reception of Aristophanes in the work of Gregory, Tzetzes and Eustathius thus demonstrates the versatility of the Byzantine reception of ancient comedy.

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL POTENTIAL OF HUMOUR AS A MEANS OF TEACHING AND NURTURING PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS

The relevance of the article is stipulated to the active search for qualitatively new ways to improve the efficiency of the educational process in primary school. One of them is humour as a special property of human nature. The use of elements of humour in the organization of the educational process in primary school, methods and techniques based on wit, has significant psychological and pedagogical potential and is a significant reserve for improving the effectiveness of learning, education and personality development of primary school. The application of forms of humour with pupils of primary school in work contributes to the development of personal qualities of pupils, the formation of their critical thinking, the ability to make decisions independently and creatively approach any business. The purpose of the article is to determine the psychological and pedagogical potential of humour as a means of teaching and nurturing pupils of primary school.
 Various approaches to the interpretation of the essence of the concept of “humour” are analyzed in the article; the complexity of the nature of humour is grounded, which is stipulated to synthetic combinations of communicative, emotional and intellectual spheres, personal traits of a child, socio-cultural conditions of its formation. The problem of application of elements of humour during the organization of educational process in establishments of general secondary education in the context of scientific developments of known scientists (Ya. A. Komensky, A. Makarenko, V. Sukhomlinsky, Sh. Amonashvili, O. Savchenko) is investigated. The psychological and pedagogical potential of humour as a means of teaching and nurturing pupils of primary school, which provides a set of all available tools, opportunities for humor that can be used in teaching and educational process in general, and identified a set of psychological and pedagogical conditions to increase its productivity: creating an atmosphere of cooperation and trust through the skillful use of humorous methods and techniques; adequacy of humor to the peculiarities of the development of the emotional sphere of junior pupils; organic use of humor in the content of educational material. The role of the influence of humor elements on the emotional sphere of junior pupils during the organization of the educational process in primary school is substantiated. The relationship of value emotional states (interest, joy, surprise) with the mental processes of the individual (memory, will, thinking) during the use of elements of humour in primary school lessons is analyzed. The forms of humour in the life of pupils of primary school, the peculiarities of their formation and development in accordance with the age category are reflected.

Faktor Representasi Seni Bondres Persfektif Etika Hindu

Art is one of the elements of culture that is well known in Balinese life. One of the arts in Balinese society is bondres art. Bondres art is a folk entertainment art that is thick with elements of humor but is also inseparable from ethical values. However, with its development, bondres art continues to develop by giving birth to representations that are basically influenced by several factors. The purpose of this study is to explain the factors that influence the representation of Bondres art in the city of Singaraja. The research method uses qualitative data types with a theoretical approach to social practice. Data was collected by several data collection methods then analyzed and presented with qualitative descriptive. The results of this study are several factors that influence the representation of Bondres art including; 1) Creativity factor, namely the ability of artists to create bondres art forms, 2) Education and knowledge factors, namely capital in the form of the abilities possessed by artists in creating bondres art, 3) Community social factors, namely the influence of the community that supports artists in creating bondres art, 4 ) Globalization factor, namely the influence of globalization which includes technology, modernization of artists to form representations. All of these are factors that influence the representation of Bondres art in the city of Singaraja.

Analisis Metode Pembelajaran Ceramah Masa Pandemi Covid-19

The lecture method is one of the methods that are often used by teachers in teaching and learning activities. This method is a method that is easy to implement and also cheap, because without the media and infrastructure it can be done. Some people underestimate this method and some even argue that it is outdated and left behind. According to the author's observations, this method remains relevant in any situation and condition, especially if a teacher is someone who is proficient in communicating and understanding the psychological condition and level of ability of the students he or she faces. The point is khootibunnaasa 'alaa qodri uqulihim (speak to humans according to their level of knowledge). The writing of this article uses the library research method, namely by digging and reviewing the literature that is related to the theme of writing this article. The results of the study and the author's study related to this lecture learning method are still very relevant and effective, especially during this covid-19 pandemic. By taking into account the following points; first, a teacher understands the science of communication well, second, understands the psychological condition of the audience/students, third, is able to touch students' emotions, fourth, includes elements of humor and is good at telling stories, fifth, is able to use social media and technology well.

Space groups and crystallographic symmetry: writing a multi-featured tutorial in a new style.

Knowledge of space groups and the implications of space group symmetry on the physical and chemical properties of solids are pivotal factors in all areas of crystalline solids. As Jerry Jasinski and I met to bring our ideas in teaching this subject to life, we both felt that 'early and often' - teaching the concepts with textual and visual reinforcement, is the key to providing a sound basis for students in this subject. The tutorial contains > 200 PowerPoint 'slides', in five modules, arranged by crystal class; a sixth module covers special topics. A 'credits' module gives the direct addresses of all embedded links. Space-group diagrams appear in Inter-national Tables format. The triclinic and monoclinic groups (2+13) are built from 'scratch', and are derived from the Hermann-Mauguin symbol. An additional section provides practice on many (but not all) of the ortho-rhom-bic groups in crystal class 222. Finally, a 'Special Topics' section on enanti-omorphous space groups features space groups P41 and P43. In the tutorial, lattice points build iteratively and inter-actively via keyclick, and the coordinates of points 'pop up' as the unit cell is filled. We trust that the elements of guidance, inquiry and occasional humor will make the learning process enjoyable.

The humour of Brazilian northeastern’s anthroponomy

This article aims to analyze the functioning of Northeastern names as elements of humor in virtual texts. The corpus of analysis consists of two posts of northeastern humor profiles on social network Instagram: Suricate Seboso (greasy suricate) and Bode Gaiato (mocking goat). The analytical process considers Discourse Analysis theoretical premises and considers concepts such as discursive memory, as in Courtine (1999, 2014), Robin (2016) and Paveau (2005) and discursive ethos, as in Maingueneau (2008a, 2018, 2020). Since these notions are directly linked to anthroponomic onomastics regarding historical and social facts related to language, I also consider the work by Leite de Vasconcelos (1928) as organized in Carvalhinhos (2007). The conclusions point to a functioning of the Northeastern names in this type of discourse as elements of humor linked to different memories, which present a shift in the naming processes, for example by updating patronymics.

Symbols of Heroes in the Indonesian and Chinese Movies

The research aimed to compare a movie with the theme of heroes from Indonesia and China that must contain messages in seeing heroes, hero images, ideology, and even heroic culture the two countries. It explored 20 Indonesian and Chinese films with comparative literary perspectives related to the theme of heroism. The focuses of this research were (1) how could the image of the hero created by the film provide a view of each country’s people’s culture, (2) could the movies provided more detailed information on the policies of each country, (3) how could films strengthen the relationship between Indonesia and China. The approach used in this research was the comparative literary theory of the symbol of heroism that appears in Chinese and Indonesian films. The method used in this research was to use qualitative methods with a comparative literature perspective. The data source from the dialogue in the film “Merah Putih”, “Gie”, “Susi Susanti”, “Soekarno”, “Tanah Surga Katanya”, “3 Srikandi”, “Laskar Pemimpi”, “Guru Bangsa”, “Soegija”, “Jenderal Soedirman”, 攀登者 (The Climbers), 中国机长 (The Captain), 红海行动 (Operation Red Sea), 烈火英雄 (The Bravest),战狼 1 (Wolf Warrior 1), 战狼 2 (Wolf Warrior 2), 建国大业 (The Founding of A Republic), 建党大业 (Beginning of The Great Revival), 建军大业 (The Founding of An Army), 叶问 (IP Man). The data analysis technique used were (1) determining variables, (2) classification, (3) analysis, (4) conclusions. The results show that the symbols of heroism in Indonesian and Chinese films have similarities to the fight against colonialism, injustice, and class. The theme of heroism in the two countries’ films has striking differences, such as Chinese films are more concerned with collective characters’ obligations and interests, the film does not have an element of humor, the theme emphasizes conflicts with other countries. While Indonesia highlights individual characters’ views, movies still include comedy and emphasize domestic problems.

The role of humorous elements in Cádizchirigotasin creating/reinforcing a local identity

AbstractThis paper adopts a relevance-theoretic perspective to analyse howchirigotas – one of the types of bands in Cádiz carnival – exploit a series of verbal and visual comic elements in order to create or reinforce local identity: (i) the names of the bands, (ii) their attire, (iii) gestures and (iv) the lyrics of their comical songs, which satirise, mock, criticise, ridicule, praise, flatter or censure events or states of affairs. These elements will be argued to make manifest assumptions, activate (private) mental frames or express attitudes about those events or states of affairs, which the audience discover are already manifest to, and shared by, its members. Checking that other people entertain similar assumptions about and/or have similar attitudes towards those events or states of affairs – i.e. the ‘joy of manifestness’ – will be shown to be essential for generating a feeling of in-group membership on which that of a local identity greatly depends.

The educational power of humor on student engagement in online learning environments

The primary goal of the study is to investigate the effect of the usage of humor on behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement in online learning. Humorous elements were integrated into the online learning components. The mixed-method study was conducted over 14 weeks with the participation of 74 university students in an online university course. As a result, elements of humor can be integrated into materials for attention grabbing, recalling, feedback, and humor breaks. A diversity of humorous elements created a significant difference and improved behavioral engagement for course materials, discussions, and assignments. However, humorous elements did not contribute to the behavioral engagement for quizzes. It was additionally observed for emotional engagement that the use of humor created a significant difference and improved emotional engagement. As for cognitive engagement, a positive influence of the usage of humorous elements in course materials, discussions and assignments was observed.

Subtitling Humor in The Series “The Big Bang Theory”

Humor is an element which is frequently used in audiovisual texts. Considering the technical constraints of audiovisual translation types such as subtitling and dubbing along with the linguistic factors and many more variables on screen, the translation process of audiovisual humor could be fairly challenging for the translator. The goal of this present study is to discuss the translation process with a focus on the translation of audiovisual humor. In an attempt to observe the theoretical and methodological approach toward the translation of humor in audiovisual texts in a practical study, the humorous elements in 23 episodes in the 3rd season of the famous American comedy series “The Big Bang Theory” were identified and the translation process of subtitling those into Turkish was examined. When the humorous examples in the series were studied in terms of humor theories, it was clearly seen that its humor is mostly produced through superiority and incongruity theories. In addition, it was observed that humor in the series was largely dependent on linguistic elements. It was deduced that a target-oriented approach had been adopted in the translation of humor elements and on that account, mainly the substitution strategy had been applied in subtitling humor from English into Turkish. Overall, in this study, it was concluded that the humorous examples in the source text had been successfully translated into the target text and an attempt had been made to preserve the humor effect from the source culture in the target culture.

Incremental validity of the dual self-directed humor scale in predicting psychological well-being: Beyond the big five personality traits and four humor styles

Previous studies have mostly focused on the negative elements of self-directed humor (SDH) in well-being and measured their individual differences. Tsukawaki and Imura Personality and Individual Differences, 157, (2020) developed the Dual Self-Directed Humor Scale (DSDHS), which is the first scale to measure individual differences in SDH across two dimensions, negative (Deleterious SDH) and positive (Benign SDH). Although the DSDHS has provided promising initial evidence of validity and reliability, its psychometric properties need further investigation. Our first objective was to investigate the relationship between the two dimensions of the DSDHS and the Big Five personality characteristics, and to establish construct validity. Our second objective was to verify the incremental validity of the DSDHS and in using the Big Five and four humor styles as comparison criteria, we tested whether the DSDHS could account for additional variance in well-being prediction, even when they were controlled for. The results show a discriminatory correlation between the two dimensions of the DSDHS and the Big Five, verifying the construct validity. Moreover, two dimensions of the DSDHS were found to explain further variations in well-being, even after controlling for the Big Five or four humor styles, showing incremental validity. Further evidence on validity of the DSDHS was provided.

The summer of Harambe: The curious case of a deceased gorilla and an animal rights campaign turned online prank

In May 2016, a child climbed into the gorilla enclosure at the Cincinnati Zoo in Ohio. The events that followed — namely the killing of a 17-year-old silverback gorilla named Harambe in order to protect the child — made national news. The story then took on a viral life of its own as a digital meme that turned the gorilla into a pop-culture craze. But Harambe’s position as an Internet phenomenon was a curious one. Despite exhibiting all the characteristics necessary for viral success and encouraging a polyvocal discourse, the Harambe Meme never became the enduring symbol of animal rights it was created to be. Instead, it was co-opted into a widely applicable element of digital humor. While it is difficult to determine what made Harambe the tool of choice for a months-long online joke, the meme’s success as a culture jam highlights the unpredictability of the Internet and underscores users’ ability to influence the fate of digital content.

СОПОСТАВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ РОССИЙСКИХ И АНГЛОЯЗЫЧНЫХ РЕКЛАМНЫХ ТЕКСТОВ

The purpose of the study is to reveal the essence of the advertising text in English-speaking countries and in Russia. The article focuses not only on the differences, but also on the similarities in the construction of slogans. The influence of parts of speech on motivation when buying a certain product or service is determined. The scientific novelty consists in the consideration of English-language and Russian-language advertising texts on the same basis, the identification of distortion of advertising slogans in the translation process. As a result of the study, the distinctive features of English-language and Russian-language media texts were identified. It is emphasized that, depending on the language in which the media text is presented, the method of presenting the material is modified. Based on the analysis, it was revealed that the English-speaking audience is more liberated, as a result, the advertising message is presented in a free and open form, often with elements of humor. The Russian-speaking audience prefers a more accurate advertising text, minimizing the use of slang.

Zastupljenost ilustracija u udžbenicima osnovne škole

A textbook is a basic and compulsory teaching aid, written on the basis of a prescribed curriculum. The accompanying materials in the textbook are certainly illustrations that, in addition to serving the basic text, can also have a significant effect on the student. The aim of this research was to examine the representation of illustrations in textbooks used from the first to the sixth grade of primary school. An analysis was performed of forty elementary school textbooks approved for use by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Srpska, with the basic unit of analysis being the illustration in the textbook. The obtained research findings show that in both the first and the second triad, illustrations without humorous elements are more represented, although the number of humorous illustrations is at an enviable level, illustrations directly related to the content of the text predominate, drawings in both triads are most represented, and the largest number of illustrations have an intellectual value. A comparative analysis of the illustrations in the first and second triads shows that the differences can be read in terms of the categories of representation of illustrations on the pages and the functions of facilitating the memory or comprehension of the text. The obtained results are encouraging because they confirm the success of the assumptions for effective learning in accordance with age characteristics certain illustration requirements have been met, and the study can provide useful information to textbook developers, teachers, parents, and illustrators, given that illustrations are a structural element of a textbook to which students should be referred. The results can also be useful for the shaping and deeper operationalization of art and graphic requirements in the textbook and can influence the improvement of textbook quality standards.

Translating irony. Translation strategies and techniques used by Polish translators of Pride and Prejudice

This article presents the results of a comparative analysis of two Polish translations of Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen. The authors of the translations are Anna Przedpełska-Trzeciakowska and Magdalena Gawlik-Małkowska. Attention is given to rendering irony, which is the novel’s characteristic feature. The analysed excerpts illustrate the main translation strategies and techniques used in the Polish translations. A comparative analysis shows that techniques applicable to rendering humour and culture-bound elements can be used to translate irony as well. The Polish translations convey irony, but there are differences caused by the translators’ interpretations and by their choice of s trategies and techniques. Przedpełska-Trzeciakowska often uses the strategy of foreignization, but she tries to guide the reader so that they can perceive the implicature. Gawlik-Małkowska’s translation is more literal and more modern, and its irony is more covert.

Tintin, du cinéma à la BD par Bob Garcia

Reviewed by: Tintin, du cinéma à la BD par Bob Garcia James P. Gilroy Garcia, Bob. Tintin, du cinéma à la BD. Desclée de Brouwer, 2019. ISBN 978-2-220-09615-5. Pp. 276. Tintin fans who share the author's passion for the Belgian cartoonist Hergé (Georges Remi) will be thrilled. Garcia explores the influence of films on Hergé's bandes dessinées. He points out that the latter were inspired at the beginning of his career by ciné-romans, comic-book retellings of silent movies with dialogue provided to accompany the images. In his own stories of the adventures of Tintin, Quick, and Flupke, Hergé revealed his admiration for the heroic antics of such silent movie figures as Buster Keaton, Laurel and Hardy, Harold Lloyd, and Charlie Chaplin. The characters they played represented the well-intentioned hero who is pursued and persecuted by villains but who manages to prevail in the end. These triumphs often entail a near superhuman and, at the same time, comic athleticism. Hergé borrowed several of their most amazing stunts, as his own heroes and their companions extricate themselves from the clutches of their evil pursuers. After the creation of talking pictures, he also emulated the verbal and physical agility of the Marx Brothers. Another source of inspiration for Hergé was the cinematic detective story, both silent and speaking. He was especially impressed by the crime-solving talents of Sherlock Holmes in his several incarnations by different actors. Holmes's example of dealing with crime and criminals by intellectual analysis was a model for Hergé's perennial hero. Tintin's official career is that of an investigative journalist seeking the truth about the nefarious activities of malefactors who threaten the liberty and well-being of humanity. Garcia also discusses Hergé's admiration for the films of Alfred Hitchcock and the parallels in their techniques. Both creators emphasized the clarity of a linear story line and sought to get the spectator or reader personally involved. Both explored the irrational side of human nature as displayed in dreams and insanity. Both studied the line separating good and evil. They also introduced an element of humor to relieve tension. In addition to the genres mentioned, Hergé got ideas from cowboy movies, love stories with Rudolph Valentino and Mary Pickford, the Our Gang children's films, and horror movies like The Phantom of the Opera. Garcia points out that Hergé also adopted a number of cinematographic technical procedures, including ellipsis, plunging perspectives, [End Page 270] travelling camera shots, and flashbacks. Hergé was always a man of his time, and the adventures of his heroes mirrored contemporary events. For example, just as outer space travel was a subject of film from its earliest days with Georges Méliès into the contemporary period, so does Tintin engage in voyages to the moon. Garcia admits that some of the similarities he finds between Hergé's books and the movies discussed might be coincidental. Hergé himself made only occasional mentions of films that had an impact on him. More might also have been said about how historical events like World War II and accusations of collaboration made against Hergé led him to redefine his hero's persona and reorient Tintin's heroic pursuits. James P. Gilroy University of Denver (CO) Copyright © 2021 American Association of Teachers of French

Black America: Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Childish Gambino’s “This is America”

A song can manifest itself as a critical instrument in the vast socio-political atmosphere. Often times a song conceals its real meaning within layers of linguistic elements and through visual communication. Upon the release of Childish Gambino’s This is America (2018), the music video has been assumed widely assumed to contain semiotic elements that criticize the injustice politics of race in America. To dig deeper into this assertion, we use Machin’s Lyrics Analysis (2010) and Kress and van Leeuwen’s Visual Grammar approach (2006) to analyze the illustrated semiotic elements. Both frameworks are two Multimodal Discourse Analysis approaches that explore interdisciplinary analysis in the discourse-oriented research. This article finds that Gambino does question the practice of black discrimination through gun and police violence in present America by utilizing distant words and excessive gestures in his visual communication as a diversion. They are purposefully placed to gain a profound observation from the audience, and thus able to spark a conversation regarding the issue in a greater scale. Furthermore, it is found that This is America applies comical aspects in the visual elements as a layering device. Through humorous semiotic elements, Gambino is discovered to highlight the commodification of black art in his music video.