The Bi2VO2Se nanocomposite was successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. The physical and chemical properties of photocatalyst sample were characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy. The nanocomposite showed the band-gap (Eg) 2.38 eV. To evaluate the photocatalytic efficiency of a synthesized composite, Congo red (CR) and Methylene blue (MB) dyes were used as organic pollutants. The Bi2VO2Se photocatalyst was found to degrade CR dye with degradation efficiency of 92.7% in 50 min, while MB dye degraded only 38% in 50 min when exposed to direct sunlight. Due to its optimal optical stability and consistency, the Bi2VO2Se photocatalyst might be promoted as a cost-effective photocatalyst for practical uses. The results indicated that suitable optical absorption, better efficiency separation, and decreased electron-hole interaction due to the nanocomposite effect are all factors that contribute to enhanced photocatalytic activity.