Electronic Waste Disposal Research Articles

Navigating the Paradox: Materialism, Sustainable Practices and Well-Being in Emerging Markets

In emerging markets, the prevalence of materialistic tendencies has intensified consumption, impacting both the environment and consumer well-being. This research examines the paradoxical relationships between materialism, sustainable practices and consumer well-being through two cross-sectional studies. We explore linear and curvilinear relationships among these concepts across two sustainable practices (organic food consumption) and post-consumption (disposal of electronic waste). Study 1 investigates the relationships between organic food consumption, materialism, hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. In Study 2, we replicate the investigation, focusing on post-consumption practices, particularly the relationship between electronic waste disposal, materialism and life satisfaction as a dimension of subjective well-being. Findings reveal that materialistic values can motivate both sustainable and post-consumption practices, ultimately contributing to consumer well-being. Furthermore, to some extent, materialism can moderate the association between sustainable consumption and well-being. This research provides insights for promoting sustainable consumption and post-consumption practices in emerging markets.

Repurposing Electronic Waste Disposal and Management in the Bauchi Built Environment

Repurposing Electronic Waste Disposal and Management in the Bauchi Built Environment

Deep Learning for Sustainable E-Waste Management: Leveraging Transfer Learning for Classification

The rapid rise of electronic waste (commonly referred to as "e-waste") has become a world's growing challenge which should be managed by creative approaches. The number of e-waste produced is estimated to be 53.6 million metric tons in 2019. From this we can see that the seriousness of the issue direly calls upon taking the measures to prevent the environmental and public health risks associated with this expanding crisis [1]. Since a lot of the e-waste may contain hazardous materials such as mercury, lead and cadmium, which can impact the health and the environment if not treated properly, the mismanagement of it increases the problem [2]. In the case of e-waste, there is wide assortment of the electronic devices and components hence, it becomes difficult to classify them into their product categories properly. Sorting processes can't keep up with the pace of production waste as a result of being tedious, error-prone, and slow. This research employs deep learning approaches to segregate E-waste items using images for automated category. Utilizing contemporary models like VGG16, DenseNet121, InceptionV3, MobileNetV3, and ResNet50, the research designs classification systems that have these great attributes. Dataset building (training and assessment) become easy when an extensive dataset of 3000 images from 10 different types of equipment is developed. This research study helps to offer useful implications for managing current methods of electronic waste disposal and developing sustainable circular economies with quantitative analyzing of model performance factors that include accuracy, precision, F1- score, mean squared error (MSE), and mean absolute error (MAE).

A Detailed Analysis on Evaluation of Green Computing

Abstract: Currently, computers are not only used in offices but utilized at home as well. The amount of energy consumed by the growing daily use of computers contributes to a rise in the atmosphere's carbon content. The IT sector is mostly to blame for 3% of the world's energy usage, which is rising by 20% annually. These days, green computing is a very emerging topic today. He is responsible for the use of computers and associated resources. It encompasses the application of energy efficient processors, servers and peripherals, along with less resource usage and appropriate electronic waste disposal waste. Enhancing the life cycle efficiency of IT devices and approving the recycling of wasteful items and manufacturing waste are the main objectives of green computing. The methods for conserving green energy and their potential applications are discussed in this article. By "aligning all IT processes and practices with the core principles of sustainability, which are to reduce, reuse, and recycle; and finding innovative ways to use IT in business processes to deliver sustainability benefits across the enterprise and beyond," green computing can also create beneficial solutions. Green computing and green chemistry share many of the same objectives, including minimizing the use of hazardous materials, optimizing energy efficiency over the course of a product's lifetime, and fostering the recyclable or biodegradable nature of factory waste and non-operational products .

Biotechnological Approaches for Metal Recovery from Electronic Wastes.

The disposal of electronic waste (EW) in open landfills has caused several toxic environmental effects. The harmful metallic components released in the environment due to deposition of EW act as hazards for living systems. EW management has been widely studied in recent days across the world. Though, several processes are implemented in extraction, recycling and recovery of heavy metals from the EW, most of them are not effective in recovering the precious metals. Various chemical processes are executed for efficient extraction of precious metals from e-wastes. Though the techniques are easy to process and rapid, however, the chemical leaching also has detrimental environmental consequences. Biological approaches, on the other hand, solves the purpose for efficient and environmentally friendly recovery of precious metals. Thus, both resource recovery as well as remediation can be targeted simultaneously. Biotechnological methods offer sustainable and efficient solutions for metal recovery from electronic wastes, presenting a viable alternative to traditional methods. Continued advancements in this field hold significant promise for addressing the growing e-waste challenge.

Achieving efficient electromagnetic absorption in multifunctional carbon nanotube aerogels by manipulating radialized network structure

The rapid advancements in communication technology have greatly propelled the widespread applications of artificial intelligence (AI). While AI technology facilitates society, it also brings the unavoidable electromagnetic hazards and the issue of disposal of electronic plastic wastes. So, utilizing electronic plastic wastes to constructing carbon-based electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials, are highly promising. However, how to use CNTs from plastic wastes to build good EMW absorption performance aerogels is a critical challenge. In this work, highly porous and well-interconnected network aerogels constructed by radialized CNT arrays are rationally designed under the guidance of grave-to-cradle strategy, exhibiting altered impedance matching and multiple EMW attenuation methods. Theoretical calculations suggest that a well-designed heterojunction interface structure can enhance the conductivity and interface polarization of CNTAs. The CNT aerogels (CNTAs) realize broad absorption bandwidth covering 8.48 GHz with a minimum reflection loss of −59.5 dB. Moreover, the radialized arrays network of CNTAs also endows it with electromagnetic protection, thermal management, self-cleaning, and air purification functions. These inspiring achievements of multifunctional CNTA-2 provides new help for the safe and stable promotion of the AI era.

E-waste Management Using Blockchain Technology

Introduction; Bridging the digital divide requires the provision of affordable, fair and quality ICT. With nearly two-thirds of the world’s population still offline, there is a need to provide affordable web access for everyone. For developing countries, increasing the popularity of information and communication technology has become the most important factor in reducing poverty. The danger of electrical and electronic waste disposal contains hazardous substances, but most of the electrical and electronic equipment is still disposed of in an unhealthy environment in the field development area, affecting the level of contamination in Water, Air and Soil ultimately affecting people’s health. Eliminating E-waste responsibility and protecting the environment is a challenge for countries. Smart cities can solve environmental problems through proper waste management for improving human health, protecting water resources, and reducing pollution. Objective; In this paper, we explore how blockchain technology can help smart cities to manage E-waste by providing consistency, immutability, transparency, and accountability control in a distributed, reliable, and secure manner. We discussed the advantages of blockchain technology in various aspects of E-waste management, such as instant tracking and monitoring, E-waste disposal and E-waste management regulation compliance, proper disposal management, E-waste management, and material handling, etc. All examples of disposal services, but in our study we have found that there is no fool proof system to check the disposal of E-waste whether it has been disposed off Fully or Partially. We mainly focused on the tracking of E-waste management system for 100% safe and eco-friendly disposal from the originating point of E-waste to end disposal point of total disposal. Methods; For this, we have used machine-learning model to find the existing percentage of disposal of E-waste at the end-point which reveals that it is never 100%. And partial disposal of E-waste means we have still partial E-waste around us in different forms, which will be a threat for the society to be indulged in hazardous after effects of randomly dumping E-waste.Results; After this we have modelled a Disposal Tracking System(DTS) using blockchain technology to create an E-waste data storage as Decentralized Shareable Ledger (DSL) which records the quantity and state of E-waste data from its originating point to a different level of disposal unit and finally reflect the balance of E-waste data as NIL at the end of last disposal point.Conclusion; This system will helpful for safe and ecofriendly E-waste management and it provides complete transparency and traceability of E-waste during the life cycle of complete disposal. After implementation of this system any district or Block or Village authority can ensure to its citizens for E-waste hazards free environment and safety of natural resources

MoS2 Modified Aluminum Electrode for Detection of Calcium Oxalate through Electrochemical Oxidation

The disposal of electronic waste (E-waste), encompassing discarded items such as computers, televisions, fridges, cellphones, and associated cabling, presents a significant challenge to both societal welfare and environmental health. Addressing e-waste management is critical to achieving several of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study introduces a novel approach to repurposing aluminum from discarded electrical cables for the creation of high-efficiency electrodes that can detect oxalic acid in human urine samples. The process involves stripping 2mm thick cables to yield 7cm long aluminum rods. These rods are then coated with MoS2 nanoparticles via a hydrothermal synthesis technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms the presence of MoS2 in the 1T phase, while Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy provide insights into the vibrational modes and chemical composition. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) imaging depicts the MoS2 as having a flower-like nanostructure composed of interwoven nanosheets. The resulting nanocomposite sensor demonstrates an enhanced electrical current response, along with notable selectivity and stability, likely due to the combined effects of the MoS2 materials. The sensor’s amperometric signal is directly correlated with the oxalate ion concentration within a range of 10 to 300 μM and exhibits a detection threshold as low as 2 μM. This sensor technique was evaluated alongside a standard colorimetric assay for measuring oxalic acid levels in urine specimens. Findings indicated a strong correlation (R=0.954) between oxalic acid concentrations assessed using the biosensor and those obtained through the colorimetric approach.Keywords: E-waste, Aluminum Electrodes, MoS2 Nanoparticles, Oxalic Acid Detection, and Electrochemical Sensing, Figure 1

Problems of information security in the management of electronic waste

Subject. The study is devoted to data security issues in the disposal of electronic waste. Objectives. The focus is on the analysis of problems and world experience in ensuring user information security in the organization of electronic waste management system, according to the circular economy principles. Methods. The study rests on the content analysis of regulatory and legal documentation on electronic waste management. The information base includes standards of the Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries (ISRI), the Basel Action Network, Sustainable Electronics Recycling International (SERI), European legislation on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), and Russian standards for waste management. Results. So far, Russia has no regulations on data security issues when handling out-of-service electronic equipment, according to the circular economy principles. We propose to supplement Russian regulatory documents with aspects of information security, which will have positive effects on the confidentiality of data available on electronic media when recycling electronic waste. Conclusions. It is required to introduce strict State regulation of processes of handling information contained on electronic media. This will enhance the credibility of e-waste recycling companies with regard to information security.

Legal aspects of the problem of electronic waste disposal in Russia and China

Legal aspects of the problem of electronic waste disposal in Russia and China

Environmental Impacts of Inadequate Disposal of Heavy Metals in Soil, Water, and Air

The improper disposal of electronic waste poses significant risks to human health through soil contamination and subsequent water pollution. This text aims to shed light on the detrimental effects of such actions. The primary objective is to identify the impacts of irresponsible disposal of electronic waste and batteries on soil and, by extension, water sources. Specific objectives include exploring how heavy metals from these waste products can be correctly disposed of to prevent harm to animals and humans. Additionally, the text seeks to underscore the necessity of discussing existing public policies for proper waste disposal. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to gather insights from experts in the field. Researchers have proposed various approaches to address this issue, emphasizing the urgency of adopting sustainable practices for electronic waste disposal. In conclusion, there is an urgent need to reconsider current practices and implement sustainable methods for discarding electronic devices. By doing so, we can mitigate water, soil, and air contamination, thereby reducing the risk of disease transmission to humans.

Environmental Impact of Heavy Metals in Soils from Electronic Waste Dumpsite in Southwest Nigeria

The massive influx of electronics into Nigeria has led to environmental challenges due to increase in the production of electronic waste, which causes serious health and pollution problems. This study investigated the level and impact of heavy metals in 30 soil samples from an electronic waste disposal site in southwest Nigeria, using appropriate standard methods. The range concentrations of the heavy metals were 1615 mg/kg Pb, 20 mg/kg Cr, 266.32 mg/kg Ni, 22.39 mg/kg Cd and 242.03 mg/kg Cu at depth 0-15cm while 1453.56 mg/kg Pb, 26.31 mg/kg Cr, 497.11 mg/kg Ni, 17.04 mg/kg Cd and 230.31 mg/kg Cu were observed at depth 15-30 cm. The concentrations of the heavy metals exceeded the allowable limits, except for Cr. The mean degree of contaminations, 18.15 and 14.35, were observed at depths 0-15 and 15-30 cm respectively and indicated considerable and moderate degree of contamination by the heavy metals, respectively. The mean Potential index of 323.52 and 225.79 at depth 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm showed sever toxicity and moderate toxicity, respectively. The I-geo. of Pb at both depths indicated extreme contamination. This study reveals sever potential environmental and health hazards in the neighborhood, ecosystem, and community, and advises that the government should establish a national policy on e-waste and regulate testing of all electronics imported under the names of reuse, donation and recycling, which will halt the importation of e-scraps (e-waste).

Optimizing E-Waste Recycling for Critical Metal Recovery in Malaysia with Economic and Environmental Analysis

In the rapidly evolving landscape of global waste management, the disposal and recycling of electronic waste (e-waste) present significant challenges and opportunities, particularly in the context of recovering critical metals essential for various high-tech and green technologies. This paper sets out to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the current practices and technologies deployed in Malaysia for recycling e-waste, with a particular emphasis on the recovery of such critical metals. Our investigation delves into the economic and environmental dimensions of e-waste recycling processes, assessing their viability, sustainability, and the potential impacts on both the local ecosystem and the global supply chain of critical raw materials. The primary aim is to dissect the intricacies of existing e-waste management frameworks in Malaysia, identifying the bottlenecks that hinder the efficient recovery of valuable metals and evaluating the overall effectiveness of these systems in terms of economic returns and environmental conservation. Through this analysis, the paper aims to illuminate the innovative approaches and technological solutions that can be harnessed to enhance the recovery rates of critical metals, thereby reducing the environmental footprint of e-waste and contributing to a more circular economy. Furthermore, the paper seeks to bridge the gap between the current state of e-waste recycling in Malaysia and the ideal, optimized processes that balance economic growth with environmental stewardship. By highlighting the benefits and challenges associated with the recovery of critical metals from e-waste, this study underscores the importance of adopting an integrated approach that encompasses policy reform, technological innovation, and stakeholder engagement. In doing so, it provides a roadmap for Malaysia and similar economies facing the dual challenge of e-waste management and resource scarcity, offering insights into creating sustainable, resilient, and economically viable recycling ecosystems.

Consequences of the incorrect disposal of electronic waste when growing flower seedlings

Abstract The improper disposal of batteries has numerous consequences for the environment, since they contain potentially toxic metals that can be leached, infiltrating, and contaminating the soil layers, the groundwater, as well as the fauna and flora of nearby regions. Therefore, studies were conducted to simulate and analyze soil contamination by the release of potentially toxic metals from the incorrect disposal of alkaline batteries in the environment, in similar natural conditions, by doing leaching tests in fertilized soil resembling a landfill. Therefore, in this paper a simple experiment is proposed for sensitizing students toward the consequences of an incorrect disposal of batteries in the environment.

Concentration and Health Risk of Heavy Metals in Herbs from Electronic Waste Disposal Site in Lagos State, Nigeria

Considering that about 80 % of the world population uses herbs for the treatment of illnesses and the contamination that is prevalent at electronic waste (e-waste) disposal sites, this study evaluated the concentrations of heavy metals and health risks in the use and consumption of Rhynchospora corymbosa, Pentodon pentandrus and Cyclosorus dentatus, herbs commonly found in electronic waste disposal site in Lagos State, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods. The mean concentrations of the heavy metals in the plant were: 100.78±0.91, 0.16±0.02, 25.68±0.44, 258.94±1.62, and 8.51±0.04 mg/kg for Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu and Cr, respectively. Pentodon pentandrus had the highest Pb, Cu and Ni concentrations, Cyclosorus dentatus had the highest Cd concentration while Rhynchospora corymbosa recorded the highest concentration of Cr. The bio-accumulation factor of Cu in Pentodon pentandrus and in Rhynchospora corymbosa and of Cr in Rhynchospora corymbosa were higher than 1. The estimated daily intake of Pb and Ni in Pentodon pentandrus, Cyclosorus dentatus and Rhynchospora corymbosa exceeded the Provisional Maximum Tolerable Intake, indicating an intolerable risk to the consumers’ health. The hazard index of each of the plants indicates that the cumulative health effects of the heavy metals would cause potential health hazards to the consumers. This useful information gives an accurate indication of the levels of contamination of the plants and the potential health risk effects of the consumption of these herbs from the dumpsite.

Electronic waste disposal behavioral intention of millennials: A moderating role of electronic word of mouth (eWOM) and perceived usage of online collection portal

The escalating magnitude of electronic garbage (e-waste) poses significant challenges for individuals, communities, and businesses within the economy. The global accumulation of electronic waste (e-waste) is increasing, accompanied by a lack of sustainable disposal methods due to the limited implementation of Circular Economy (CE) principles such as recycling and responsible resource exploitation. While there has been an observed increase in environmental awareness among individuals over the past decade, particularly among the demographic known as “Millennials,” there is a dearth of study pertaining to their electronic trash disposal practises. Furthermore, there is a need to investigate the influence of external factors such as Electronic word of mouth (eWOM) and perceived Usage of Online collection portal. Consequently, the present study has put forth a theoretical framework in order to investigate the perceived behavior of millennials towards the disposal of electronic trash (E-waste). The purpose of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) is to anticipate the perceived e-waste disposal behavior of millennials. This objective was empirically tested using a sample size of 305 respondents using structural equation modelling. The results indicate a positive correlation between millennials' intentions to dispose of e-waste and their attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The emergence of electronic eWOM has been recognized as an important factor in earlier research. In this study, we have examined the moderating influence of eWOM on E-waste disposal behavior. However, our findings suggest that eWOM has a major impact solely on the attitudes of millennials. Moreover, the influence of the online collecting site exhibits a substantial moderating impact on all the variables of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The current study proposes the implementation of a take-back plan through e-commerce websites, tailored to the behavioural intents of millennials. This solution carries significant theoretical and practical implications.

Residents’ Attitudes, Behaviour, and Willingness to Recycle E-waste in Brunei Darussalam

Today, the electronics industry is the largest and fastest-growing manufacturing sector in the world. The rapid expansion of this industry coupled with the brief product lifespan generates an enormous amount of e-waste. Increasing amounts of waste from the electronics industry pose a significant problem for many lower-middle income nations today. For proper disposal and routing of e-waste, consumer cognizance plays a crucial role in directing e-waste to its authorised collection centres and authorised recyclers. Financial constraints, inadequate storage facilities and information on e-waste, lack of awareness on the impacts of e-waste, the absence of rules and regulations, and the lack of an appropriate description of roles and responsibilities pertaining to e-waste management, among other factors, may be impeding e-waste management. In this research, a primary survey is conducted to determine consumers’ awareness and preferences regarding the disposal of electronic waste. The survey was conducted in Brunei Darussalam with 351 consumers using a structured questionnaire. This survey questionnaire’s demographic profile includes gender, age group, employment status, household size, and income range. Knowledge of e-waste, awareness of e-waste, willingness to recycle, and consumer preference regarding the appropriate disposal and management of e-waste were identified using exploratory factor analysis. The study reveals that 57.3% of respondents comprehend the definition of e-waste, with 89.9% of respondents using a mobile phone daily and 86.6% using a computer daily. 58.1% of respondents do not know what to do with their e-waste, so the majority retain it at home. The primary concern regarding e-waste disposal is a lack of knowledge about recycling facilities. Approximately 66% of respondents are willing to pay between BND $ 1 - 10 for the disposal or recycling of e-waste, and 38% are willing to travel between 1 and 5 kilometers for disposal or recycling. 76% of respondents concurred that the government should subsidise e-waste disposal. By comprehending attitudes, behaviour, and willingness to recycle e-waste, a comprehensive e-waste management policy can be formulated.

Reverse Logistics: A Case Study About the Disposal of Electro-Electronic Waste in São João Do Polêsine – RS

Purpose: The research aims to identify the destination of electronic waste in the municipality of São João do Polêsine – Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: A closed questionnaire was applied using the Likert scale – multiple choice questions, with the aim of analyzing and identifying the needs in dealing with electronic waste in private organizations in the municipality. Regarding the method, the research was characterized as an exploratory-descriptive study with a quantitative approach with companies associated with ACISAT – (Association of Commerce, Industry, Services, Agriculture and Tourism), which has 35 (thirty-five) affiliated companies. Results and discussion: The main results show that there is already a great diversity of electrical and electronic waste used in the municipality, since they are involved in everything from administrative to hospital activities and that the municipal Plan for Integrated Solid Waste Management will collaborate with the construction of the reality of policies on WEEE. Implications of the research: The limitations of the study are based on the superficiality of the quantitative data related to companies associated with ACISAT, which do not allow for a more meaningful analysis in order to identify the challenges faced daily in waste management. Originality/value: the knowledge acquired in this research offers important information about environmental management and sustainability in the region, in addition to providing insights into possible improvements to existing reverse logistics systems. It is also possible to identify challenges and opportunities related to the correct disposal of electronic waste, contributing to the development of more efficient and environmentally responsible public policies and practices. Furthermore, the research can serve as a basis for future research and studies in other regions, promoting the dissemination of knowledge and the search for more sustainable solutions.

THE RARE EARTH ELEMENTS: AN IN-DEPTH EXPLORATION OF INDUSTRIAL UTILIZATION, RECYCLING POTENTIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RAMIFICATIONS

This comprehensive study delves into the extensive spectrum of applications attributed to rare earth elements (REEs), their potential for effective recycling, and the intricate environmental considerations entwined with their extraction and utilization. The realm of rare earth elements is undergoing rapid transformations fueled by technological progress and the escalating demand for these essential components. The spectrum of REEs encompasses the lanthanide series elements, namely La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu, as well as Sc and Y. These metals currently hold utmost significance across a multitude of contemporary technologies, spanning from smartphones, televisions, LED light bulbs, to wind turbines. This paper concisely outlines the environmental perils encompassing human health that stem from REE mining practices and the large-scale disposal of electronic waste containing noteworthy concentrations of REEs. Within these pages, we encapsulate novel strategies aimed at ensuring the future availability of REEs, including recent advancements in REE extraction from Coal Field Ash and innovative e-waste recycling methodologies. Additionally, we spotlight recent breakthroughs in the domain of individual REE separation techniques, encompassing both metallurgical and recycling operations.

SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES IN ENTERPRISES IN THE CONTEXT OF ICT DEVICES USAGE

Purpose: Study on the level of implementation of sustainable practices in Polish enterprises in the field of ICT equipment management in NUTS-2 regions in Poland. Design/methodology/approach: The study employs methods of multivariate statistical analysis to comprehensively assess and compare the extent of sustainable ICT practices in different regions. Data from the Polish Central Statistical Office for 2022 were analysed, focusing on five key indicators: reduction of printed paper, energy efficiency measures for ICT, environmentally conscious ICT procurement, proper disposal of electronic waste, and practices of reusing or returning ICT equipment. Findings: The results reveal significant regional disparities. The Warszawski Stołeczny region leads in implementing sustainable ICT practices, underpinned by advanced infrastructure and a high degree of environmental awareness among enterprises. In contrast, regions like Lubuskie and Mazowiecki Regionalny exhibit lower levels of pro-environmental ICT activities, reflecting weaker economic conditions and infrastructure. The research supports the hypothesis of a positive correlation between regional economic development and the implementation of sustainable ICT practices. Research limitations/implications: The study’s limitations include reliance on data from a single year, restricting the ability to identify trends over time. Future research could extend to longitudinal analyses and explore additional variables, such as the influence of regional policies or cultural factors on environmental practices. Practical implications: The findings can guide policymakers and regional authorities in designing targeted interventions to promote sustainable ICT management, especially in less developed regions. Businesses may use these insights to align their practices with regional benchmarks, enhancing both environmental performance and regulatory compliance. Social implications: The research informs policy measures and corporate social responsibility initiatives, ultimately contributing to improved environmental outcomes and public awareness. Originality/value: This study provides a novel regional analysis of sustainable ICT practices in Poland, offering a valuable framework for comparing and improving environmental management across diverse economic landscapes. It is relevant to policymakers, environmental researchers, and business leaders.