Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties Research Articles

Plasma-Driven Conversion of 2D Graphene into 3D Pouch for Improved Electromagnetic Absorption Performance.

Graphene-based materials are ideal for electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials (EAMs) due to their strong electrical and dielectric losses with reduced thickness and weight. To enhance the electromagnetic wave absorption performance of these materials, additional components are often incorporated. However, this approach not only increases the complexity of the synthesis process but also complicates and destabilizes the control of the material properties. In this study, we successfully employed a one-step method to reduce graphene oxide and transform 2D graphene into a 3D pocket-like structure through plasma treatment. This unique 3D structure is induced by the formation of uneven defects on the surface due to plasma treatment. The distinctive pouch-like structure of the reduced graphene oxide achieved remarkable electromagnetic wave absorption properties. Specifically, the material demonstrated a minimum reflection loss of -38.65 dB at 7.14 GHz, with an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.13 GHz and a thickness of just 1.9 mm. These results highlight the potential of plasma processing as a rapid, efficient, and environmentally friendly approach for the continuous production of advanced EAMs, paving the way for greener manufacturing practices in the industry.

Enhanced Electromagnetic Wave Absorption in Hexaferrite/LSMO Bilayers: Optimization of Structural Design Using a High Frequency Software Simulation

In this study, the electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption properties of a two-layered structure composed of La<sub>0.7</sub>Sr<sub>0.3</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub>-epoxy (10 wt.%) (LSMO) and SrFe<sub>9.5</sub>Co<sub>1.25</sub>Ti<sub>1.25</sub>O<sub>19</sub>-epoxy (10 wt.%) (SFCTO), both exhibiting distinct high-frequency magnetic and dielectric properties, were investigated using a High Frequency Simulation Software (HFSS) simulation tool. LSMO had a high dielectric constant (ε' >30) within the measurement range (0.1-18 GHz), indicating that dielectric loss mechanisms primarily contribute to EM wave absorption. In contrast, SFCTO is a material capable of significantly absorbing EM waves near 10 GHz due to ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). The simulations were validated by comparing the measured and simulated reflection losses (RL) of an unpatterned LSMO/SFCTO bilayer. The RL spectra were examined by varying the layer thickness and pattern size in three configurations: a continuous LSMO/SFCTO structure, a cross-patterned LSMO on SFCTO, and a square-patterned LSMO on SFCTO. In the continuous LSMO/SFCTO structure, tunable absorption frequency bands were achieved by adjusting the layer thickness. However, it was difficult to achieve broadband absorption due to the reflective characteristics of the high dielectric LSMO layer. The cross-patterned LSMO structure on SFCTO demonstrated broader bandwidth absorption, with layer thickness being more influential than pattern width. The square-patterned LSMO on SFCTO exhibited the best broadband EM wave absorption (max Δ<i>f</i> = 7.39 GHz). These results suggest that broader absorption is achievable by partially covering the high-dielectric layer with patterns on a hexaferrite sheet.

Lightweight, thermally insulating SiBCN/Al2O3 ceramic aerogel with enhanced high-temperature resistance and electromagnetic wave absorption performance

Owing to tunable dielectric properties, light weight and high porosity, polymer-derived SiBCN ceramic aerogels possess significant application prospects in electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption and thermal insulation. However, due to inadequate oxidation resistance, the structural collapse and performance deterioration of SiBCN aerogels will easily occur in high-temperature aerobic environments, limiting their application. Herein, to address this issue, a novel and straightforward strategy based on typical polymer-derived-ceramic (PDC) aerogel method and impregnation with boehmite sol was proposed for synthesizing SiBCN/Al2O3 composite ceramic aerogels. The microstructure, phase composition, thermal insulation, oxidation resistance and EMW absorption properties of SiBCN/Al2O3 ceramic aerogels were investigated. The resulting SiBCN/Al2O3 composite aerogel demonstrates superior high-temperature structural stability, exhibiting an ultra-low linear shrinkage of only 6.5 % following heat treatment at 1200 °C for 2 h in air. Additionally, the composite aerogel shows a low thermal conductivity of 0.039 W/mK and a low density of 0.112 g/cm3. The SiBCN/Al2O3 composite aerogel, composed of dielectric SiBCN, conductive free carbon, and insulating alumina, demonstrates outstanding EMW absorption properties with a minimum reflection loss of −48.6 dB and an effective bandwidth of 5.8 GHz. The enhanced microwave absorption performance is mainly attributed to the improved impedance matching, multiple reflection, and enhanced interfacial polarization resulting from the introduction of Al2O3. Given prominent oxidation resistance, thermal insulation and EMW absorption properties, the SiBCN/Al2O3 composite aerogel paves the way for developing microwave absorption and thermal insulation integrated material in high-speed vehicles.

In situ formation SiC nanowires on loofah sponge-derived porous carbon for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption

A lightweight, heterogeneous, three-dimensional network-structured composite has been meticulously developed with the specific goal of optimizing impedance matching and elevating electromagnetic wave absorption properties. SiC nanowires-carbon composites were synthesized through a novel process involving combined carbothermal reduction and chemical vapor deposition, utilizing loofah sponge as the foundational material. Accessible and cost-effective organosilane waste was applied as the silicon source. The resulting composites manifest exceptional electromagnetic wave absorption performance with a minimum reflection loss of − 46.34 dB and a wide effective bandwidth of 3.84 GHz at a thin thickness of 1.9 mm. Superior electromagnetic wave absorption is attributed to synergistic interplay of multiple interfacial polarizations, dipole polarization, conductive losses, and multiple reflections and scattering. This work presents an innovative pathway toward fabricating highly efficient electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials while effectively repurposing recycled waste.

Shape-Tunable Vanadium selenide/reduced graphene oxide Composites with Excellent Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Performance

The tunable energy gap and distinctive layered configuration of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) has sparked considerable interest in their capabilities for electromagnetic wave absorption. As a significant TMD, vanadium selenide (VSe2) is characterized by a superior electrical conductivity (1 × 10-3 S/m) and an expanded interlayer distance, which are advantageous for electromagnetic wave absorption performance. Nevertheless, the current research on VSe2 in electromagnetic wave absorption is relatively limited. In this study, flower-like VSe2 and shape-tunable VSe2/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composites were fabricated via a simple solvothermal method, and the effect of their morphology on electromagnetic wave absorption performances was investigated. The VSe2/rGO composites exhibited remarkable electromagnetic wave absorption properties at a thickness of 2.01 mm, with a reflection loss value (RL) of up to -79.50 dB, and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.2 GHz (1.45 mm). This research has identified a novel approach to the study of TMDs in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption.

Dual-oxides confined carbonyl iron enabling superior electromagnetic wave absorption and anticorrosion performance

With the increasing requirements of electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption, developing EMW absorbers with high-efficiency anti-corrosion performance which can be effectively applied in extreme corrosive environments is imperative and constitutes a hot issue in the current research. Herein, based on the composition modulation of ZrO2 and SiO2 layer, the dual-oxides confined carbonyl iron (CI@ZrO2/SiO2) composite displays a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −48.58 ​dB@1.9 ​mm and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 7.62 ​GHz@1.6 ​mm. Besides, the CI@ZrO2/SiO2 displays superior corrosion resistance with corrosion current density (icorr) of 8.62 ​× ​10−7 A/cm2 and polarization resistance (Rp) of 3.64×105 ​Ω. This work proposes a strategy to optimize the broadband EMW absorption properties as well as the mass production toward the corrosion resistance applications.

Fabrication and electromagnetic wave absorption modulation of high-performance (TaNbTiV)₂AlC MAX phase

Electromagnetic (EM) wave technology is widely used in both military and civilian applications, increasing interest in EM wave absorption materials for information security and environmental protection. This study examines the synthesis and EM wave absorption properties of M-site compositional complex MAX phase (TaNbTiV)2AlC. Using Ta, Nb, Ti, V, Al, and graphite powders, pure (TaNbTiV)2AlC was synthesized at 1400 °C. SEM and EDS confirmed homogeneous elemental distribution and morphology, while TEM and SAED analyses revealed the atomic structure. EM wave absorption was tested using (TaNbTiV)2AlC/paraffin wax composites with varying (TaNbTiV)2AlC content in the 2–18 GHz range. The main attenuation mechanisms identified were interfacial polarization, dielectric loss, and conductive loss. Optimal absorption was achieved at 30 vol% (TaNbTiV)2AlC, with a reflection loss of −43.83 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 3.49 GHz. The study demonstrates that the control of establishing a “near-conductive network” of fillers could be advantageous in achieving optimal electromagnetic wave absorption performance using fillers possessing high electrical conductivity, such as MAX phase materials.

Multifunctional ANF/ CNT/FCIP aerogels with superior sound and electromagnetic wave absorption and mechanical properties

Aerogels exhibit bright prospect for multifunctional applications in noise reduction, radar stealth, load bearing, etc. Existing aerogels however suffer from poor sound absorption at low frequencies, narrow-band electromagnetic wave absorption and low structural strength. Here, we propose a novel lightweight aerogel composed of aromatic polyamide nanofiber (ANF)/ carbon nanotubes (CNT)/ flake carbonyl iron powder (FCIP) to boost acoustic/electromagnetic absorption and mechanical performance simultaneously. The FCIP additives create surface roughness and enlarge the pore size of the aerogel. As a result of the enhanced viscous energy dissipation by surface roughness and better impedance match achieved due to the enlarged pores, sound absorption at low frequency is significantly improved. Besides, the electrically and magnetically conductive network generated by embedded FCIP brings about effective electromagnetic absorption covering the whole X-band. Moreover, the aerogels undergo an increase in skeleton thickness and pore size by FCIP, resulting in maximum compressive stress increment. Our study provides clear guidance for the performance enhancement of aerogels that advances the development of aerogels for multifunctional applications.

Influence of carbon nanotubes on the absorption performance and mechanical behavior of basalt fiber composite materials

AbstractBasalt fibers (BF) are widely used in shipbuilding due to their excellent corrosion resistance. However, basalt fibers do not possess good electromagnetic wave absorption properties, failing to meet the stealth performance requirements of ships. Therefore, this study focuses on basalt fiber composite materials, modifying the matrix by adding different amounts of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Carbon nanotube‐basalt fiber‐epoxy resin absorptive composite materials are prepared using Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) technique to investigate the influence of CNT content on the materials. Samples with added CNTs can effectively absorb electromagnetic waves in the low‐frequency range, reducing surface reflectivity. In the high‐frequency range, the impedance matching value of the samples initially increases slowly. When the CNT content reaches 1.5 wt%, at a thickness of 2.5 mm and a frequency of 9.6 GHz, the minimum reflection loss of the sample is −14.40 dB, with an effective absorption bandwidth of 0.7 GHz. Also, CNTs can enhance the mechanical properties of composite materials. With increasing CNT content, both the bending strength and tensile strength of the composite materials are improved. When the CNT content reaches 1.5 wt%, the average tensile fracture strength of the material increases by 21%, and the bending strength increases by 9%.Highlights Enhanced low‐frequency electromagnetic wave absorption from CNTs and reduced polarization. Improved impedance matching and attenuation at high frequencies with CNTs. Significant enhancement in flexural and tensile strength due to CNTs and basalt fibers.

Engineered Core-Shell SiC@SiO2 Nanofibers for Enhanced Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Performance.

To enable SiC material to achieve high electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance, solving its impedance mismatch with EMW is necessary. Therefore, a novel approach is proposed for the precise control of impedance matching by adjusting the shell thickness of SiO2 nanolayers on the surface of SiC nanofibers (NFs). High-angle annular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) reveals the atomic scale oxidation process of SiC, providing fresh insights into the oxidation mechanism. By oxidizing to construct a heterogeneous core-shell structure nanofiber (NF) can effectively lock the incident EMW inside the NF through the generated charges gathered at the interface, forming an electronic barrier that prevents the outward propagation of EMWs. The produced SiC@SiO2 NFs-3 exhibits exceptional EMW absorption properties, including an impressive minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of -53.09dB and a broad maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EABmax) of 8.85GHz. These findings not only deepen understanding of the oxidation mechanism of SiC but also offer valuable insights for further enhancing the EMW absorption capabilities of SiC materials, paving the way for their application in advanced EMW technologies.

Mesoporous carbon spheres modified with atomically dispersed iron sites for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption

Carbon materials have obtained some achievements in electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption owing to their excellent electrical conductivity and low density. However, poor impedance matching and high electrical conductivity limit their EMW absorption properties. Metal single atoms absorbers have garnered considerable attention in EMW absorption, largely due to the high metal availability and special coordination structure, but the modulation of the EMW absorption properties still needs to be improved. Herein, atomically dispersed Fe sites embedded into the N-doped mesoporous carbon spheres (Fe–SAs/NC) were synthesized through a facile coordination-assisted polymerization assembly strategy without acid leaching treatment. Benefitting from abundant mesoporous structure, the Fe–SAs/NC displays large specific surface area (339 m2 g−1) and optimized impedance matching, which results in an effective reduction of the absorber density. The homogeneously dispersed Fe single atoms (Fe–SAs) on the carbon skeleton lead to the improvement in conduction and dipole polarization losses of Fe–SAs/NC, which endows Fe–SAs/NC with exceptional EMW absorption properties. Experimental results indicate that Fe–SAs/NC displays desirable EMW absorption properties with the minimal reflection loss of −52.5 dB at 2.8 mm and the effective absorption bandwidth of 4.8 GHz. The study provides valuable insights for the development of carbon materials modified with atomically dispersed metal sites to achieve high-efficient EMW absorbers.

Hierarchical Engineering on Built‐In Electric Field of Bimetallic Zeolitic Imidazolate Derivatives Towards Amplified Dielectric Loss

AbstractConstruction of built‐in electric field (BIEF) in nanohybrids has been demonstrated as an efficacious strategy to boost the dielectric loss by facilitating oriented transfer and transition of charges, thus optimizing the electromagnetic wave absorption property. However, the specific influence of BIEF on interface polarization needs to explore thoroughly and the BIEF strength should be further augmented. Herein, several dielectric systems incorporated Mott–Schottky heterojunctions and hollow structures are designed and constructed, where bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate framework are employed to derive Cu‐ZnO Mott–Schottky heterojunctions, and hierarchical structures and BIEF are further enriched by introducing hollow structure and reduced graphene oxide. The well‐established “double” BIEF verified by theoretical calculation and hollow engineering can regulate the conductivity, and enhance the polarization relaxation effectively. Especially, there always coexisted both enhanced charge separation and reversed charge distribution in this “double” BIEF, boosting the interface polarization. Attributing to the synergy of well‐matched impedance and amplified dielectric loss, the obtained hybrids exhibited superior absorption (reflection loss of −46.29 dB and an ultra‐wide effective absorption bandwidth of 7.6 GHz at only 1.6 mm). This work proves an innovative model for dissecting dielectric loss mechanisms and pioneers a novel strategy to explore advanced absorbers through enhancing BIEF.

Construction of 2D/2D heterostructure with porous few layer g-C3N4 and NiCo2O4 nanosheets towards electromagnetic wave absorption

Developing high-performance materials with ultra-high reflection loss (RL ≤ -65 dB) for electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption is pivotal to address electromagnetic pollution, but it is still challenging. Herein, a two-dimensional (2D)/2D PFL g-C3N4/NiCo2O4 heterostructure with porous few-layer g-C3N4 (PFL g-C3N4) and ultrathin NiCo2O4 nanosheets has been prepared by self-assembly, hydrothermal reaction, and calcination strategies. The 2D/2D heterostructure exhibits extraordinary EMW absorption property, achieving a reflection loss (RL) value of -68.59 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 1.92 GHz at a matching thickness of 2.5 mm. As expected, the porous few layer g-C3N4 nanosheets provide rich interface which increases multiple reflection paths and enhances the conduction loss. The cooperative effects of magnetic loss, dielectric loss, and impedance matching contribute to the exceptional EMW absorption property of PFL g-C3N4/NiCo2O4 (2D/2D) heterostructure. The potential of PFL g-C3N4/NiCo2O4 in actual radar stealth is verified through radar scattering cross-section (RCS) simulation. This work paves the way for utilizing 2D/2D heterostructure as an ultra-efficient EMW absorbers.

Thermally insulated C/SiC/SiBCN composite ceramic aerogel with enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption performance

Thermal insulation and electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption integrated materials with lightweight are highly desirable in hypersonic vehicles and military application, as they provide both aerodynamic heat resistance and EMW stealth capability. Herein, a C/SiC/SiBCN ceramic composite aerogel was developed using a novel strategy combining in situ chemical vapor deposition of SiC nanofibers with the polymer-derived ceramic (PDC) aerogel method. The microstructure, phase composition, thermal insulation, mechanical properties and EMW absorption performances of the composite aerogel were thoroughly investigated. The resulting C/SiC/SiBCN composite aerogel with three impregnation-pyrolysis cycles demonstrates improved mechanical properties, with the compressive strength increasing from 0.21 MPa to 0.48 MPa compared to pure SiBCN aerogel. Additionally, the composite aerogel shows a low thermal conductivity of 0.049 W/mK and a low density of 0.116 g/cm3. Moreover, the C/SiC/SiBCN composite aerogel exhibits outstanding EMW absorption properties, achieving a minimum reflection loss of -45.7 dB and an effective bandwidth of 5.3 GHz. Owing to the integration of EMW absorption and thermal insulation properties, the C/SiC/SiBCN composite aerogel offers promising potential for developing integrated microwave absorption and thermal insulation materials for high-speed vehicles.

Synthesis and high electromagnetic wave absorption performance of carbon-enriched porous SiOC ceramics

The carbon-enriched porous SiOC ceramics with enhanced electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption properties were synthesized through the hydrothermal method followed by a polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) process. As the annealing temperature rises from 1200 °C to 1500 ℃, SiC and SiO2 crystals are gradually separated from the porous amorphous SiOC matrix, and the degree of graphitization of free carbon increases. The porous SiOC ceramics annealed at 1400 °C exhibit the presence of SiC, SiO2, turbostratic graphite, and amorphous SiOC phases, which significantly impact the impedance matching and attenuation constant of the material. The minimum reflection loss (RLmin) value of the SiOC ceramics reaches −67.98dB with a matching thickness of 3.19mm and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) is 4.45GHz at 1.39mm. The carbon-enriched porous SiOC ceramics with strong absorption capacity and wide absorption bandwidth are primarily owing to appropriate impedance matching and multiple attenuation mechanisms, such as conduction loss, interfacial polarization, and defect-induced polarization, indicating that the SiOC ceramics exhibit significant potential as a high-performance EMW absorbing material.

One-step fabrication of a novel fiber-based absorber for flexible, tunable and boosted microwave absorption

The increasingly intricate electromagnetic environment necessitates higher anti-electromagnetic interference capabilities for electronic devices, thereby demanding a flexible absorbing material that can adapt to multiple forms, is lightweight, and exhibits excellent electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption properties. In this study, we have developed a novel flexible absorbing material (FAM) based on glass-coated amorphous magnetic fibers (SFs) and Dallenbach-like absorbing structures through wet forming technology. By combining high-performance absorbing fiber with textile structures, the FAM demonstrates EMW absorption performance along with lightweight flexibility and shape adaptability. This paper explores the influence of process parameters in wet forming technology on FAM formation; as well as examines the construction of broadband absorbers through structural optimization. A single-layer FAM with a thickness of 1.7 mm (SFs length 8 mm, content 3 g/m2) achieves an impressive reflection loss (RL) value of −60.1 dB at 11.6 GHz. Furthermore, optimized multi-layer FAM attains effective absorption bandwidth (EAB: RL ≤ −5 dB) across a wide range from 3–14 GHz. This work presents a new approach for developing ’lightweight, thin, wide, and strong’ absorbing materials based on fiber and textile structures which holds significant implications for civilian electromagnetic interference protection as well as military electromagnetic stealth technology.

Microstructure and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of FeCo/graphene composites prepared by electrical wire explosion method

Microstructure and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of FeCo/graphene composites prepared by electrical wire explosion method

Structural modification of mesoporous lanthanum oxide into 3D coral-like and nano needle-like structure for effective broadband microwave absorbing materials☆

Structural modification of three dimensional (3D) materials for the application of dielectric loss-based microwave absorbing materials (MAMs) usually relies on intricate synthesis process and can pose challenges in terms of scalability and mass production for practical application. In this work, we reported a successful attempt in modifying the 3D structure of mesoporous lanthanum oxide (La2O3) for effective broadband MAMs candidate via simple co-precipitation process. The inclusion of cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and hydrothermal aging treatment result in a significant transformation of La2O3 particles from their original polygonal form to a 3D coral-like and nano needle-like structure. The utilization of CTAB and hydrothermal aging results in the increase of surface area and a two-fold increase in pore volume of the resulting La2O3. Due to its unique 3D structure, the 3D coral-like and nano needle-like La2O3 materials possess a broadband electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption characteristic with the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) covering the C-band frequency range. Specifically, in the La2O3 C-H sample (with CTAB – with hydrothermal), it exhibits strong EM wave absorption with a reflection loss (RL) value of –33.07 dB which equals to 99.95% EM wave absorption at a thickness of only 1.50 mm. The detailed analysis of EM wave absorption properties reveals that the improvement of La2O3 materials to attenuate EM wave energy arises from the dielectric loss phenomenon, the enhanced interfacial polarization, multiple reflections mechanism, and conduction loss mechanism induced by the 3D structural formation of the La2O3 structure. This work proposes a novel and efficient approach in synthesizing and modifying 3D materials for effective broadband EM wave absorption.

Multi-dimensional, multi-interface Fe3C/carbon sheets/carbon tubes nanoarchitecture towards high-performance microwave absorption

The serious problem of electromagnetic (EM) interference brings growing demand for developing high-performance electromagnetic shielding materials. In this study, three-dimensional (3D) Fe3C/carbon/carbon tubes (Fe3C/C/CT) absorber with multi-heterointerface was prepared by a facile self-propagating followed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) strategy. Initially, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were anchored onto carbon nanosheets through the self-propagating process. After different etching times with diluted acid, CTs with diverse dimensions and quantities were catalyzed by the modified Fe3O4 catalysts during the CVD approach and grown from the carbon sheets. Such a special nanoarchitecture, which consists of carbon sheets and carbon tubes, acts as the source of dielectric loss. Meanwhile, Fe3C nanoparticles provide magnetic loss, and the abundant interfaces facilitate synergistic electromagnetic loss. Moreover, large numbers of heterointerfaces from the unique multidimensional nanoarchitecture significantly enhance the impedance matching and produce abundant dipole polarization. Ultimately, with etching time of 30 min, the Fe3C/C/CT-30 achieves excellent electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption property with a minimum reflection loss of −46.4 dB at 10.56 GHz with a thickness of 3.0 mm. When the thickness is 3.57 mm, the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) can extend up to 4.48 GHz. Moreover, the practical application of the absorbers was evaluated using radar cross-section (RCS) simulation, indicating that Fe3C/C/CT-30 achieves a maximum RCS reduction value of 58 dBm2. The multi-dimensional and multi-heterointerface absorber presented in this work might offer valuable insights for optimizing electromagnetic absorbers.

Microstructure Design and Dimensional Engineering of Nanomaterials for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption and Thermal Insulation.

Multifunctional materials integrated with electromagnetic wave absorption (EWA), thermal insulation, and lightweight properties are urgently indispensable for the flourishing advancement of space technology, which can simultaneously prevent electromagnetic detection and resist aerodynamic heating. To achieve excellent synergistic EWA and thermal insulation performance, the elaborate regulate the microstructure and dimension of nanomaterials has emerged as a captivating research direction. However, comprehending the structure-property relationships between microstructure, electromagnetic response, and thermal insulation mechanisms remains a significant challenge. Herein, a comprehensive perspective focuses on the microstructure design encompassing various dimensions of nanomaterials, providing a comprehensive understanding of correlations among structure, EWA, and thermal insulation. First, the cutting-edge mechanisms of EWA and thermal insulation are elaborated, followed by the relationship between the dimensions of nanomaterials. Moreover, the synergistic design methods of EWA and thermal insulation are explored. Lastly, this review summarizes the corresponding shortcomings and issues of current EWA-integrated thermal insulation materials and proposes breakthrough directions for the creation of materials with superior performance.