ABSTRACT Carbamazepine (CBZ) is an anticonvulsant pharmaceutical that is resistant to photodegradation and biodegradation in conventional wastewater treatment plants. In this research, the degradation of commercial CBZ was studied using a boron-doped diamond-Fe system in continuous flow. A response surface model was created to determine the contributions of the current intensity (0.39, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, and 1.10 A) or current density (1.69, 2.16, 3.25, 4.33, and 4.76 mA/cm2, respectively), support electrolyte (NaCl and CaCl2), and initial CBZ concentration ([CBZ]0) (0.1, 1.0, 5.5, 10.0, and 11.8 mg/L). The highest CBZ removal (%) was achieved with NaCl as a support electrolyte at a current intensity of 0.64 A (2.77 mA/cm2) and [CBZ]0 of 4.5 mg/L at a neutral pH (6–7) and a treatment time of 120 min. The electro-oxidation (EO) process achieved a removal efficiency of 77.25%, whereas solar EO removed 90.77% of CBZ in the presence of ultraviolet radiation (536.37 W/m2). CBZ degradation was fitted to the Behnajady–Modirshahla–Ghanbery kinetic model with constant values of 1/m = 0.31 and 1/b = 0.93, thereby indicating the fast decomposition of CBZ. The toxicity was significantly reduced in the effluent.