Electronic Catalogs Research Articles

Մատենագիտությունը թվային դարաշրջանում. «Թարգմանչաց արվեստ» շտեմարան

We can prove that today repositories act as unique bibliographic catalogs, with a wider coverage of content and with unlimited search possibilities. They do not reject traditional bibliography, but act as a new format for presenting information. The "Art of Translation" database created by the Fundamental Scientific Library of the NAN RA is the electronic catalogue, which is already serving the purpose for which it was created, to become a large electronic platform for Armenian translators and their translations. As a result of direct cooperation with Wikipedia, information is presented in a wider range.

TECHNOLOGICAL INTEGRATION OF MARKETING IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN OF A TRANSPORT COMPANY

The speed of movement of goods, information and services determines the success and the efficiency of a transport company that wants to meet the needs of the customer. Consumers want better quality services, greater variety of products, more innovation and better service, but at a lower price, and in a shorter time. To fully satisfy the expectations of the consumers, a very large part of the role in business enterprises is played by the supply chain, the management of its processes, and ensuring the efficiency of them. The study involved 8 experts. One of the most important characteristics of experts is competence, therefore experts were required to have competence and experience in the field under investigation. Everyone must have a higher education and work experience of at least 5 years. All experts have 5–10 years of management experience in the supply chain of Lithuanian transport companies and have a higher education. The experts were asked to evaluate the main factors that determine the effectiveness of technological integration of marketing in a supply chain of a transport company. According to the experts’ assessments and calculations, the list of the importance of the main criteria of the impact of marketing technological integrations in the supply chain of a transport company should be arranged in the following order: customer relationship management in the supply chain, fast transmission of the information in the supply chain, electronic auctions in the supply chain, product innovations in the supply chain, and electronic catalogs in the supply chain.

The Third Fermi Large Area Telescope Catalog of Gamma-Ray Pulsars

We present 294 pulsars found in GeV data from the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Another 33 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) discovered in deep radio searches of LAT sources will likely reveal pulsations once phase-connected rotation ephemerides are achieved. A further dozen optical and/or X-ray binary systems colocated with LAT sources also likely harbor gamma-ray MSPs. This catalog thus reports roughly 340 gamma-ray pulsars and candidates, 10% of all known pulsars, compared to ≤11 known before Fermi. Half of the gamma-ray pulsars are young. Of these, the half that are undetected in radio have a broader Galactic latitude distribution than the young radio-loud pulsars. The others are MSPs, with six undetected in radio. Overall, ≥236 are bright enough above 50 MeV to fit the pulse profile, the energy spectrum, or both. For the common two-peaked profiles, the gamma-ray peak closest to the magnetic pole crossing generally has a softer spectrum. The spectral energy distributions tend to narrow as the spindown power Ė decreases to its observed minimum near 1033 erg s−1, approaching the shape for synchrotron radiation from monoenergetic electrons. We calculate gamma-ray luminosities when distances are available. Our all-sky gamma-ray sensitivity map is useful for population syntheses. The electronic catalog version provides gamma-ray pulsar ephemerides, properties, and fit results to guide and be compared with modeling results.

DATA AUGMENTATION METHOD TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY
 OF E-COMMERCE IMAGE RECOGNITION

In the rapidly evolving landscape of e-commerce, the visual representation of products plays a pivotal role
 in engaging consumers and driving conversion rates. This article introduces a new approach for image augmentation
 that includes objects segmentation, dominant color determination, background replacement and realistic
 shadow generation. These steps collectively contribute to the creation of augmented images that are used not only
 in the electronic catalogues but enrich abilities of the neural networks with various and fortified training data. Developed
 system allows to solve problems related to class imbalance and to enhance model generalization as well as to improve the quality of recognition.

Analysis of the influence of the Norwegian Red bull-sires with different breeding value on milk productivity, health, exterior and reproductive traits of daughters

An analysis of the influence of breeding bulls of the Norwegian Red (NR) breeds with different breeding values (BV) on the milk productivity of daughters, their health, reproductive characteristics, udder characteristics, exterior, and indices of productive use. The study material was the data from the electronic catalog of breeding bulls of the NR breed as of April 4, 2023. The sample was formed from the data of only those breeders recommended for reproduction in 2023 by Geno SA. The animals were grouped according to the Total Merit Index (TMI). Breeding bulls with the highest TMI – 53-35 (n = 24) were assigned to the I group, to the II group – with an average TMI – 34-25 (n = 25), and to the III group – bulls with the lowest TMI – 24-10 (n = 22). As a result of the research, it was established that the most significant influence on the indices of productive use of daughters was observed in breeding bulls of the NR breed of the I group (High production index (HPI) – 118.13 % (Р < 0.001), Grazing index (GI) – 110.88 % (Р < 0.05)). According to the TMI index, bulls of the I and II groups prevailed over the sires of the III group, according to their improving effect, on such signs of milk productivity of daughters as milk yield (Р < 0.01), amount of milk fat (Р < 0.05; Р < 0.01) and protein (Р < 0.01; Р < 0.001) and milk productivity index (Р < 0.001 and Р < 0.01) in daughter cows. The greatest improving effect on the udder health of the daughter cows was observed in breeding bulls of the NR breed with TMI 53-35. Bull-sires of groups I and II reduced the number of somatic cells count in the milk of daughter cows by 15.58 and 9.16 %, and bulls of III – only by 3.82 %. Breeder bulls of groups I and III increased milking speed in daughter cows by 4.25 and 1.68 %, and breeders of group II decreased it by 1.96 %. However, the difference was significant only between groups I and II (P < 0.05). Studied breeding sires increased daughters' stature (height) in all groups. Group I sires had the most significant influence on daughters' stature – 114.88, and III group sires had the most minor influence – 102.00. However, the difference was significant between the I and II and I and III groups (Р < 0.05; Р < 0.001). Bull-sires of the I group of the NR breed increased the feet and legs index in daughter cows, as well as the foot angle by 7.58 and 7.38 %, II breeders by 3.48 and 2.48 %, and bulls III reduced these traits in daughters by 0.41 and 0.14 %. The difference between the I and III groups was significant (P < 0.05). Breeder bulls of the NR breed with TMI 53–35 were leaders in improving the udder index of daughters, as well as in reducing its udder depth, strengthening the fore udder attachment, increasing the rear udder width and rear udder height. Therefore, the most significant impact on most of the studied traits was observed in breeding bulls of the NR breed with the highest BV – TMI 53-35. The influence of sires with TMI 53-35 and 34-25 on daughters' milk production was almost the same and improving. However, in terms of the effect on the reproductive characteristics of daughter cows, no significant difference was found between all experimental groups of breeding bulls.

Prerequisites and Methodological Principles of Digital Library Creation in the State Scientific and Technical Library of Ukraine

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the relevance, prerequisites and methodological foundations for creating an electronic library of scientific and technical information in the State Scientific and Technical Library of Ukraine (SSTL). The research methodology is based on a combination of general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis and forecasting, as well as on the use of systemic, informational, structural and functional, comparative, and terminological approaches. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the further development of views on the creation and functioning of an electronic scientific and technical library in the context of the implementation of the principles of open science and open access to scientific and informational resources. Conclusions. The development and implementation of the project on the creation of an electronic scientific and technical information library in the SSTL of Ukraine will contribute to solving a number of important issues, in particular: optimization and expansion of remote access of domestic and foreign users to the documents of the library collection, implementation of virtual reconstruction of scattered collections and funds; informational support for scientific, educational, and production projects; providing access to unique materials – rare books, archival documents, including their special types – patent, regulatory and technical, unpublished; preservation of originals that are at risk of disappearance or damage. Key words: State Scientific and Technical Library (SSTL) of Ukraine, electronic information resources, electronic library, electronic catalogue, full-text databases, scientific and technical information, open access, open science.

SWOT-Analysis of Distant Library and Information Services of Libraries of Higher Education Institutions in Ukraine

The purpose of the article is to conduct a SWOT-analysis of distant services and electronic information resources of libraries of higher education institutions in Ukraine. The research methodology is based on the methods of analysis, synthesis, comprehensiveness of knowledge, generalisation, abstraction, SWOT-analysis. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the SWOT-analysis method was applied to domestic libraries that provide library and information services under quarantine restrictions and martial law. Conclusions. A SWOT-analysis of distant services and information resources of libraries of higher education institutions in Ukraine was conducted. The strengths of the scientific libraries of higher education institutions in Ukraine were found to be the provision of remote services: electronic delivery of documents, virtual reference service, determination of UDC indices and electronic information resources: electronic catalogue, electronic archive of scientific works of university staff (institutional repository), full-text databases and resources available on open platforms. Weaknesses include the lack of the following remote services: online chat; creation and maintenance of a researcher's profile in the ORCID, Google Academy, Scopus Author ID, Researcher ID, ResearchGate services; informing users about new arrivals; editing bibliographies and electronic information services on library websites: book trailers, longreads, podcasts, virtual tours and excursions, audiobooks, virtual exhibitions, digests, new arrivals, virtual reviews, thematic lists. Opportunities include the creation of promising forms of remote services and electronic information resources: creation of digital libraries, introduction of sector-specific recommendation systems, development of a mobile version of the library website and mobile applications of electronic library services, development of specialised applications of electronic library services, development of a system of personal accounts, deployment of blogger and streaming activities, use of new platforms for instant messaging: Telegram, Viber, and social network TikTok. Threats to libraries today include the lack of electricity, overloading of library servers, socio-political instability, and cyber threats. Key words: SWOT-analysis, distant services, electronic information resources, libraries of higher education institutions in Ukraine, messengers, Telegram, Viber, TikTok.

Local Sciences Content of Libraries of Vinnichchina

The purpose of the article is to study the modern content of local history activities of Vinnytsia libraries; to determine the state of research of local history content of Vinnytsia libraries; characterize the components and content of local history work of libraries, which requires a new approach to the processes of preservation of local history funds; to establish the place of local history activity as a leading direction of library work. A complex of research approaches and methods was used to solve the tasks: systemic, activity, historical, socio-communication approaches and methods of scientific analysis and synthesis, the method of comparison, description and measurement, bibliographic. The scientific novelty of the performed work consists in expanding ideas about the quality of local history content in the libraries of Vinnytsia, which is posted on the websites of institutions and forms an understanding of national identity and self-awareness. Conclusions. In the process of research, it was found that the libraries of Vinnytsia play a significant role in the preservation and dissemination of local history content. Local history work occupies an important place in the activities of Vinnytsia libraries: it is familiarization with the history of the native region, instilling interest in history, popularization of local history publications and a local history attribute in the design of libraries, formation of a local history fund and its popularization. Local history content covers diverse types of information about history, culture, nature and people living in Vinnytsia. This line of work was actively continued by Vinnytsia libraries even during the war with various forms of popularization of local history knowledge: from exhibitions-expositions, vernissages, quizzes, historical trips, slide presentations about museum exhibits, about the life and activities of famous regions to local history conferences, literary evenings, interesting meetings with famous people of the region, to the organization of activities of clubs and associations of local historians and holidays of local settlements. Key words: local history content, library local history, formation of cultural awareness, local history electronic catalog.

The main trends in the use of documents in the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation of the Republic of Kazakhstan

According to the state program ‘Archive 2025’ for wide access to archival documents in Kazakhstan the web portal ‘Unified electronic archive of documents was launched’. At the moment, there is no information on the funds of the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation on this site yet, but it is planned to add it to the electronic catalog in the future. For the successful implementation of data on documents stored in the funds of the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation, it is necessary to analyze which types of documents are most popular among the archive users (both in the reading room and when executing information requests by the archive) and which need to be translated into electronic format as a priority, for this purpose, the reports of the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation were studied for the period from 1974 to 2021.

Evaluation of E-Catalogue Drug Procurement with E-Purchasing and Non-E-Purchasing Methods at RSUD Dekai, Yahukimo Regency, Papua Pegunungan Province, Year 2022

Background: In the healthcare service system in the era of health insurance coverage (JKN), the government implemented the drug procurement process based on an electronic catalogue (E-Catalogue) through e-purchasing and non-purchasing methods. The implementation of this system will affect the efficiency of procurement and availability of drugs, which can be assessed through the perception of pharmacists and the implementation of procurement. This study aims to evaluate human resources, budget, regulations, facilities and infrastructure; drug needs planning, drug ordering, contract agreements, delivery or distribution, and the level of drug availability after the implementation of drug procurement with e-purchasing and non-purchasing methods. Methods: This study was conducted at Dekai Regional General Hospital (RSUD), Yahukimo Regency, from January to February 2023. A qualitative case study was conducted by interviewing five informants as respondents. The informant selection was performed using purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using interactive analysis through data collection and conclusion drawing. Result: The results of this study show that human resources in terms of quantity are still insufficient, the budget is sufficient, but there is still unused funding, the regulations regarding e-purchasing procurement have been understood and implemented, and the facilities and infrastructure regarding internet networks are unstable. Drug needs planning using consumption methods and does not have an Integrated Drug Planning Team, drug ordering takes a long time to be respondent to by suppliers, drug distribution takes a long time from suppliers and the expiration dates do not match the contract, resulting in a shortage of certain drugs at RSUD Dekai. The availability of drugs is not in accordance with the indicators set by the Directorate General of Pharmacy and Medical Devices. In response to this condition, the Yahukimo Regency Government, represented by the Head of RSUD Dekai, decided to use the non-purchasing method for E-Catalogue drug procurement. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study reveals several challenges and issues in the implementation of drug procurement using e-purchasing and non-e-purchasing methods at RSUD Dekai, Yahukimo Regency. This includes a shortage of human resources, unused funding in the budget, unstable facilities and infrastructure, suboptimal drug needs planning, delays in drug ordering and distribution, a shortage of certain drugs, and insufficient drug availability. Keywords: Evaluation of drug procurement, e-catalogue, e-purchasing, non-e-purchasing

Opportunities and tools of the Central Scientific Agricultural Library (CSAL) for scientific editors and researchers

The work of the CSAL with scientific agricultural journals is considered. The library has been a collector and caretaker of scientific agricultural journals, ensuring the completeness and safety of sets of scientific agricultural journals from the moment of its creation. It is emphasized that the information resources of the library that provide information support for scientific research can be used by scientific editors for reference purposes. The library’s stock having over 3 million items is a reliable source of various information. The content of the stock is disclosed in electronic information resources of its own generation: bibliographic, abstract and full-text, presented on the library’s website, which has long been a virtual double of the library. The library distributes information presented in scientific journals by publishing information about it in the bibliographic index, abstract database, in the Electronic Scientific Agricultural Library, by presenting the contents of journals in the electronic catalog of journals on its website. The results of monitoring the demand by users of scientific journals by subject and year of publication are presented. The work of the AGRIS center at the CSAL on integration of the results of scientific research published in agricultural journals into the world scientific information space is presented. The role of AGRIS in obtaining and exchanging scientific specialized information is described. It is emphasized that this is the only free international database on agriculture and food that provides abstract and full-text information, and the volume of full-text information is increasing every year.

Study of the Long-term BVR c I c Photometric Variability of Eight PMS Stars in the Young Open Cluster Trumpler 37* *The Photometric Data will be Available in Electronic form Via CDS VizieR Online Data Catalogue.

This paper reports results from our long-term BV(RI) c photometric CCD observations of eight pre-main sequence stars collected from 2008 June to 2022 October. These stars are located in the young open cluster Trumpler 37, in the field of GM Cephei. The observational data indicate that all stars from our study exhibit variability in all-optical passbands, typical for young stars. In this paper, we describe and discuss the photometric behavior of the stars and the possible reasons for their variability. For two of the objects, we identified periodicity in their light variation.

Gifting representations’ analysis in the digital environment of Moscow museums

The article presents the research results of gifting online-representations of 170 museums in Moscow (federal, regional, private). Data collection and its interpretation were structured around the duality of the museum gift as a semantic unit representing the following categories: 1) appeals and requests from museums for different types of property support (new items or monetary donations); 2) gifts previously given to the museum, presented in electronic catalogues. The data collected from the materials of Moscow museums’ websites showed that appeals for assistance to museums, regardless of the type of charity, are the lot of a minority (8–15 %). In turn, 82 museums have systematized electronic catalogues, among them only 13 % clearly distinguish information about the way of items’ arrival and through a gift, including in a separate category of description. Considering a long history of philanthropists’ influence on the formation and development of museums, and evidence of existing museum support practices, the author does not argue about low intensity of donations in museum institutions, but offers to draw a conclusion about the relationship between low articulation of gift intentions and donations in the collections and functioning of the museum field in Moscow, its rules and shared norms.

MARKETING INNOVATIONS IN THE FIELD OF SERVICES

The article pays attention to the theoretical aspects of marketing innovations in the field of services, considers the difference between a product and a service, innovative marketing and marketing innovations, defines their features, highlights the features of a service that affect the difference between service and product marketing, considered the development of the marketing mix in relation to services, defines the directions of application of marketing innovations, their importance and the need for application in the service sector. For a comprehensive consideration of marketing innovations in the field of services, the authors provide the most common examples of the use of marketing innovations and indicate limitations and difficulties in their application. The influence of information and computer technologies and the Internet on the application of innovative marketing technologies in the service sector is analyzed. Attention is paid to the peculiarities of the application of innovative marketing technologies in the field of hospitality services, in the field of tourism, and in the field of financial services. In particular, attention is focused on sensory marketing, neuromarketing, lateral marketing, WOW-call technology, ZMET, the possibilities of digital technologies, such as the combination of 3d panoramas, photos, videos and animations with their application in electronic catalogs, multimedia guides, as well as virtual tours, internet banking and mobile banking, creation of neobanks. The possibilities of innovative technologies when using GDS-systems, CRM, DXP, cloud database systems and digital platforms have been established. The relevance of further research on this issue has been determined.

Electronic Information Resources of Libraries of Higher Education Branch Institutions in Ukraine During the Quarantine Restrictions and Martial Law

The aim of the article is to determine the leader among the libraries of higher education branch institutions in Ukraine in the provision of electronic information resources.
 Research methods. The study used the following methods: synthesis, complexity, comparative analysis, comprehensiveness of knowledge, information diagnostics, generalization, abstraction, systematization, as well as statistical, survey-analytical and benchmarking methods; systemic, functional, social and communication, critical and constructive approaches.
 Scientific novelty consists in determining the set of electronic information resources provided by libraries during quarantine restrictions and martial law, which allows to establish a leader library among book collections of higher education branch institutions in Ukraine, the experience of which is necessary to analyze and spread to other book collections.
 Main conclusions. Websites of libraries in higher education branch institutions of Ukraine were studied. A comparative analysis of electronic information resources of libraries during quarantine restrictions and martial law was carried out. The research made it possible to determine the leader among the libraries of higher education branch institutions in Ukraine in providing users with information resources during quarantine and martial law. It turned out to be the library of Kyiv University named after Borys Grinchenko. The library provides its users with a number of remote electronic information resources: an electronic catalog, an institutional repository, audio books, virtual exhibitions, a new accession in the form of presentations, full-text collections of rare publications and B. Grinchenko’s works, a test access to scientometric platforms and databases: Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, Bentham Science, ScienceDirect, a corporate electronic library Alpina Digital. It is appropriate for the leading library to share its experience with other book collections.

Local Knowledge Electronic Resources Development as a Priority Field of Ukrainian Public Libraries Activity

The aim of the article is to analyze the formation of local knowledge electronic resources as a priority field of public libraries activity in Ukraine.
 Research methods of the article grounded on general scientific principles of objectivity and systematicity, complexity and comprehensiveness of knowledge. The use of formal-logical and social-communication approaches contributed to the achievement of the set goal.
 Scientific novelty consists in substantiating the importance of intensifying the work on the formation of local knowledge electronic resources by Ukrainian public book collections, which will become an important component of the National Electronic Library of Ukraine in future.
 Main conclusions. Management of local knowledge electronic resources is an urgent issue for all public libraries of the country. That is why it is extremely important to focus attention on the questions of forming consolidated electronic catalogs, elaborating a mechanism for electronic ibraries integration, and preparing a unified plan for digitization of local history publications. Nowadays, it is necessary to ensure an effective coordination and communication between the leading libraries of the state for the preparation of a single plan of current and planned projects, definition of the development strategy, and provision of practical recommendations for the further formation of local knowledge electronic resources. The unification of all electronic libraries of the country into an integrated corporate system “The National Electronic Library of Ukraine” will contribute to the optimization of costs for its formation in future, as well as increase the effectiveness of communication processes organization. Thanks to the creation of this interactive digital space, there will occur more opportunities for implementing various models of the country’s information space functioning, including libraries, archives, and museums. This new innovative paradigm involves electronic, service and partnership models of work. It will also cause to strengthening the sense of unity with the entire information community, increase motivation to contribute to the development of the library sphere.

Genesis of scientific research directions in dentistry: on the materials of dissertation research

BACKGROUND: In 2022, a new passport of the specialty 3.1.7 Dentistry has been introduced with new lines of scientific research; however, no content analysis of previous studies over a long period has been made.
 AIM: To examine the genesis of scientific research lines based on dissertation materials in the specialty 14.01.14 (14.00.21) Dentistry in 28 years (19932020).
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study analyzed dissertation abstracts (19932020) published in the electronic catalogs of the Russian State Library, Russian National Library, and Central Scientific Medical Library. The results were checked for the normalcy of the location of markers. Arithmetical means and their errors are presented in the text. The development of scientific research lines has been explored statistically, and a second-order polynomial trend was built.
 RESULTS: The study identified 5773 dissertation abstracts in the specialty 14.01.14 (14.00.21) Dentistry, submitted to the dissertation councils of the USSR (Russia) in 19932020. They accounted for approximately 5.8% of all medical dissertations in Russia. In total, 610 (10.5%) dissertations for the doctor of medicine and 5163 (89.5%) for the candidate of medicine were found. The average annual array was 206 15, including candidate ones with 184 14, and doctorate ones with 22 1. Moreover, 24.2% of the works were at the science intersection (in two specialties). Generally, polynomial trends in the number of dissertations and indicators of scientific research lines were associated with inverted U-curves with maximum data in 20042009, and with data decrease in the last monitoring period, it generally reflected the training development of highly qualified specialists in Russia.
 CONCLUSION: The content analysis of the dissertations revealed the genesis of dentistry-leading knowledge, which can help scientists avoid parallel or dead-end studies when planning their work.

Digitization of the scientific library of ZVO: current state and prospects

The article is devoted to the issue of digitalization of scientific libraries of higher education institutions. The publications were investigating the current state and prospects of Ukrainian libraries digital transformation, university libraries were actually analyzed. It is proved that digitization determines the vector of development of the university library, significantly affects the model of library activity, the transformation of the traditional functions of the scientific library.
 There are some examples of storage and renewal of traditional library funds, and ensuring their availability with the help of digital technologies in the scientific library of Kharkiv National Pedagogical University named after H.S. Skovoroda.
 The areas of international cooperation and partnership with world libraries and institutions which are working in the field of digital technologies were analyzed. Special attention was paid to the possibility that scientists can use international databases Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, resources of the Research4Life platform in the libraries of higher education institutions.
 It is emphasized some advantages of digitalization of libraries of higher education institutions, such as: a convenient access to information for library users, increasing the range of library services, open access to the digitized rare and valuable publications, effective use of library space, wide use of library resources, increasing the amount of online library users.
 The role of the digital presence of the library of Kharkiv National Pedagogical University named after H.S. Skovoroda (electronic catalogue, electronic archive of the university, information and search resource "Scientometric profiles of scientists", etc.) in the educational and scientific space of the university has been specified. Ways of cooperation with Ukrainian libraries and institutions working in the field of digital technologies were considered. The effectiveness of popularizing scientific library resources through social networks has been proven.
 The importance of improving the efficiency of higher education libraries through changes to access information was emphasized.

PENGARUH EFISIENSI PEMESANAN, KEMUDAHAN PEMASARAN, DAN PENETAPAN HARGA PADA PENGGUNAAN E – KATALOG TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN UMKM DI KABUPATEN MAGETAN

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia are one of the priorities in national economic development. MSMEs struggle to compete in a very dynamic business environment. Responding to competitive pressures, many MSME entrepreneurs use digital platforms to improve business strategies. One of the government programs developed is a procurement system based on an information system that contains lists, types of technical specifications, and prices of goods contained in a list called an electronic catalog.(e-catalogue).This study aims to determine the partial and simultaneous effect of ordering efficiency, ease of marketing and pricing on the use of e-catalogues on the development of MSMEs in Magetan Regency. The population in this study are e-catalogue providers and consumers in Magetan Regency. The sample in this study amounted to 30 providers e-catalogue. The method used in sampling is Non Probability Sampling selected is withSaturated Sampling .The research instrument used a questionnaire. Data analysis techniques used the classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, analysis of the coefficient of determination, and hypothesis testing using the t test and F test with the help of the IBM SPSS 25 program. The results of this study indicated that partially and simultaneously ordering efficiency, ease of marketing and determination prices have a significant effect on the development of MSMEs in Magetan Regency.

Visual skills essential for rugby.

Keen vision is one of the most important qualities required of athletes. It enables players to perform sports-related drills and apply decision-making skills. To accurately measure the visual ability of athletes, it is important to first identify the variety of visual skills involved in the particular sport. The objectives of this novel review are to identify the most important visual skills required for rugby, and to create a reference point for further studies to include visual skills essential to rugby players. We conducted an electronic search with various combinations of relevant keywords using the following databases: Sport Discuss, Ovid's Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews, PubMed/MEDLINE, Current Contents, Science Direct, the National Research Council's Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Google Scholar, and international electronic catalogues to assess the scientific literature related to the visual skills required for rugby. Only the records published in English were included. We extracted data on the relationship between vision and match performance, the defined problem or purpose of the study, and the inclusion of theoretical definitions of tactical behaviors. Our search yielded 80 records, 51 of which fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The most important visual skills in rugby are classified based on whether they meet the requirements for visual hardware or visual software skills. Visual hardware skills include visual acuity, depth perception, fusion flexibility, and contrast sensitivity; visual software skills include eye tracking, hand-eye coordination, eye focusing, peripheral vision, speed and span of recognition, visual response time, and visual memory. Rugby players must use both visual hardware and software skills to reliably observe their teammates' positions, understand their opponents' actions and tactics, handle the ball, analyze the immediate circumstances, and anticipate what will occur. Further studies are needed to verify the significance of each visual skill in actual competition to determine a relationship between vision and the results of a championship.