Abstract
In the rapidly evolving landscape of global waste management, the disposal and recycling of electronic waste (e-waste) present significant challenges and opportunities, particularly in the context of recovering critical metals essential for various high-tech and green technologies. This paper sets out to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the current practices and technologies deployed in Malaysia for recycling e-waste, with a particular emphasis on the recovery of such critical metals. Our investigation delves into the economic and environmental dimensions of e-waste recycling processes, assessing their viability, sustainability, and the potential impacts on both the local ecosystem and the global supply chain of critical raw materials. The primary aim is to dissect the intricacies of existing e-waste management frameworks in Malaysia, identifying the bottlenecks that hinder the efficient recovery of valuable metals and evaluating the overall effectiveness of these systems in terms of economic returns and environmental conservation. Through this analysis, the paper aims to illuminate the innovative approaches and technological solutions that can be harnessed to enhance the recovery rates of critical metals, thereby reducing the environmental footprint of e-waste and contributing to a more circular economy. Furthermore, the paper seeks to bridge the gap between the current state of e-waste recycling in Malaysia and the ideal, optimized processes that balance economic growth with environmental stewardship. By highlighting the benefits and challenges associated with the recovery of critical metals from e-waste, this study underscores the importance of adopting an integrated approach that encompasses policy reform, technological innovation, and stakeholder engagement. In doing so, it provides a roadmap for Malaysia and similar economies facing the dual challenge of e-waste management and resource scarcity, offering insights into creating sustainable, resilient, and economically viable recycling ecosystems.
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