Electronic Spreadsheet Program Research Articles

Perceptions of telehealth use by PAs post-COVID-19.

Use of telemedicine and remote patient monitoring can provide significant cost savings through improved disease control and reduced exacerbations. This study investigated physician associates'/assistants' (PAs') perceptions of telemedicine to inform future use and expansion of these programs. The Telehealth Usability Questionnaire was completed by 30 PAs recruited via social media. Data were coded and analyzed through an electronic spreadsheet program. PAs generally felt that telemedicine was a helpful tool to increase access to care (M = 4.129) but did not replace in-person visits. Variation in responses related specifically to the platform indicated PAs' varying experiences about ease of use. Findings demonstrated that PAs from a variety of practice settings found telemedicine to be a helpful tool to reduce barriers and improve access to care. However, PAs did not feel that telemedicine replaces in-person visits.

The effects of gamified instructional material on learners’ perceived motivation and academic achievement

Since motivation is known to be a critical factor, approaches, methods, techniques, and materials that would affect motivation positively are utilized in learning and teaching processes. Gamification is used by including game components into teaching processes to enhance students’ motivation, attract their attention to the lesson and boost academic achievement. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of using gamified materials in the instruction of electronic spreadsheet programs on learners’ perceived motivation, academic achievement, and opinions regarding the gamified teaching material. The study was conducted using triangulation in the explanatory sequential design combining qualitative and quantitative research methods. In the fall semester of 2021-2022, the participants consisted of 90 undergraduate students attending the Faculty of Education of a university in Türkiye. Data collection was conducted through personal information forms, instructional materials motivation survey, electronic spreadsheet program achievement test, opinion survey and system records. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, repeated measures analysis of variance and descriptive analyses. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in terms of motivation and academic achievement between the experimental group (using gamified materials) and control group (using videos). It was also seen that the students in the experimental group generally held positive opinions about gamified teaching materials.

Reasons for Delay in Governmental Construction Projects in the Municipality of Kufra, Libya

The research aims to analyze and study the most important reasons for the delay of government construction projects within the municipality of Kufra and its various sources, and to propose solutions to avoid these reasons or reduce their impact on the project, to determine the relative importance of delay factors and to show the arrangement of factors and categories according to their importance at the time of delay. The problem studied is that many building and construction projects face delays in the implementation process within the municipality. Hence, the research question can be formulated as follows: What are the reasons for the delay in the construction project in the city of Kufra? A questionnaire was developed to interview the respondents to assess the reasons for delaying construction projects in the city of Kufra. After that, the questionnaire was distributed to (45) targeted sample who are specialists in the field of construction working in governmental, private and other institutions, including managers of project offices in a number of government sectors that own projects, site managers and engineers. (40) questionnaires that were relied upon in this study were retrieved. The analytical descriptive approach was followed to find out and evaluate the reasons for the delay in the implementation of projects within the municipality by using statistical analysis of the data collected by the electronic spreadsheet program. The analysis included arranging the various reasons according to indicators of relative importance. The analysis revealed the factors and categories most contributing to the delay.

Taxes And The Calculation Of Present Value Of Future Medical Expenses

Abstract No abstract available.

Computer spreadsheets for numerical analysis

This paper illustrates how electronic spreadsheet programs, such as Lotus 1‐2‐3 and Microsoft Excel, can be used for numerical analysis. It begins by considering the nature of spreadsheets with particular reference to their precision and accuracy. It continues with an extended example taken from matrix manipulation which uses both the Jacobi and Gauss‐Seidel iterative methods for solving sets of simultaneous equations. The spreadsheet approach allows users to compare the details of how the two methods work. The paper concludes with a restatement of the advantages of spreadsheets for numerical analysis.

Pseudo-programming (with macros) of accounting spreadsheets

For ease of use, transfer, and potential marketability, business software should be “userfriendly”. Lotus 1-2-3, the dominant electronic spreadsheet program in business, incorporates a pseudo-programming capability that allows tailoring spreadsheet applications accordingly. This article represents an introduction to the programming process. The process makes use of macros that accept user input and print out reports in pre-designed templates, and that can be linked together via a menu of desired applications.

Solving dynamic optimization problems on a personal computer using an electronic spreadsheet

Powerful desk top computers of today combined with the easy to manipulate electronic spreadsheet programs (e.g. Lotus 1-2-3) are being used quite extensively in business applications such as planning, forecasting and accounting. Currently we are also witnessing a proliferation of optimization/operations research related software which can solve reasonable size nonlinear programs (e.g. Eureka: The Solver), linear and integer programming problems (e.g. LINDO), etc. on the IBM-PC microcomputer. Despite the availability of these packages, there seems to be a lack of software for solving dynamic optimization problems, i.e. dynamic programming (DP) and optimal control. The purpose of this paper is to show how easily the Lotus 1-2-3 electronic spreadsheet program can be used to solve discrete state and discrete stage dynamic programs, and discrete time linear quadratic tracking control problems on an IBM-PC.

On the Use of Electronic Spreadsheet Assignments in the Cost Accounting Class

An increasing number of accounting educators are reporting that they use the microcomputer in their classes. Generally, this use has involved templates and has been confined to financial and managerial accounting topics. This study reports the results of an experiment which utilized a student-designed solution to a cost accounting problem. Each of the groups was given a complex process costing problem; one group was required to use an electronic spreadsheet program (LOTUS) to solve the problem, while the other group used the traditional pencil-paper method. Although the LOTUS group improved their performance both absolutely and relative to the pencil-paper group, the difference was not statistically significant. Futhermore, it was found that the attitude of the LOTUS group was not as good as the pencil-paper group with regard to the class or the instructor.

Effect of Milk Pricing Systems on Income over Feed and Variable Costs of Dairy Cattle Breeds

An electronic spreadsheet program using a budgeting procedure was used to compare the effect of protein pricing differentials and cheese yield pricing systems on income over feed and variable costs of the six major dairy breeds. Increasing the protein differentials from $ .03 to .22/45.4kg milk per .1 unit increase in protein percent above 3.2% decreased the difference in income over feed and variable costs between non-Holstein and Holstein breeds. With the prices and assumptions used, the income over feed and variable costs of non-Holstein breeds never equaled or surpassed that of Holsteins. With current milk, feed, and cheese prices, using a cheese pricing system caused a substantial decrease in income over feed costs for Holsteins and decreased the differences between Holsteins and non-Holsteins. Increased cheese prices, increased feed prices, and lowered milk prices also narrowed the differences in income over feed and variable costs between Holstein and non-Holstein breeds. Although changes in the milk pricing system make the non-Holstein breeds more competitive with Holsteins, non-Holstein breeds must produce between 224 and 1539kg more milk with the various milk and feed price scenarios used for the income over feed and variable costs to equal that of Holsteins.

Effect of Increased Production per Cow on Economic Returns

A budgeting procedure using a micro computer-based electronic spreadsheet program was used to determine the effect of increased milk production on income over feed and variable costs, income over total costs, and marginal returns and marginal costs of large and small breeds. Feed costs were calculated from the nutrient requirements of cows using six feed cost scenarios. Variable and fixed costs were estimated using current Ohio Cooperative Extension Service budget data. Milk production per cow ranged from 6363 to 11,818 kg/cow per yr for large breeds and from 4546 to 10,000kg for small breeds. Milk price ranged from $9 to $15 per 45.4kg milk sold. Feed costs ranged from 20.1 to 43.4% of total cost at the extreme feed prices. Income over total costs was positive at either 1) high milk prices and all feed prices or 2) a combination of moderate milk prices and medium or low feed prices. Whenever the income over total costs was positive, the ratio of marginal returns over marginal costs was above 1, indicating it was profitable to feed and manage for higher milk production. The results applied to both small and large breeds.

Economic optimization of culling strategies in swine breeding herds, using the “porkchop computer program”

A computer model, PorkCHOP, has been designed (i) to quantify the benefits of increased lifespan in swine breeding herds and (ii) to optimize the replacement decision for sows with poor productive and/or reproductive performance. The model has been constructed in an electronic spreadsheet program for a microcomputer. It runs with default values, but allows the user to enter other data for all the variables considered, and therefore can easily be adjusted to individual farm conditions worldwide. In addition to research and teaching, the model is suitable for use in the field. PorkCHOP introduces a new economic index to use as a culling guide. This index is called the Retention Pay-Off (RPO), and indicates the total extra profit which retention of a sow is expected to yield over replacement, taking into account the risk of premature disposal. This index makes it possible to rank sows within the herd on future profitability. A value below zero indicates that replacement is the most profitable choice. Furthermore, the index is used to determine when to stop breeding if sows fail to conceive. The current (parity-specific) default values are chosen to be typical of U.S. herds with continuous farrowing and standard management practices. For herds in confinement under these conditions, some of the results obtained were: 1. (1) An economic optimum herd life of 10 parities for average producing sows. 2. (2) An increase in income between $17 and $31 per sow per year if the average parity at removal could be increased from 3.6 to 4.6. 3. (3) A financial loss of $1.33 per day delay in conception. 4. (4) First parity sows with a litter size of even 50% below average should not be culled on economic grounds. 5. (5) Average producing sows in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd parity can fail to conceive at least 3 times before replacement becomes the more profitable alternative. However, if reccurent fertilty problems are expected in future parities too, only 1 re-breeding is economically worthwhile. Sensitivity analyses showed that the results obtained differ according to the price and production circumstances involved. As big differences in these parameters occur between farms as well as between years within farms, a computerized approach such as PorkCHOP can greatly improve management decisions regarding sow-replacement.

Quick Spread Sheet Corporate Models for Strategic Planning

Corporate models can be valuable strategic planning tools. Traditional corporate models are expensive to develop and cumbersome to run. Engineers can now use electronic spread-sheet programs, available on personal computers, to rapidly build corporate models. This paper describes how this is done and tells how to avoid many common difficulties. Two case studies show how important insights can be developed from simple and understandable models.

Electronic spreadsheet program for estimating two-compartment intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters by least squares linear regression analysis

A microcomputer program using an electronic spreadsheet program was developed to calculate pharmacokinetic values of thiacetarsamide sodium, a drug used to kill the adult heartworm ( Dirofilaria immitis) parasite of the dog. A least squares, semilogarithmic regression analysis was done on data using a two compartment intravenous model. The data entered includes the time after injection and the drug concentration at that time. A graph of the points can be viewed or plotted, with the time on the x-axis, and the natural log of the drug concentration on the y-axis. The program was developed on a Televideo (512 kbytes) microcomputers ∗∗ ∗∗ Televideo 1605, MS-DOS, Sunnyvale, California, U.S.A. . The spreadsheet used was Lotus 123 ∗∗∗ ∗∗∗ Lotus 123, Lotus Development Corporation, Cambridge, Massachussetts, U.S.A. with the pharmacokinetics program occupying 16 kbytes of memory (720 cells) out of the 400 kbytes available with Lotus.

Quick Spread Sheet Corporate Models for Strategic Planning

Corporate models can be valuable strategic planning tools. Traditional corporate models are expensive to develop and cumbersome to run. Engineers can now use electronic spread-sheet programs, available on personal computers, to rapidly build corporate models. This paper describes how this is done and tells how to avoid many common difficulties. Two case studies show how important insights can be developed from simple and understandable models.

Construction Management Control with Microcomputers

The development of microcomputers is changing the nature of common construction management functions. The estimating function can now be used with greater ease to simultaneously evaluate the time required to perform different project activities and keep cost data related to cost control. While this procedure was time consuming for manual computation, it could be done in a reasonable amount of time when using microcomputers. This paper discusses the formation of a microcomputer system which can perform the functions of estimating, cost control, and scheduling at the same time. The procedure makes use of productivity of a crew of particular size, the materials and the equipment needed, to generate time data related to scheduling and cost data related to estimating and cost control. The software needed for implementing the system is an electronic spreadsheet program, a data base management program and a time management program available for most microcomputers at a relatively inexpensive cost.

Hotel executive microcomputer use in the United States

With the advent of the microcomputer revolution in the United States, the lodging industry is taking advantage of the new technology. Computerized property management systems for small properties are available at reasonable cost using microcomputers. Both large hotel corporation applications of microcomputers and individual property uses are given. Models for management use of electronic spreadsheet programs for budgeting as well as financial and operational control are shown. The examples use VisiCalc and Lotus 1–2–3. Management training for microcomputer use by the large hotel corporations is also examined. The new technology will hasten the computerization of the lodging industry.