Elements Of Human Capital Research Articles

The Impact of Knowledge Assets in Motivating Employees and its Role in Business Performance

Abstract Human capital in corporate governance is composed of both individual knowledge, skills and capabilities, as well as the experience of employees and management staff. The translation of human capital, namely the knowledge, skills and degree of involvement of employees, into positive organizational results is an objective of performance management. This objective is based on the relations between management and subordinates regarding the establishment of future tasks, the ways of solving them, but also on the benefits granted following the materialization of the results. Starting from these aspects, the present work aims to analyze the link of intensity that is established between the creation of the knowledge asset and its effective use in solving the tasks. In this sense, we proceeded to identify those aspects related to the structural elements of human capital that refer to the knowledge asset, the accumulation of information and its transmission between employees, because a correct assessment of the level of employee involvement in increasing the general level of knowledge of the enterprise will have a positive and direct impact in the surplus of financial results.

Human capital impact on organizational performance of commercial banks operating in Yemen

This study investigates the relationship between human capital and improvements in organizational performance in Yemeni commercial banks operating in Sana’a. The individual human capital dimensions such as knowledge, experience, skills, innovation, and employees’ morale were taken as human capital variables. A quantitative methodology was used, and a Likert-scale questionnaire was distributed to collect the data. A combination of convenience and random sampling techniques was adopted to distribute the questionnaire to eight banks and 162 employees of these banks. A descriptive approach was used to analyze the data statistically. The results indicated that all the human capital factors had a varying level of practical effect on the organizational performance and all of these were statistically significant. Overall, 76.4% change in performance was observed if human capital elements were employed effectively. Each element such as knowledge, experience, skills, innovation, and employees’ morale had a varying level of positive impact on performance as observed. It is recommended to adopt and put in place knowledge and skills improvement systems in organization to achieve a sustained organizational growth. AcknowledgmentThis research publication was supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.

Relationship between Human Capital, Innovation Capability and Employee Job Performance in Academic Libraries in Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Abstract Human capital is considered crucial for the sustainability and success of libraries in this era of globalization. The presented study investigated the effect of human capital on innovation capability and employee job performance in academic libraries. Further, it also explored the effect of innovation capability on employee job performance in academic libraries This study implemented a survey research design. Structured questionnaires were employed to collect the data using the convenience sampling technique. The population of the study included 387 librarians and library assistants from academic libraries in the Southern Africa Region which incorporates three countries, namely Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.23. The results indicated that human capital had a significant and positive effect on innovation capability and employee job performance in academic libraries. Innovation capability also had a significant and positive effect on employee job performance. The major limitation of the study is that it focused only on three Southern African countries, namely Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. Additionally, the study only concentrated on academic libraries and excluded the other types of libraries such as public, school, and special libraries. The study illustrates essential implications to library managers on the significance of human capital and, therefore, recommends that library managers should place emphasis on the part which human capital plays and invest in the most viable elements of human capital, which can develop innovation capabilities and, in turn, play a substantial part in boosting employees’ job performance.

Mechanisms of innovative development of the Volga Federal District through elements of human capital

Mechanisms of innovative development of the Volga Federal District through elements of human capital

The analysis of human capital in the context of local economic development

Motivation: The study of local economies has become a significant part of the theoretical and practical approach to economic research. It is important to define variables used for modeling, so the aim of this paper is to identify human capital as the determinant of local economic development. While studies are often conducted on the basis of research material describing a given unit of territorial self-government, the methodology can be applied more broadly.
 Aim: The aim of the paper is to define the key elements of human capital, which can be used for modeling economic development in the local context. Local development is influenced by a number of factors, such as physical capital, human capital and natural resources, but in this paper we focus both on the analysis of the variables describing human capital both at the moment of examination and of those which will affect its quality in the future.
 Results: The research findings reveal that human capital in Ustka was subject to significant changes in the period under study and its quality is determined by the economic development of this commune. What is also important is the fact that the variables describing human capital indicate the improvement in the quality of this capital in this territorial unit. Further research into local development should thus take into consideration this significant aspect of economy.

Recognizing Entrepreneurial Opportunity on Women SMEs Entrepreneurs in Medan

Negative impact on women's capacity to establish and grow businesses in comparison to their male colleagues. According to the findings of this study, female-owned SMEs may have a distinct entrepreneurial orientation that enhances their company performance through network affiliation, which influences their business performance in some elements of social capital and human capital. The small, medium, and micro entrepreneurs in Medan are the focus of this study. Path analysis is a data analysis technique. The goal of this study is to investigate the influence of human capital and social capital on women entrepreneurs' perceptions of entrepreneurial opportunities in Medan as mediator of business performance.

Intellectual capital and sustainability reporting practices in Uganda

PurposeThe objective of the study is to investigate the association between intellectual capital (IC) and sustainability reporting practices in Uganda. The study further examines how individual IC elements (human, structural and relational capital) affect sustainability reporting practices.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs a questionnaire to collect data. Data are analyzed using multiple regression analysis.FindingsResults indicate that IC is significantly associated with sustainability reporting practices. The study also found that human capital and relational capital elements have a positive effect on sustainability reporting practices while structural capital element does not have a significant effect.Originality/valueThis study is one of the few studies that examine sustainability reporting by financial services firms in a country where the capital markets are still in their infancy and the major source of external financing are the banks. Its major contribution lies in its focus on how the key IC components explain variations in sustainability reporting practices among financial service firms in Uganda.

The influences of the "industry 4.0" development on the human capital of the industrial enterprise: foreign

The factors and the consequences of the "Industry 4.0" development for the human capital of the industrial enterprise were arranged in this paper. Taking into consideration the limitations of the current approaches the attention was concentrate on such human capital elements, as: education (knowledge and skills), creative abilities, motivation, health, flexibility. The particularity of this investigation is connected with the correlations between the influences of the "Industry 4.0" development on all human capital elements of the industrial enterprise, potential impacts on the educational system, the employment in industry and the labour market. The main factors of the influences of the "Industry 4.0" development on the human capital of the industrial enterprise are such as: cyber physical systems implementation in manufacturing and its automation; work places computerization; implementation and development of advanced smart-technologies and informational systems; agile adaptability to the needs of customers; uprising the new risks for the health of the employees. Furthermore, the enterprise has to know all the answers for the market demand and the ecological situation. The main characteristics of the human capital in the age of "Industry 4.0" are increasing the importance of the creative workers and their motivation; taking into account the individual peculiarities; providing the mobility and flexibility of the employees, the content of job, working hours, places of work. The preservation of health is considered as the key to the working capacity. The human capital development should be made taking into account the influences on physical and mental health of the employees. Such hazards for the human capital of the industrial enterprise were summarized: confidential data losing, forthcoming the new risks for the health of the employees, workers’ creative abilities decreasing, "burnout", inappropriate motivation, etc. The consequences of the "Industry 4.0" development are creating "Education 4.0", remote work and outsourcing development, changing of the employment structure, the content of job, standards of health and safety at work. The prospects for overriding the risks and the consequences of changes should be identified taking into account the particularities of the country technological development, the demographic determinants, the indicators of the labour market, as well as the particular characteristics of the industrial enterprises. It was identified such main global trends against the risks of the "Industry 4.0", as: the flexible labour market development, increasing the efficiency of health and safety at work, STEM and STEAM employees training, commitment to improve the soft skills of workers, taking into consideration the particularities of the economic sectors, the level of the innovation development of the country and its human capital, investments in staff training, etc.

The effect of servant leadership on organisational sustainability: the parallel mediation role of creativity and psychological resilience

PurposeThe main concern of this research is to examine the indirect effects servant leadership on organisational sustainability (OS) through creativity and psychological resilience in the hoteling sector in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approach A survey method based on a questionnaire was employed to gather data from 441 employees working in the hotel industry in Malaysia. The partial least squares technique, SmartPLS3.3.7, was employed to examine the hypotheses.Findings The result of the study found support for effect of servant leadership on creativity and psychological resilience. In addition, the effect of creativity and psychological resilience on OS was supported. Moreover, the mediation role of creativity and psychological resilience between servant leadership and organisational suitability was also supported by data.Originality/value This is a pioneering study that has combined human capital elements (i.e. servant leadership, creativity and psychological resilience) to examine their impacts on OS. Besides, this work has established comparatively new relationships, i.e. the impact of servant leadership on OS through the mediating role of creativity and psychological resilience. In addition, this study has developed relatively new link between psychological resilience and OS. In addition, it has confirmed the validity and reliability of servant leadership and OS at first and second orders.

IMPROVING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SME) OF TROSO WEAVING CRAFT IN JEPARA REGENCY USING CAPITAL INTELLECTUAL ANALYSIS

The aim of the research was to analyze the management of the SMEs of Troso Weaving Craft in Jepara Regency in relation to the human resources. In order that the SMEs can compete with today’s industry, the SMEs are required to be able to run their businesses professionally and to innovate, as well as to implement new breakthroughs. Therefore, the management of the SMEs needs to develop their intellectual ability and competitive advantage for their products. Intellectual capital is the intangible resource that can be used as the source of sustainable competitive advantage. The measurement of IC associated with competitive advantage was made against the elements of human capital, structural capital and costumer capital. Hence,this research discussed a model that relates the intellectual capital of the SMEs to the competitive advantage of the SMEs of Troso Weaving Craft in Jepara Regency. For the development of the model and hypothesis, the research used the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), by taking the samples of 157 SMEs of Troso Weaving Craft selected in simple random sampling. The analysis results show that human capital, structural capital, and customer capital have the effect on competitive advantage. It means that the improvement of the competitive advantage for Troso Weaving Craft requires trainings in the managements of production, distribution, marketing and finance for all individuals and employees of the SMEs.

HEALTH CARE AS A SYSTEM-CREATING ELEMENT OF HUMAN CAPITAL: STRATEGIES OF ITS DEVELOPMENT BY THE CASE OF UKRAINE

The main purpose of the paper is to analyze the process of the health care development as the system-creating factor of human capital. Methodology. This study combines economic and managerial analysis of healthcare and human capital. The background for this analysis is the data of the 2020 Human Capital Index in Ukraine and other developed and developing countries. The method of historical and logical analysis of the literature was used. The functional and structural analysis was used with purpose to research the main tools of human capital’s development. Methods of comparative and statistical analysis and their synthesis were used to study dynamics of human capital. Method of summarization was used to make conclusions and recommendations for improving human capital in developing countries. Works of scientists in the sphere of human capital were used as the informational basis for the conducted study. Findings. In the paper it was analyzed the Human Capital Index in Ukraine and its components from the period of 2010-2020. The problems of the development of Ukrainian healthcare sector as the system-creating element of human capital are viewed. Formation of a new model for organizing medical care based on the development of the four P’s model of medicine (predicting, prevention, personalization, participation) is considered as the main basis for developing effective healthcare sector in Ukraine. The authors of the article see the following key areas of necessary actions in Ukrainian healthcare sector: technological breakthrough, strengthening a healthy lifestyle, ensuring the availability of high-quality medical services, developing human resources, creating a system of effective drug provision, increasing the efficiency of financing. Practical implications. The results of this study form the methodological and practical basis for improvement of the state regulation system of Ukrainian healthcare as a system-creating element of human capital. The results of conducted research could be a framework for formation of effective healthcare system in Ukraine, ensuring its constant development. The main proposals could be used by the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine while working out the Concept of national healthcare system development, they should be taken into consideration by state and municipal Health Departments for implement them during the process of Ukrainian healthcare sphere’s reformation.

DOES HUMAN CAPITAL PREDICT RESOURCES: EVIDENCE FROM DENOMINATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN GHANA?

Life processes cannot continue in the absence of a means of survival. This explains why people continue to look for ways to make a living and satisfy their insatiable desires This study aims to investigate the relationship between human capital and financial resources in selected denominational institution in Ghana. This research is applied a questionnaire to measure and assess the mentioned relationship. The sample size is 368 persons who were chosen through purposive sampling technique. A Minitab 20.3 software was used to generate the required results. According to findings of empirical analysis, it is demonstrated that there is a significant and positive relationship between human capital and resources. The results also revealed that human capital elements of education, training and succession planning were predictors of resources. It recommended that human capital must be improved for better management of denominational resources.

A comparative analysis of human capital information opaqueness in South Korea and the UK

PurposeHuman capital is considered by many to be a firm's most important asset. However, because no international human capital reporting framework exists, firms can decide to include/exclude human capital details on annual reports. Based on legitimacy theory, firms that disclose high levels of human capital information can be considered congruent with the expectations of society. However, firms can also choose to include human capital information on annual reports for symbolic purposes as an image management strategy.Design/methodology/approachUsing 2018 as a sample period, content analysis is used to evaluate the annual reports of the 25 largest British and 25 largest Korean firms to demonstrate the propensity of British/Korean firms to disclose human capital information as numerical and textual data.FindingsThe authors report that South Korean firms provide high levels of human capital information using narrative and numerical data, including value added human capital elements included on integrated reports. British firms on the other hand tend to use primarily positive narrative and limited numerical human capital data to present human capital information.Originality/valueThe results imply South Korean firms provide robust human capital information on annual reports as a legitimacy strategy. On the other hand, the UK's human capital reporting requirement can be considered as a form of image management. The results therefore have important policy implications for legislators, labour unions and firm stakeholders with incentives to enhance human capital information transparency.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ПОНЯТИЯ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО КАПИТАЛА

Today, the whole world is at the stage of transition of the transformation of human capital intodigitalization. Digitalization affects the economic, social and technological way of life of humanity, changingits standard attributes. The main moderator of the digital process is a person who modernizes and improvestheir intellectual capital. The article discusses theoretical approaches to the content of the term “humancapital”, identifies the attributes of human capital, depending on the time frame of the scientists ‘ views. Thepaper highlights the factors that form the main elements of human capital, as well as their modernizationassociated with digitalization. Keywords: human capital, digitalization, cyberphysical systems, informationand socio-technological infrastructure.

Анализ человеческого капитала сотрудников разных специальностей, востребованных фармацевтической компанией

The article points to the relevance of the development of human capital of employees of the organization to maintain the growth of labor productivity at the enterprise. Theoretical approaches of various researchers to the concept of "human capital" and its structure are considered. The current situation and possible reasons for low labor productivity in the pharmaceutical industry are considered. The results of the study of human capital of the most popular representatives of four specialties in the pharmaceutical field: doctors, pharmacists, biotechnologists, chemists. Based on the characteristic features of the studied specialties concerning qualification requirements, the period of professional skills development, the timing of career development and the implementation of work projects, the author's model of human capital was proposed, which also includes elements that affect labor productivity. According to the study of the elements and parameters of human capital representatives from reporting professions were no significant differences in the parameters of the fields and the dominant elements of human capital that will allow further research to develop the optimum system of stimulation of labor productivity of employees of organizations.

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ОЦЕНКЕ СОСТОЯНИЯ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО КАПИТАЛА РЕГИОНОВ СЕВЕРО-КАВКАЗСКОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА

The article discusses the main existing methodological approaches to assessing the state of human capital in the regions, and provides a critical analysis by comparing the positive and negative sides. The article substantiates that in modern realities for the assessment of regional human capital should be used available indicators recorded by the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation in all regions, which will ensure the comparability of calculations between different subjects and give a certain universality to the methods of assessing the state of human capital in the region. Justifies the author’s position of assessing the state of human capital in the region based on the socalled representative approach of interregional comparison, the undoubted advantage of which is the comparability of the assessment indicators, which excludes the influence of the area and population of the region on the calculation of specific indicators. It is shown, in addition, that this approach is based on regional statistics available and universal for all regions. In the article, based on the methodology for assessing the human capital of the region justified by the authors, an assessment of the state of the human capital of the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District for 2019 is carried out, according to the results of which the corresponding conclusions are made, indicating a fairly strong differentiation of the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District by individual components of human capital. In this connection, it is proposed to consider the integral index of the human capital of the region in the context of the influence of indicators of the elements of regional human capital on it in order to obtain more weighty guidelines for the development strategies of regional human capital. The methodological approach proposed in the article and the results obtained can be useful for the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District to develop development strategies and adjust existing programs for the development of human capital.

Инвестиции в сферу высшего образования как условие воспроизводства человеческого потенциала будущего

Currently, there is no doubt that the high level and quality of the accumulated human potential are the most important factors that determine the state and pace of development of the national economy. The experience of countries with developed economies shows that investment in higher education largely contributes to the formation, accumulation and development of the human potential of the future. In the context of digital transformation, educational systems require signi cant supplementation with practices and approaches aimed at the formation and development of key elements of human capital. In this regard, the article substantiates the forms, directions and quantitative parameters of investment in the eld of higher education, educational and digital infrastructure in order to create optimal conditions for the intellectual, professional, physical and moral development of students that meet the requirements and criteria of the information-digital paradigm.

Intellectual capital disclosure practices of financial institutions in an emerging economy

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) practices of financial institutions in an emerging economy of Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach Based on 93 items of intellectual capital categorized into internal capital, external capital and human capital, ICD index is developed for 53 financial institutions listed in Dhaka Stock Exchange. This study uses descriptive statistics to analyze ICD practices, and parametric and non-parametric tests to analyze the variation of ICD practices in terms of different categories as well as in terms of different sectors. Findings Results indicate that more than 70% of ICD items are generally not disclosed by financial institutions in Bangladesh. The highest of 36% of external capital disclosure items are disclosed, whereas the lowest of 18% of human resource capital elements are disclosed. Furthermore, results find the significant variability of ICD practices in terms of different intellectual capital categories and in between banking companies and non-banking financial institutions. Practical implications Findings have critical implications for managers, policymakers and regulators for setting appropriate strategies and regulations for improving the level of ICD, which, in turn, may reduce the information asymmetry problems of financial institutions as well. Originality/value In-depth analysis about variability of ICD practices creates value in the ICD literature by highlighting strategic priority of financial institutions to disclose information about the strategic resources in unique emerging economic settings such as Bangladesh.

A capital idea: exploring the relationship between human and social capital and student achievement in schools

PurposeAs accountability policies worldwide press for higher student achievement, schools across the globe are enacting a host of reform efforts with varied outcomes. Mounting evidence suggests reforms, which encourage greater collaboration among teachers, may ultimately support increased student learning. Specifically, this study aims to investigate the relationship between human and social and student achievement outcomes.Design/methodology/approachIn exploring this idea, the authors draw on human and social capital and examine the influence of these forms of capital on student achievement using social network analysis and hierarchical linear modeling.FindingsThe results indicate that teacher human and social capital each have a significant and positive relationship with student achievement. Moreover, both teacher human and social capital together have an even stronger effect on student achievement than either human or social capital alone.Originality/valueAs more schools across the globe adopt structures for teacher collaboration and the development of learning communities, there is a need to better understand how schools may capitalize on these opportunities in ways that yield improved student learning. Our work sheds new light on these critical foundational elements of human and social capital that are individually and collectively associated with student achievement.

The Impact of Human Capital on Financial Performance of Entrepreneurial Firms in Serbia

Research Question: This paper investigates the impact of human capital on the financial performance within entrepreneurial firms in Serbia. Motivation: In today’s knowledge-based economy, human capital, as the main component of intellectual capital, represents one of the primary value drivers. The competitiveness of developed countries is based to a large extent on investments in intellectual capital. In most OECD countries, investments in intellectual capital are growing dramatically and in some cases they reach or even exceed investments in tangible assets. This paper primarily builds upon the results of Pena (2002) and Hormiga et al. (2011) and, as far as the author is aware, it represents one of few studies of that kind in Serbia. Idea: The main idea of the paper is to examine whether human capital influences the financial performance of Serbian entrepreneurial firms. Dependent variables are indicators of financial performance, such as ROA and sales revenue. Independent variables represent various elements of human capital. Data: The sample consists of young Serbian companies from various industries with at least three employees, founded in 2015 whose financial statements were published in 2017. Out of 1,559 such companies, 151 completed the survey and participated in the research. Tools: Factor analysis was used and numerical variables that represent the answers to the questions about human capital were loaded into factors. Those factors as independent variables were used in multiple regression analysis (OLS, FGLS and Ordered probit). Findings: It was found that elements of human capital, such as the interaction of the entrepreneurial team, social skills and tenacity, and knowledge of the entrepreneur have a positive impact on ROA. The interaction of the entrepreneurial team has a positive impact on sales revenue. On the other hand, social skills and tenacity and knowledge of an entrepreneur do not have any impact on sales revenue. Contribution: The paper can help entrepreneurs and company founders, as well as economic and development policy makers to better understand the importance of human capital for improving financial and overall business performance of newly created ventures.