Electroplating Research Articles

Electrochemically Grown Crystallographically Controlled Energy and Power Dense Cathodes for Li and Na Ion Batteries

Electrochemical synthesis of materials has contributed to significant breakthroughs in materials processing by replacing high temperature, cost and energy intensive pyrometallurgical processes. Although electrodeposition as a technology for reduction of elements and alloys has been practiced since at least the 1940s, a current key and exciting question is to identify and develop electrodeposition strategies for the growth of secondary battery cathodes. Specifically, we focus on anodic electrolytic deposition methods to grow alkali-ion intercalated, layered/spinel transition metal oxide intercalation cathode systems. State-of-the-art synthesis for layered oxide cathodes for Li and Na-ion battery involves prolonged high temperature (>700°C) processing for long reaction times (~24 hours) under high oxygen pressure, followed by slurry casting after mixing with binders and additives. Here, we demonstrate an intermediate temperature (250-350°C) electrodeposition process to grow alkali ion (Li+, Na+) intercalated transition metal oxides across multiple transition metal chemistries of the Li system (orthorhombic LiMnO2, Li2MnO3, LiNixMn1-xO4, LiMn2O4, LiCoO2) and Na system (O3 and P2 NaxCoO2, O’3 and P2 NaxMnO2) in thick film form factors. Even though our cathodes are electrochemically grown at the lowest reported synthesis temperature and reaction times, they retain the key structural and electrochemical performance of the high temperature bulk synthesized analogues. The key features of this alternate high throughput cathode manufacturing technique include formation of binder-and-additive-free, tens of microns thick, >75% dense, highly textured electrodeposits exhibiting near theoretical gravimetric capacity, low tortuosity, and chemical diffusion coefficient of Li+/Na+ ions. Our findings highlight the influence of the unique molten hydroxide-based solution chemistry platform and electrochemical processing parameters, on regulating the phase assemblage, designing the microstructure, and controlling crystallographic orientation during electrocrystallization.

Effects of Plasma Treatment as a Surface Preparation Step on Copper Plating

The continuous electrolytic copper plating process traditionally includes degreasing and acid baths before copper plating baths. These baths add difficult-to-control parameters to the process. Besides they contain various alkaline chemicals and acids that are harmful to the environment. The plasma surface treatment is a controllable alternative surface cleaning method which is used in various fields. Also it can be used for surface activation to improve plating performance. Another important aspect of the plasma process is its environmental friendliness. It has a high potential to make plating preparation stages environmentally friendly and efficient. In this study a plasma surface treatment system is attached on a traditional copper plating line which is used for cold rolled low carbon steel sheets. It was determined that plasma surface treatment had a positive effect on the quality of copper plating.

Сomposition, structure and functional properties of silver-tungsten composition electrochemistry coatings formed with the help of ultrasound

Influence of electrolyte composition and deposition parameters on the composition, structure, physicalmechanical and functional properties of composite silver-tungsten coatings was studied. It was shown that addition of sodium tungstate in electrolyte and application of ultrasound at the electroplating leads to formation of silver layers that contains tungsten oxides and demonstrates lower crystalline nucleus. Application of ultrasound vibration at the electrochemical deposition increases ability for plating process control and allows to optimize electrophysical and functional properties of composite electrochemical coatings, to make dense fine crystalline thin layers. Obtained layers demonstrate increased microhardness (by 10–50 %), wear resistance (1,5–2 times), corrosion resistance and improved contact electrical resistance. It is shown that application of ultrasound effect to electrodeposition allows increased level of permissible current density and provides.

The Pivotal Role of Uniformity of Electrolytic Deposition Processes to Improve the Reliability of Advanced Packaging

Abstract Heterogeneous integration is considered as the key technology to create large, complex System in Package (SiP) assemblies of separately manufactured, smaller components. Proper control of the uniformity of each process step constitutes one of the main challenges during integration of the different components into a higher-level assembly. In this context, processes that create thick layers by electrochemical deposition are especially susceptible to variations across the substrate. Such processes include copper pillar and bump as well as tin-silver applications. Insufficient coplanarity of electrolytic copper would result in significant reliability issues or evolution of stress in the package. Upcoming hybrid bump designs with features of different dimensions pose additional challenges to the electrolytic copper and tin-silver processes. Purposeful adjustment of differences between the heights of pillars of different diameters may be required after the copper process step in order to obtain the best uniformity for the complete stack with tin-silver on top. In addition to coplanarity, the electrolytic process should allow modification shape of the individual pillar or bump. In this context, a versatile copper electrodeposition process will be discussed that allows adjustment to a broad variety of uniformity parameters and combinations thereof. In combination with suitable tin-silver deposition processes, this process is expected to significantly improve the reliability of copper pillars and bumps for advanced packaging applications.

Electrosynthesis and characterization of lead dioxide–perfluorobutanesulfonate composite

The effect of potassium perfluorobutanesulfonate on the kinetic features of electrodeposition of lead dioxide from methanesulfonate electrolytes has been investigated. The introduction of C4F9SO3K into the lead dioxide deposition electrolyte leads to insignificant inhibition of the Pb2+ electrooxidation process, while the mechanism of the process does not change. A composite coating is formed upon deposition of coatings from electrolytes containing surfactants. The surface of a composite material consists of a mixture of clearly expressed large crystalline blocks with sharp angles and small crystals. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis revealed the satisfactory distribution of modifying elements in the entire sample bulk, and not only on the coating surface. It was shown that the electrocatalytic activity of lead dioxide–perfluorobuthanesulfonate composite differs from the undoped sample. The oxygen evolution reaction slightly decelerates on a PbO2–C4F9SO3K composite. The Tafel slopes in 1 M HClO4 calculated from these curves plotted in semilogarithmic coordinates are 136 and 145 mV dec–1 for undoped sample and lead dioxide-surfactant composite, respectively. The reaction of electrochemical oxidation of p-chlorophenol is characterized by the pseudo-first order kinetics with respect to the initial compound. The use of doped C4F9SO3K lead dioxide as an anode leads to the inhibition of the process of oxygen evolution and an almost one and a half higher rate of electrochemical conversion of 4-chlorophenol to aliphatic compounds.

Electrodeposition and Corrosion Properties of Nickel-Graphene Oxide Composite Coatings.

Nickel-based composite electrochemical coatings (CEC) modified with multilayer graphene oxide (GO) were obtained from a sulfate-chloride electrolyte in the reverse electrolysis mode. The microstructure of these CECs was investigated by X-ray phase analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The corrosion-electrochemical behavior of nickel–GO composite coatings in a 0.5 M solution of H2SO4was studied. Tests in a 3.5% NaCl solution showed that the inclusion of GO particles into the composition of electrolytic nickel deposits makes their corrosion rate 1.40–1.50 times less.

Effects of the nickel, copper, silver and tin coating on S235JR, 21NiCrMo2, C45 and 42CrMo4 steels for radiation shielding performance

In this study, S235JR (1.0037), 21NiCrMo2 (1.6523), C45 (1.0503), 42CrMo4 (1.7225) steels were coated with nickel, copper, silver, and tin. Then, the radiation shielding performances of the uncoated and coated steels were investigated. The steels were firstly designed by the coating processes via electrolytic plating method on behalf of Ni, Cu, Ag and Sn metals. The samples were then irradiated by radioactive sources for transmission of the gamma rays at 81–383 keV photon energies to measure linear and mass attenuation coefficients (LAC-µ, MAC-µ/) of the pure and coated steels by Ni, Cu, Ag and Sn. Half and tenth value of layers (HVL and TVL) of investigated materials were then calculated at the same studied photon energies. The materials were compared with each other and some shielding concretes on behalf of mean free paths (MFP) at possible. The coated steels were found to be better shielding materials than the concretes due to lower MFP values, and they were also better shielding than reference materials up to 35.31% relative difference in MFP. It was concluded that coating processes improved the shielding properties of the steels.

Opportunities, Challenges and Prospects for Electrodeposition of Thin-Film Functional Layers in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology.

Electrolytic deposition (ELD) and electrophoretic deposition (EPD) are relevant methods for creating functional layers of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). This review discusses challenges, new findings and prospects for the implementation of these methods, with the main emphasis placed on the use of the ELD method. Topical issues concerning the formation of highly active SOFC electrodes using ELD, namely, the electrochemical introduction of metal cations into a porous electrode backbone, the formation of composite electrodes, and the electrochemical synthesis of perovskite-like electrode materials are considered. The review presents examples of the ELD formation of the composite electrodes based on porous platinum and silver, which retain high catalytic activity when used in the low-temperature range (400–650 °C). The features of the ELD/EPD co-deposition in the creation of nanostructured electrode layers comprising metal cations, ceramic nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes, and the use of EPD to create oriented structures are also discussed. A separate subsection is devoted to the electrodeposition of CeO2-based film structures for barrier, protective and catalytic layers using cathodic and anodic ELD, as well as to the main research directions associated with the deposition of the SOFC electrolyte layers using the EPD method.

Ternary duplex FeCoNi alloy prepared by cathode plasma electrolytic deposition as a high-efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction

Developing multi-transitional metal electrocatalysts via a facile, rapid and cost-effective approach to achieve highly catalytic activity and long-term durability remains challenging. Herein, a novel cathode plasma electrolytic deposition (CPED) technology is successfully applied to directly fabricate ternary noble metal-free FeCoNi alloys with duplex phases on 304 stainless steel substrate as self-supporting electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Effects of the CPED technical parameters on the microstructure, morphology, and electrochemical properties of ternary FeCoNi alloys are systematically investigated by a series of orthogonal experiments. The as-received FeCoNi alloy, composed of duplex phases (i.e. face-centered cubic and body-centered cubic), is found to be able to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 285 mV in 1 M KOH electrolyte with a Tafel slope of 42 mV dec−1, and long-term stability. This work provides a new way to synthesize multi-component electrocatalysts for energy storage and conversion in a large scale base for practical commercialization.

HBM4EU chromates study - Overall results and recommendations for the biomonitoring of occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium

Exposure to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] may occur in several occupational activities, e.g., welding, Cr(VI) electroplating and other surface treatment processes. The aim of this study was to provide EU relevant data on occupational Cr(VI) exposure to support the regulatory risk assessment and decision-making. In addition, the capability and validity of different biomarkers for the assessment of Cr(VI) exposure were evaluated.The study involved nine European countries and involved 399 workers in different industry sectors with exposures to Cr(VI) such as welding, bath plating, applying or removing paint and other tasks. We also studied 203 controls to establish a background in workers with no direct exposure to Cr(VI). We applied a cross-sectional study design and used chromium in urine as the primary biomonitoring method for Cr(VI) exposure. Additionally, we studied the use of red blood cells (RBC) and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) for biomonitoring of exposure to Cr(VI). Personal measurements were used to study exposure to inhalable and respirable Cr(VI) by personal air sampling. Dermal exposure was studied by taking hand wipe samples.The highest internal exposures were observed in the use of Cr(VI) in electrolytic bath plating. In stainless steel welding the internal Cr exposure was clearly lower when compared to plating activities. We observed a high correlation between chromium urinary levels and air Cr(VI) or dermal total Cr exposure. Urinary chromium showed its value as a first approach for the assessment of total, internal exposure. Correlations between urinary chromium and Cr(VI) in EBC and Cr in RBC were low, probably due to differences in kinetics and indicating that these biomonitoring approaches may not be interchangeable but rather complementary.This study showed that occupational biomonitoring studies can be conducted successfully by multi-national collaboration and provide relevant information to support policy actions aiming to reduce occupational exposure to chemicals.

Structural Fire Analysis of One‐storey Steel‐framed Buildings with Steel Claddings

AbstractTraditionally the structural stability of steel building frames is ensured by frame action or bracing elements. Recent European research projects have demonstrated that significant cost savings can be achieved, if cladding panels forming the building envelope are used to provide stability. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the possible stabilization effect of steel structures by steel claddings in fire, without additional wind bracings using Finite Element Method. The Finite Element analyses for full‐scale steel‐framed buildings with steel claddings under fires are still challenging due to large number of elements in the steel claddings. In this paper, the equivalent orthotropic shell element is used to model the trapezoidal roof sheeting, and composite shell element with soft core is used to model the sandwich panel in the cool compartment. Due to the delamination of inner steel face in fire, the sandwich panels in the fire compartment can be either neglected or modeled with two‐layer composite shell ignoring the inner steel sheet. The comparative study is performed, and the results suggest that the difference is small and the sandwich panels in the fire compartment can be neglected. The stabilization effect of steel claddings in fire is studied by the comparison of deformation and force responses between buildings with traditional steel bracings and with steel cladding only. In case of ISO fire, the fire resistance of entire one‐storey building with steel claddings only is 22% longer than the one with traditional steel bracings.

“Physico-Chemical analysis and detection of Heavy Metals in water through electro plating Industries by ICP-AES technique”

Abstract: The physico-chemical properties and detection of heavy metals (Viz. Pb, As, Cd, Ni, Cu, Fe, Zn, Cr) and their accumulation have been studied in electroplating industrial waste water. This work describes the detection of concentration of these metals in industrial waste water by ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy) technique. In electroplating industrial waste water samples Pb, As, Ni, Cu, Fe, Cr are detected while Cd, Zn, As, Cu are detected in trace amount in some samples. For the accumulation of metals by the waste water samples were collected and analysed. This concentration of metals is due to various electro plating industries. The waste water samples were collected from MIDC, Ambad, Nashik. Maharashtra. At this point the soil is getting polluted by the disposal of different electro plating industrial waste water. Detected some of the metals are toxic. Keywords: Accumulation, Heavy Metals, ICP-AES, waste water, detection, physico-chemical

Plasma electrolytic deposition of α-Al2O3 on TiNb fibres and their mechanical properties

A novel TiNb fibre with an α-Al2O3 coating was fabricated by cathodic plasma electrolytic deposition (CPED), which has enormous potential for use in intermetallic matrix composites (IMMCs). This study aims to clarify the microstructural evolution of α-Al2O3 coatings on TiNb fibres and to systematically evaluate the mechanical properties of such modified fibres. The results revealed that the CPED process can be divided into three stages as voltage and deposition time increased: gas film formation, spark discharge, and spark fading, where the coating successively underwent local nucleation, uniform deposition, micropore self-sealing, and loose structure formation. The optimum deposition parameters of the deposition voltage of 300–400 V and deposition time of 3–4 min were determined, under which the α-Al2O3 coating combined tightly with the TiNb fibre matrix, micropores were completely self-sealed, and the loose structure and detrimental phase transitions in TiNb were effectively avoided. The fracture strength calculated by the Weibull method suggested that the fracture strength of the modified Al2O3/TiNb fibre was enhanced by more than 30%; this improved strength maintained high stability, benefiting from the intact α-Al2O3 ceramic coating. In particular, the fibre coated at 300 V for 4 min had the highest strength reaching 1620 MPa. The fracture morphology presented marked necking and shear lip characteristics, indicating excellent plasticity.

The Application of X-rays for an Electrodeposition of Composite Coatings with Modified Structures and Properties

Experimental studies of the effect of X-rays on the process of electrolytic deposition of composite coatings are reviewed in this paper. Particular emphasis will be on the applications of X-rays for both the modification of a structure and the mechanical characteristics of galvanic coatings. In particular, this research investigates the Co/SiO2 coatings deposited from aqueous solutions under the effect of X-rays. The results of extensive investigations into the dispersing ability of electrolytes with SiO2 nanoparticles and a mass rate of composite coatings Co/SiO2 indicates that the method of electroplating under the effect of X-rays during the process results in the intensification of diffusion in the electrolyte volume and creates dense, uniform coatings. This research demonstrates that exposure of an electrolytic cell to X-rays during the electroplating process of Co/SiO2 results in an orienting effect on the formation of crystal grains and allows for the creation of dense, morphology uniform coatings with increased hardness and improved adhesion.

Uranium In Situ Electrolytic Deposition with a Reusable Functional Graphene-Foam Electrode.

Nuclear fission produces 400 GWe which represents 11% of the global electricity output. Uranium is the essential element as both fission fuel and radioactive waste. Therefore, the recovery of uranium is of great importance. Here, an in situ electrolytic deposition method to extract uranium from aqueous solution is reported. A functionalized reduced graphene oxide foam (3D-FrGOF) is used as the working electrode, which acts as both a hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst and a uranium deposition substrate. The specific electrolytic deposition capacity for U(VI) ions with the 3D-FrGOF is 4560mg g-1 without reaching saturation, and the Coulombic efficiency can reach 54%. Moreover, reduction of the uranium concentration in spiked seawater from 3ppm to 19.9 ppb is achieved, which is lower than the US Environmental Protection Agency uranium limits for drinking water (30 ppb). Furthermore, the collection electrode can be efficiently regenerated and recycled at least nine times without much efficiency fading, by ejecting into 2000ppm concentrated uranium solution in a second bath with reverse voltage bias. All these findings open new opportunities in using free-standing 3D-FrGOF electrode as an advanced separation technique for water treatment.

Influence of chemical mechanical polishing of copper on the inherently selective atomic layer deposition of zirconia

Copper is a highly used material for making interconnects in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor devices in today's semiconductor industry. In this process, chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is performed on silicon (Si) wafers patterned with electroplated (EP) copper (Cu) whereby further processing by selective atomic layer deposition (SALD) of zirconia on Si only is highly desirable. Although there have been previous studies of the selectivity on Si over Cu, inherent selectivity of an ALD process on post-CMP Cu was not discussed. CMP can modify the Cu surface and leave residual contaminants which can influence the selectivity of deposition. To understand the impact of CMP treated Cu surface on SALD, this study, first, examines the chemical surfaces of three forms of Cu: electron-beam deposited, EP, and post-CMP Cu and then evaluates the selectivity of the ALD process by altering process parameters. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic surface analysis and atomic force microscopy reveal post-CMP Cu having a slightly different chemical composition and lower surface roughness than EP Cu. SALD of zirconia was performed using ethanol both as the pre-deposition surface treatment agent and the oxygen source for the zirconium precursor used - tris(dimethylamino)cyclopentadienyl zirconium under variable process parameters. Since CMP of Cu is a necessary component of semiconductor manufacturing, assessing selectivity of this process on this form of Cu was necessary. In this study, we show a ∼2 nm ZrO2 layer on Si via ALD was possible with no deposition on post-CMP Cu under a less robust process window than that observed for other forms of Cu.

Improved Li4Ti5O12 electrodes by modified current collector surface

A copper current collector is treated by electrolytic deposition of copper dendrites at the surface of the foil. This treatment results in a more structured surface leading to an improved contact between the electrode materials and the current collector. The contact to the electrode material particles of different sizes is investigated. Active materials of submicron size exhibit a drastically reduced internal resistance and a clearly improved C-rate capability. BET surface area measurement and calculation of roughness factor resulted in the finding of dendritic copper foil to provide an 8-fold larger surface area compared to the untreated foil. A comprehensive electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study is conducted for elucidation of electrochemical utilisation of the surface area increase. As a result, both fitting parameters for capacitance and surface resistance correspond to a similar normalization shift, indicating a clear improvement in the electro-active interface area.

Aqueous Thick-Film Ceramic Processing of Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Using La0.20Sr0.25Ca0.45TiO3 Anode Supports

Research into the use of Rh and Ce0.80Gd0.20O1.90 (CGO20) co-impregnated La0.20Sr0.25Ca0.45TiO3 (LSCTA-) anodes for electrolyte-supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) has yielded extremely impressive durability and robustness at industrial short stack scales over the past decade. These anodes have exhibited the ability to rival the degradation and RedOx/thermal/thermo-RedOx cycling tolerance of state-of-the-art SOFC anodes at short stack scales, in addition to providing the ability to operate under sulfur-laden fuel gas streams and high fuel utilisation/overload conditions. (1)Given the success of implementation of LSCTA- anodes into Electrolyte Supported Cells (ESC) and the reasonable mechanical strength of LSCTA- as a support material, (2,3) successful attempts have also been made to employ LSCTA- as an anode support for SOFC at button cell scales, (4,5) in addition to appraisal of the upscaling of thick-film ceramic processing techniques used to prepare larger (20 cm by 20 cm) SOFC anode supports. (3) These studies performed by Lu et al., Ni et al. and Verbraeken et al. (3-5) focussed upon production of LSCTA- anode supports by aqueous tape casting followed by either co-casting or screen printing of a 8 mol. % yttria-stabilised-zirconia (8YSZ) electrolyte layer.Therefore, using these studies as a basis for the current research, we present results concerning the ceramic processing of Anode Supported Cells (ASC) that employ LSCTA- anode ‘backbone’ microstructures, with the ultimate aim of testing SOFC whose anodes have been decorated with Rh and CGO20 catalysts through wet impregnation. Here, we detail a thermal compatibility study of a variety of electrode and electrolyte material sets using dilatometric analysis, leading to the conclusion that the shrinkages of LSCTA- and 8YSZ are sufficiently matched to allow co-sintering of the anode support and electrolyte layers. Subsequently, the thick-film aqueous ceramic processing of LSCTA- anode supports, via tape casting, is discussed in addition to an appraisal of the most appropriate method to produce dense 8YSZ electrolyte layers (i.e., electrolyte deposition by co-casting or screen printing), with the aim of co-sintering the structure up to 1400 °C in air. Finally, an evaluation of the microstructural characteristics of LSCTA − supports, prepared using a typical graphite pore former (commonly used with organic solvent systems) or without the use of a pore former, will be provided, in comparison to microstructures resulting from the incorporation of poly(ethyl/methyl methacrylate) pore formers that are compatible with the aqueous solvent system employed. References R. Price, M. Cassidy, J. G. Grolig, G. Longo, U. Weissen, A. Mai and J. T. S. Irvine, Adv. Energy Mater., 2003951, 1 (2021).V. Vasechko, M. Ziegner and J. Malzbender, Ceram. Int., 40, 13179 (2014).M. C. Verbraeken, B. R. Sudireddy, V. Vasechko, M. Cassidy, T. Ramos, J. Malzbender, P. Holtappels and J. T. S. Irvine, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 38, 1663 (2018).L. Lu, C. Ni, M. Cassidy and J. T. S. Irvine, J. Mater. Chem. A, 4, 11708 (2016).C. Ni, L. Lu, D. N. Miller, M. Cassidy and J. T. S. Irvine, J. Mater. Chem. A, 6, 5398 (2018).

High capacity polycarbazole-sulfur cathode for use in lithium-sulfur batteries

The potential use of electrochemically polymerized polycarbazole as an additive in lithium-sulfur battery cathodes has been investigated. Optimization of the polymer properties considered solvent, electrolyte and current-time profile during electropolymerization. It was found that electrodeposition from LiClO4-acetonitrile electrolyte and constant-potential deposition (at 1.15 V vs Ag/Ag+) gives the highest initial discharge capacity. This is most likely due to an optimum combination of specific surface area and conductivity.To improve the quality of the cathode, a slurry of carbon disulfide and dimethyl formamide was devised to balance the dispersion of carbon black and the solubility of sulfur. In 2032-coin cells, against a lithium anode, a polycarbazole-sulfur (PCBz-S) cathode with 30% sulphur showed the highest initial discharge capacity. A very good coulombic efficiency of around 98% and a capacity retention of over 91% for 50 charge/discharge cycles were obtained for the optimized PCBz-S cathode. Based on the cycling performance, PCBz is a potentially useful additive to mitigate the polysulfide shuttle effect. In addition, the electropolymerized carbazole matches the performance of a commercial polypyrrole that has been widely used as a conductive binder.

Tailoring gold-conducting polymer nanocomposites for sensors applications: Proof of concept for As(III) sensing in aqueous media

Nanocomposites of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and conducting polymers, polypyrrole (PPy) and polyaniline (PANI), were prepared by simple oxidative polymerization of the corresponding monomer (pyrrole and aniline, respectively) by tetrachloroauric acid. Au nanospheres and nanorods were formed in the case of Au@PPy and Au@PANI, respectively. Detection of As(III) using Au@polymer was investigated where both nanocomposites showed similar activity for As electrooxidation in acidic media. The activity of Au@PPy was notably improved upon the addition of a small amount of conducting carbon, giving higher current densities compared to the commercial Au electrode. Further optimization of the operational conditions including electrolyte composition, deposition time and potential, was carried out to reach the limit of quantification as low as 2 ppb. Au@PPy nanocomposite proved to be suitable for sensing of As(III) in the presence of other ions, such as Cu(II). Furthermore, it proved to be suitable for As(III) sensing in real samples.