Electrochemical Reduction Method Research Articles

STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF THE CHANGE IN THE APPLIED POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE ON THE PROPERTIES OF CdSe: Ni THIN FILMS

This work is devoted to the study of the efficiency of using the effect of nickel doping of thin films based on CdSe with the possibility of varying the structural and optical properties due to a change in the phase composition of the films. The method of electrochemical reduction of metal ions from aqueous solutions of electrolytes was chosen as a method for obtaining films. The variation of the applied potential difference was used to produce films with different characteristics. To characterize the properties and dynamics of their changes, methods of atomic force microscopy, energy dispersion analysis and X-ray diffraction were chosen. The strength mechanical properties of the films were studied using the indentation method. During experiments conducted dependencies of changes of structural, optical, strength characteristics of synthesized films depending on production conditions are obtained. Photocatalytic tests to determine the rate and efficiency of decomposition of the Rodamine B organic dye showed that films in the composition of which the NiSe phase prevails have the greatest potential for use as photocatalysts.

Palladium-Nickel Electrocatalysts on Nitrogen-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for Direct Hydrazine/Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cells

In the present work, nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide-supported (NrGO) bimetallic Pd–Ni nanoparticles (NPs), fabricated by means of the electrochemical reduction method, are investigated as an anode electrocatalyst in direct hydrazine–hydrogen peroxide fuel cells (DHzHPFCs). The surface and structural characterization of the synthesized catalyst affirm the uniform deposition of NPs on the distorted NrGO. The electrochemical studies indicate that the hydrazine oxidation current density on Pd–Ni/NrGO is 1.81 times higher than that of Pd/NrGO. The onset potential of hydrazine oxidation on the bimetallic catalyst is also slightly more negative, i.e., the catalyst activity and stability are improved by Ni incorporation into the Pd network. Moreover, the Pd–Ni/NrGO catalyst has a large electrochemical surface area, a low activation energy value and a low resistance of charge transfer. Finally, a systematic investigation of DHzHPFC with Pd–Ni/NrGO as an anode and Pt/C as a cathode is performed; the open circuit voltage of 1.80 V and a supreme power density of 216.71 mW cm−2 is obtained for the synthesized catalyst at 60 °C. These results show that the Pd–Ni/NrGO nanocatalyst has great potential to serve as an effective and stable catalyst with low Pd content for application in DHzHPFCs.

Silver/poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene hydrogels for wound dressing applications: Understanding the mechanism of silver, antibacterial agent release

AbstractLong‐term wound healing and chronic wound care represent significant challenges for biomaterials science and engineering with many diverse requirements for the wound dressing properties, as well as antibacterial efficacy and antibacterial agent release to prevent and treat persistent infections. Silver nanoparticles, as a wide‐spectrum antibacterial agent that does not induce bacterial resistance, are very convenient for use as an active component in antibacterial hydrogel wound dressing materials with the controlled release ability. In this work, we aim to perform a comprehensive analysis of silver release from poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based hydrogels with electrochemically synthesized antibacterial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), aimed for wound dressing applications. Different AgNPs concentrations were loaded in hydrogel matrices using the green electrochemical reduction method, and thus synthesized nanocomposite hydrogels were characterized by different techniques (scanning electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry), in order to assess their physico‐chemical and thermal properties. Silver release was monitored for 28 days in physiologically‐relevant conditions (phosphate buffered medium, pH 7.4, 37°C). The obtained experimental data were evaluated against several theoretical release models (Korsmeyer‐Peppas, Higuchi, Makoid‐Banakar, Kopcha, and early‐time approximation), which confirmed the predominantly diffusion‐controlled mechanism of release. Finally, AgNP‐loaded hydrogels were assessed for antibacterial activity againstStaphylococcus aureusTL andEscherichia coliATCC25922 bacterial strains, to prove their strong potential for wound dressing applications.

Fabrication of onion-like fullerene nanostructure film by electrochemical reduction

Onion-like fullerenes possess distinctive physical and chemical performance, and thus are believed to have great significance in theoretical study and engineering applications. In this exploratory research, we introduced a novel way, namely electrochemical reduction method performed in aqueous solution at room temperature and very low voltages, for preparing a film composed of onion-like fullerene nanostructures. The method was discovered by accident. During the preparation of thick Cr coating by electrodepositing from Cr (III) electrolyte, a layer of black film was found at the interface between the steel substrate and Cr coating. XPS analysis shows that the main element contained in the film is C. The results from Raman spectrum, HRTEM and SAED reveal that the carbonaceous film is composed of the nanostructures roughly having onion-like fullerene unit. This means with significant advantages has the potential to develop into a practical technique for fabricating carbonaceous films or coatings.

THE FORMATION OF AN ELECTRICAL DOUBLE LAYER IN ACID AND NEUTRAL WATER SOLUTIONS ON THE 3-5 dm METALS

The rate-limiting steps of the electrolysis of water solution, taking into account hydrogen evolution overpotential were considered. A functional relationship between the electrical resistivity of 3–5 dm metals and their quantization energy of atomic electrons, as well as the coordination of metal atoms and hydrogen compounds, has been revealed. The rule of selecting effective metals for cathodes has been validated. Based on these rules, a reduction-relay mechanism of the hydrogen migration process in the electrical double layer in the electrochemical reduction of TiO2+ ions to Ti3+ and Fe3+ to Fe2+ in sulfuric acid process solutions for the production of pigment titanium dioxide was proposed. The method of the multistage electrochemical reduction of Fe3+ and [TiO2+ * nH2O] in process solutions for the production of titanium dioxide was design based on this study.

Engineering of electrocatalyst/electrolyte interface for ambient ammonia synthesis

AbstractAmmonia is not only an important platform chemical for industrial and agricultural use but is also a novel energy‐carrying molecule. The electrochemical reduction method for ambient ammonia synthesis is emerging as a promising strategy for the replacement of the current Haber–Bosch ammonia synthesis method, which consumes a large amount of energy and natural gas (hydrogen resource) while releasing substantial greenhouse gases (eg, carbon dioxide). The challenges in electrochemical ammonia synthesis, also known as nitrogen reduction reaction, primarily include the cleavage of extremely stable N≡N bonds and the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction in routine aqueous media, which significantly leads to a low production rate and Faradaic efficiency. The rational design and engineering of the electrocatalyst/electrolyte interface are crucial to address these challenges. Herein, recent achievements for catalyst/electrolyte interface engineering are reviewed to provide insights into enhancing the production rate and Faradaic efficiency. Perspectives on future research and development of the electrochemical ammonia synthesis from theory to practice will be provided.

Investigation on the Synthesis and Chemical Properties of Nanomaterials

Nanoscience is assumed to have capability to change the efficiency of the current electronic and electrical devices. So nanotechnology is being developed to achieve the same. Various kinds of nanomaterials are being prepared such that they show tremendous properties at the nanoscale dimensions. Hence, it is worth studying about the synthesis of nanomaterials. The information that we present in this paper corresponds to a basic review on the synthesis and recent work done on nanomaterials. The distinctness of this review is that, the classification and major types of nanomaterials has been reported. The literature was collected through internet, from various available sources. The synthesis methods that have been discussed are sputtering, hydrothermal, microwave assisted, and electrochemical and chemical reduction methods.

Partial photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of 3-pyridinemethanol by Pt, Au and Pd loaded TiO2 nanotubes on Ti plate

The photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) oxidation of 3-pyridinemethanol to 3-pyridinemethanal and vitamin B3 was investigated by using Pt, Au and Pd loaded (as single or bimetallic) nanotube structured TiO2 on Ti plate in water under UVA irradiation. Nanotube structured TiO2 on Ti plate samples were prepared as anode by anodic oxidation method in ethylene glycol solution in different times, and then they were calcined at 500 °C to be obtained in crystalline form. The anodes were loaded with noble metals by electrochemical reduction method and characterized by XRD, XPS, SEM, and photocurrent techniques. The TiO2 on the plates was in the anatase phase. The loaded metals were in metallic form and heterogeneously dispersed on the TiO2 surface in different sizes. The results indicate that a high amount of metal loading negatively affected the PEC activity of the metal loaded samples because UVA irradiation inside the nanotubes was inhibited by the presence of the metal. On the contrary, low amount of Pd showed high PEC activity and high product selectivity values with respect to the pristine sample. PEC experiments were also more selective than the photocatalytic ones for vitamin B3 production. Electrocatalytic (EC) and photocatalytic (PC) experiments were also conducted, however no or low activity was obtained, respectively. PEC experiments showed to be more selective than the PC ones for vitamin B3 production.

Electrochemical Synthesis of Cauliflower-Like PtPd@PVF Nanocatalyst for Electrooxidation of Methanol

In this study, a bimetallic catalyst consisting of Pt and Pd nanoparticles supported on poly(vinylferrocene), i.e., PtPd@PVF was electrochemically prepared on pencil graphite electrode to improve the catalytic properties of previously developed Pt@PVF catalyst. K2PtCl4 and K2PdCl4 were used as the metal precursors in order to disperse the Pt and Pd onto the conducting polymer support by cyclic voltammetry technique. Electrochemical and chemical reduction methods were compared for the reduction of Pt and Pd complexes. The prepared catalyst system was electrochemically characterized by cyclic voltammetry. Physical characterization of the catalyst was performed by recording scanning electron microscopy images and energy dispersive X-ray spectrum. The PtPd@PVF catalyst showed superior catalytic activity towards electrooxidation of methanol compared to the monometallic Pt/PVF catalyst.

Inline electrochemical reduction of NISTmAb for middle-up subunit liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis.

Disulfide bond reduction within antibody mass spectrometry workflows is typically carried out using chemical reducing agents to produce antibody subunits for middle-down and middle-up analysis. In this contribution we offer an online electrochemical reduction method for the reduction of antibodies coupled with liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS), reducing the disulfide bonds present in the antibody without the need for chemical reducing agents. An electrochemical cell placed before the analytical column and mass spectrometer facilitated complete reduction of NISTmAb inter- and intrachain disulfide bonds. Reduction and analysis were carried out under optimal solvent conditions using a trapping column and switching valve to facilitate solvent exchange during analysis. The level of reduction was shown to be affected by electrochemical potential, temperature and solvent organic content, but with optimization, complete disulfide bond cleavage was achieved. The use of an inline electrochemical cell offers a simple, rapid, workflow solution for liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of antibody subunits.

Nitrogen-doped graphene supported copper nanoparticles for electrochemical reduction of CO2

Increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere causes a negative impact on the global climate. Utilization of CO2 into value-added chemical products by electrochemical reduction method has attracted great attention to reduce the CO2 emissions and achieve net-zero carbon footprints. Herein, we report a nanostructured electrocatalyst consisting of N-doped graphene (NGN) supported Cu nanoparticles (Cu NPs) with high catalytic activity for electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR). The electrocatalyst was optimized for loading of Cu NPs on NGN. The physico-chemical properties of electrocatalysts were studied by SEM, TEM, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, etc. Characterization results show that the high loading of Cu (30 wt. %) increases the size of Cu NPs due to agglomeration of particles. ECR experiments were carried out in a two-compartment electrochemical cell. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to analyze the liquid products. Amongst all tested electrocatalysts, Cu20/NGN shows the highest activity for ECR in the entire potential range studied. It gives a total 54 % Faradaic efficiency at -1.0 V (vs. RHE) for the liquid products. The study also demonstrates that the electronic and structural properties of the electrode were improved by the addition of Cu NPs on NGN surface, which in turn enhanced the performance of the catalyst as confirmed by potential-controlled electrocatalysis.

Mechanism on BiVO4 photoanode photoelectrochemical performance improving: Based on surface electrochemical reduction method

In this work, a typical BiVO4 photoanode is employed to explore the performance improving mechanism by surface electrochemical reduction. Corresponding results demonstrate some new information that nanoparticle-like amorphous layer is formed on the surface of BiVO4 and its thickness is positive correlation with the SER force. Furthermore, Scanning Kelvin probe results indicate that the Fermi level of the amorphous layer is shifted positively, inducing a homojunction built-in electric field between the amorphous layer and the bulk BiVO4. The transfer ability of photogenerated holes from the bulk to the surface of photoanode can enhance obviously. In addition, due to the quasi-oxygen vacancy defects in the amorphous layer, the enhanced hydrophilicity improves the PEC performance synergistically. However, as the thickness of amorphous layer increasing, it raises the migration time and secondary recombination rate of the photogenerated carriers. Therefore, a controllable amorphous surface and PEC performance of BiVO4 photoanode can realize by adjusting the SER force.

Robust enhanced hydrogen production at acidic conditions over molybdenum oxides-stabilized ultrafine palladium electrocatalysts

Electrochemical water splitting is quite seductive for eco-friendly hydrogen fuel energy production, however, the attainment of highly efficient, durable, and cheap catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remains challenging. In this study, molybdenum oxides stabilized palladium nanoparticle catalysts (MoOx-Pd) are in situ prepared on commercial carbon cloth (CC) by the facile two-step method of dip-coating and electrochemical reduction. As a self-supported Pd-based catalyst electrode, the MoOx-Pd/CC presents a competitive Tafel slope of 45.75 mVdec−1, an ultralow overpotential of 25 mV, and extremely long cycling durability (one week) in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte, superior to unmodified Pd catalysts and comparable to commercial Pt mesh electrode. On the one hand, the introduction of MoOx can inhibit the growth of Pd particles to obtain ultrafine Pd nanoparticles, thus exposing more available active sites. On the other hand, density functional theory (DFT) calculation revealed that MoOx on the surface of Pd metal can regulate the electronic structure of Pd metal and enhance its intrinsic catalytic activity of HER. This work suggests that transitional metal nanoparticles stabilized by molybdenum oxides are hopeful approaches for obtaining fruitful hydrogen-producing electrocatalysts.

CO2 to Formic Acid Using Cu-Sn on Laser-Induced Graphene.

Converting CO2 into fuels and other value-added chemicals via an electrochemical reduction method has recently attracted great interest. However, there are still challenges to find suitable catalysts with high selectivity toward the formic acid formation. Here, we report the bimetallic CuSn-based catalyst to reduce CO2 to formic acid by optimizing the ratio of Cu to Sn to achieve the optimal selectivity. The catalyst is generated on laser-induced graphene. Among the catalysts, CuSn-4 with Cu/Sn atomic ratio close to 1:2 shows a faradaic efficiency of 99% toward formic acid with a high partial current density of 26 mA/cm2. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that OCHO* intermediate formation is more favorable than that of COOH* on Sn sites, while OCHO* intermediate formation is moderate on Cu sites. The synergetic catalytic effect between Cu and Sn would further favor HCOOH formation. This study provides significant insight into the mechanism of formic acid formation.

Advances in photocatalytic and electrocatalytic removal of chlorinated volatile organic compounds

<p indent=0mm>Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (Cl-VOCs), including chlorinated alkanes, chlorinated alkenes and chlorinated aromatic compounds and so on, is a typical kind of environmental pollutants. Due to their significant characteristics of high volatility and poor degradability, they can be transported over long distance and existed in the environmental medium for a long time. In addition, compared with ordinary VOCs, Cl-VOCs show a high toxicity and an obvious effect of mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. Most of the Cl-VOCs have been listed as priority pollutants, and were monitored and controlled strictly. Therefore, the development of efficient purification and transformation technology for Cl-VOCs has attracted great attention all over the world. At present, a large number of Cl-VOCs purification and transformation technologies have been developed for different conditions and purposes, including recovery technologies (adsorption, absorption, membrane separation and condensation), destruction technologies (incineration, catalytic oxidation, photocatalytic degradation and biodegradation) and conversion technologies (dechlorination). For different types, concentrations and emission sources of Cl-VOCs, each technology shows different advantages and limitations. Among them, photocatalytic degradation and electrocatalytic dechlorination technologies have attracted extensive attention due to their advantages of highly catalytic efficiency, economic and environmental processes, and mild reaction conditions. Photocatalytic degradation mainly uses clean solar energy to stimulate the electronic transition of semiconductor materials, the excited electrons and generated holes reacted with adsorptive species on the material surface to form strong radicals. The Cl-VOCs molecules are attacked by the radicals and mineralized into inorganic molecules, like CO₂, H₂O and so on. Therefore, it is one of the most promising purification technologies for Cl-VOCs. The key of the development of photocatalytic degradation technology is the preparation of advanced photocatalysts. To accelerate the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes and improve the utilization of light energy, a series of photocatalysts have been developed, such as noble metal catalysts, transition metal catalysts and nonmetallic catalysts. Generally, the photocatalytic performance of catalyst is significantly influenced by the crystal structure, micro structure and electronic structure. Therefore, the methods of regulating physicochemical properties, semiconductor compounding (heterojunction), element doping have been used to design advanced catalyst. Furthermore, the analysis of the intermediate products and the prediction of possible degradation pathway can help us to understand the degradation reaction of Cl-VOCs. The highly environmental toxicity of Cl-VOCs mostly comes from the Cl group. The harm to environment will be greatly reduced if the Cl groups can be effectively removed. At the same time, the highly-valuable dechlorinated products can be recycled. Therefore, reductive dechlorination has become one of the most promising detoxification and remediation technologies for Cl-VOCs. Due to the high reduction potential of C−Cl bond, photocatalytic reduction of Cl-VOCs is difficult, and electrocatalytic reduction is regarded as the main method for dechlorination. According to the involved reductants, electrochemical dechlorination can be generally divided into direct electrochemical reduction method and electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination method. The developing of high performance electrocatalysts and exploring the reaction mechanism are the key points of electrochemical dechlorination technology. This paper aims to comprehensively introduce the research progress of photocatalytic degradation and electrocatalytic dechlorination technologies for Cl-VOCs purification and transformation, providing reference for the effective treatment and resource utilization of Cl-VOCs. Based on this, the mechanism of catalytic reaction and the factors affecting the activity of catalysts were summarized, which provided ideas for the rational design of advanced catalysts. Finally, the potential development trends and research directions in the field of Cl-VOCs purification and transformation were prospected.

Multi-Level Model Reduction and Data-Driven Identification of the Lithium-Ion Battery

The lithium-ion battery is a complicated non-linear system with multi electrochemical processes including mass and charge conservations as well as electrochemical kinetics. The calculation process of the electrochemical model depends on an in-depth understanding of the physicochemical characteristics and parameters, which can be costly and time-consuming. We investigated the electrochemical modeling, reduction, and identification methods of the lithium-ion battery from the electrode-level to the system-level. A reduced 9th order linear model was proposed using electrode-level physicochemical modeling and the cell-level mathematical reduction method. The data-driven predictor-based subspace identification algorithm was presented for the estimation of lithium-ion battery model in the system-level. The effectiveness of the proposed modeling and identification methods was validated in an experimental study based on LiFePO4 cells. The accuracy and dynamic characteristics of the identified model were found to be much more likely related to the operating State of Charge (SOC) range. Experimental results showed that the proposed methods perform well with high precision and good robustness in the SOC range of 90% to 10%, and the tracking error increases significantly within higher (100–90%) or lower (10–0%) SOC ranges. Moreover, to achieve an optimal balance between high-precision and low complexity, statistical analysis revealed that the 6th, 3rd, and 5th order battery model is the optimal choice in the SOC range of 90% to 100%, 90% to 10%, and 10% to 0%, respectively.

Electrochemical Immobilization of Silver Nanoparticles in a Polymethylolacryalmide Matrix

The possibility is studied of electrochemical synthesis of a nanocomposite of polymer/silver nanoparticles. The composite was formed in two stages including synthesis of a polymethylolacrylamide film by electropolymerization and the further immobilization of silver nanoparticles in a polymer matrix using the method of electrochemical reduction of metal ions to Ag0 in a film impregnated by AgNO3 solution. Physical, chemical, electrochemical, and catalytic characteristics of hybrid materials are studied. The presence of Ag0 in the polymer is confirmed both visually and using the methods of X-ray phase analysis, plasmon resonance, scanning electron microscopy, energy–dispersive and atomic absorption analysis. The optimum modes of electrochemical immobilization of Ag0 nanoparticles in the polymer are determined. The effect of the potential sweep rate, number of cycles and AgNO3 concentration on the completeness of reduction of Ag+ and amount of silver immobilized in the composite is studied. It is found that electroreduction of Ag+ to Ag0 occurs predominantly in the first cycle. The method of small–angle X-ray scattering is used to obtain the functions of silver particle distribution by radii. It is established that the average diameter of Ag nanoparticles is about 20 nm. It is found that polymer methylolacrylamide films containing silver nanoparticles manifest electrocatalytic activity towards hydrogen peroxide.

Alkali cation incorporated MnO2 cathode and carbon cloth anode for flexible aqueous supercapacitor with high wide-voltage and power density

Aqueous supercapacitor with the character of cost-effective and environmental-friendly has been regarded as the promising energy storage device. However, the operating voltage of aqueous supercapacitor is usually limited by the electrochemical stability of water, which greatly hinders their application and development. Such a limitation may be surpassed by increasing the over-potential of oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction. Herein, metal cation inserted MnO2 nanosheets supported on carbon cloth substrate were prepared via electrochemical activation, which can stably work as cathode in an expended positive potential window of 0–1.3 V (vs SCE). To complement this wide potential positive electrode, K+ was adsorbed onto an activated carbon cloth via electrochemical reduction method. As anode, K+ adsorbed activated carbon cloth displayed extended negative potential window of −1.2-0 V (vs SCE) due to the adsorption of K+ effectively prevented the hydrogen evolution reaction. A 2.5 V aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor was assemble based on Na–MnO2@CC cathode and KACC anode, delivering the maximum energy density of 475.7 μWh/cm2 and power density 5 mW/cm2 as well as exceptional cycling performance and excellent flexibility.

Preparing electrodes with highly reduced graphene oxide load for supercapacitors by dropping-electrochemical reduction

In this work, electrodes based on reduced graphene oxide for supercapacitors are prepared via a simple and environmental friendly electrochemical reduction method. The carbon fiber felts (CFFs) with a bunch of carbon fibers (CFs) sewn in them are used as substrates to load the graphene oxide (GO) suspension, and the GO sheets loaded on the CFFs are then reduced by constant voltage method to obtain the electrode (ErGO/CFF-CFs). By studying the effect of different ErGO loadings on the electrode's performance, we can find that when the mass loading is 2.5 mg cm−2, the assembled capacitor has the best overall performance in KOH/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel electrolyte. According to the two-electrode system, the capacitance of the optimized electrode can reach 334.7 mF cm−2 (133.9 F g−1) at 2 mV s−1. The specific capacitance of the device can get 167.4 mF cm−2 (33.5 F g−1) at 2 mV s−1 and the energy density of the cell can reach 20.5 μWh cm−2 (4.1 Wh kg−1) at 0.2 W cm−2 (49.3 W kg−1). Additionally, after 10,000 cycles, the device's capacitance can still maintain 96.1% of the initial capacitance. Furthermore, the testing results show that the devices also exhibit excellent electrochemical performances when H2SO4/PVA is used as electrolyte. This method can be used as a convenient route to produce electrode with large amount of rGO load.

Технології комплексоутворення в системі краун-етер – KO2 –розчинник, як один з методів отримання стабільної форми аніон-радикалу кисню

Study of reactions of obtaining anion-radical of oxygen: one-electron oxygen reduction and complex formation in the system of crown-ether - potassium superoxide - solvent. Investigation of the possibility of regulating the activity of two different supramolecular structures containing oxygen anion radical to create new antioxidant systems. The oxygen anion radical in solution was obtained by the method of electrochemical oxygen reduction, as well as by complexation in the system of crown ether – potassium superoxide – solvent. The amount of oxygen radical anion obtained was monitored spectrophotometrically using a high-quality reaction with tetrazolium blue and the potentiometric method using an exchange reaction with butyl bromide. The activity of two different supramolecular structures containing oxygen anion radical is compared. It is shown that in the transition from the chemical method of generation of oxygen anion radical to electrochemical, the activity of the anion radical in the reaction with alkyl halide increases slightly. Spectrophotometrically and potentiometrically determined the kinetic parameters of the electrochemical oxygen reduction in the aprotic medium, as well as the process of complexation in the system of crown ether – potassium superoxide – solvent. The activity of two different supramolecular structures containing anion-radical of oxygen with the (Crown-K)+ and (tetraethylammonium)+ ions in reaction with propyl bromide in acetonitrile was compared. The conducted studies allow us to choose the optimal mode and structure of the complex - the sources of oxygen anion radical, depending on the task and goals of the experiment. The study of the complexation reaction in the system of crown ethers - potassium superoxide - solvent, along with the electrochemical method of obtaining active oxygen, is necessary not only in terms of obtaining the most stable form of oxygen anion radical, but also the creation of model systems that allow to analyze the mechanisms and patterns of the processes in biological systems. The obtained results indicate the prospect of using the investigated supramolecular complexes containing oxygen anion radical to create new antioxidant systems that can be used as new classes of antioxidants for engineering, medicine and pharmacy purposes.