electro-Fenton Method Research Articles

Study of Oxidative Degradation and Mineralization Kinetics and Oxidation Products of Ofloxacin in Water via Electro-Fenton Method with Pt Anode, and Biodegradation Optimization

Study of Oxidative Degradation and Mineralization Kinetics and Oxidation Products of Ofloxacin in Water via Electro-Fenton Method with Pt Anode, and Biodegradation Optimization

Evaluation of Electro-Fenton Process for Removal of Amoxicillin from Simulated Wastewater

<p>The purpose of this work is to examine the efficiency of the Electro-Fenton process (Fenton oxidation) for the elimination of amoxicillin from simulated wastewater through response surface methodology (RSM). The effect three operating parameters that were selected for this evaluation were electrolysis time, hydrogen peroxide concentration, and the current density. The Electro-Fenton method was assessed by a set of experiments that were designed using the Box-Behnken model. The results conclude optimum parameters conditions, at 30 min electrolysis time, 30 ppm H2O2, and current density 2 amps by fixing the other two parameters; 20 ppm concentration of amoxicillin and pH of 3. The maximum removal efficiency at these conditions was 98.11%. The mathematical model concluded has a high correlation coefficient (R2= 98.3). Depending on the results, the Electro-Fenton process has proven an excellent method for the elimination of antibiotics from wastewater.</p>

An Overview of Environmental Catalysis Mediated by Hydrogen Peroxide

The use of hydrogen peroxide (produced in situ or ex situ) as the main agent in oxidative processes of environmental pollutant removal is widely studied. The degradation of water pollutants, such as dyes, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, petroleum derivatives, and even pathogens, has been successfully obtained by different techniques. This review gives an overview of the more recent methods developed to apply oxidative processes mediated by H2O2 and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) in environmental catalysis, with particular attention to the strategies (Fenton-like and Bio-Fenton, photo- and electro-catalysis) and the materials employed. A wide discussion about the characteristics of the materials specifically studied for hydrogen peroxide activation, as well as about their chemical composition and morphology, was carried out. Moreover, recent interesting methods for the generation and use of hydrogen peroxide by enzymes were also presented and their efficiency and applicability compared with the Fenton and electro-Fenton methods discussed above. The use of Bio-Fenton and bi-enzymatic methods for the in situ generation of ROS seems to be attractive and scalable, although not yet applied in full-scale plants. A critical discussion about the feasibility, criticalities, and perspectives of all the methods considered completes this review.

Laboratory study of the silica removal in water by electro-Fenton method: Effect of operational parameters

The objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the removal of silica from water, when using the electro-Fenton (EF) advanced oxidation process. In this laboratory study, tests were carried out varying the following parameters: pH, current density, reaction time, monopolar system vs bipolar system, inter-electrode distance. A percentage removal as high as 95% at near neutral pH was obtained after 40 min operating time using a bipolar arrangement of the electrodes. Desilication was found to increase with the increasing applied current density. Maximum removal of silica was observed at near neutral pH.

Study on the mechanisms of DMP degradation by electro-Fenton method modified by single atomic-Co doped carbon-based catalyst

Electro-Fenton technology is an advanced oxidation process for phthalic acid esters (PAEs) that builds upon traditional Fenton technology, enhancing its efficiency, selectivity, and flexibility. Thus, cobalt-doped carbon-based catalyst (Co@NSC) were prapered via melamine doped by cobalt (Co) and calcinated at high temperature, and showed excent mesoporous structure (mainly range from 1.3 to 16 nm), high surface area (223.26 m2/g) and big pore volume (0.392 cm3/g). And the result of electrochemical performance test showed that the two-electron oxygen reduction ability of the material can be effectively improved in the case of Co doping. DMP can be degraded within 30 min by using Co@NSC as an electro-Fenton cathode, with excellent degradation efficiency (100 %) and total organic carbon (TOC) mineralization rate (about 40 %) even under the optimal conditions. The exploration of the mechanism demonstrated that OH and 1O2 were the main contributors. According to density functional theory (DFT) theoretical calculation and liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer(LC-MS) results, the vulnerable site and degradation path of DMP were reasonably speculated. The ecotoxicity evaluation of the degradation products showed that the the toxicity of DMP has been significantly reduced during degradation process by Co@NSC electro-Fenton. Thus, Co@NSC is a cost-effective and promising catalyst, in which all the metal sites were utilized while the cost of metal were significantly minimized.

AN OVERVIEW OF ELECTRO-FENTON TECHNOLOGY FOR ORGANIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT: OPTIMAL CONDITIONS AND ELECTRODES SELECTION

Several conventional methods have been employed to eliminate numerous types of pollutants from domestic and industrial wastewater. Electrochemical techniques are one of these treatment methods used in wastewater treatment. Electro-Fenton technology (EFT) is one type of electrochemical technique. The present review paper aims to provide readers with extensive information about the EFT general definitions, terminologies, mechanisms, fundamental conditions, and statistical analysis based on the published articles for the recent years. The core findings of this work proved that the EFT is more applicable for removing organic contaminants than inorganic ones because of the affinity degree between the adsorbents formed in the reactor and the pollutants. The most important conditions of this technology are the type of anode, the applied current, and the period of the treatment process. The development of the conventional cathode electrode was the most interested field in the literature. The advantages of EFT provide the ability to perform it as a primary or secondary treatment process with other conventional treatment processes. The statistical analysis shows that 68% of the selected cited articles achieved a high performance of EFT when it has performed alone while 32% of these cited articles attained the best performance of EFT in the integrated system with other technologies. The electro-Fenton method is a promising technology to treat wastewater, especially that involving organic pollutants

Removal Of Sumifix Yellow EXF Reactive Azo Dye By Electro-Fenton Method

Reactive dyes can be found in large quantities in textile industry wastewater due to their widespread use for dyeing cotton fabrics and their durable nature. In the treatment of wastewater containing dyestuffs in this class, advanced treatment methods have become necessary due to the inadequacy of conventional treatment methods and their disadvantages. For this reason, electro-Fenton, an electrochemical advanced oxidation method, is a strong alternative as a treatment technology that provides complete disintegration of dye molecules. In this study, the electro-Fenton method was used to treat model wastewater containing the reactive azo dye Sumifix Yellow EXF. The electro-Fenton process is based on the in situ generation of hydroxyl radicals (⦁OH), a strong oxidant, using Fe2+ and H2O2 released at the electrodes or added from outside. In the electrochemical cell used, carbon fiber was used as the cathode and iron was used as the anode. While Fe2+ ion was produced at the anode, H2O2 was added to the cell externally. In the experiments carried out at room temperature, a 250 mL glass beaker was used as a reactor. In the study, the optimization of the parameters was achieved by using the classical experimental design method. According to this method, one parameter is changed and other parameters are kept constant. In order to achieve the highest dyestuff removal, experiments were conducted by varying the voltage (5–10 V), H2O2 concentration (9–74 mM), Na2SO4 concentration (6–25 mM), and pH (3-5), and the impact of these factors on dye removal and energy consumption was evaluated. It was found that for the best dye removal, voltage is 7.5 V, the H2O2 concentration is 74 mM, the Na2SO4 concentration is 25 mM and the optimum pH value is 4. At these values, 98.14% removal at 30 minutes was achieved with an energy consumption of 7.98 Wh/L. The electro-Fenton method was found to be a highly effective approach for wastewater treatment and environmental remediation, showing remarkable dye removal efficiency with reasonable energy consumption under optimized conditions.

Removal and mineralization of prednisolone from water by using homogeneous and heterogeneous electro-Fenton processes

Prednisolone (PRD) is a popular synthetic corticosteroid medication that discharging it into wastewater raises potential environmental issues. In terms of treatment methods, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), such as the electro-Fenton (EF) process, have been proposed as a potential option. This study investigates the removal of PRD from aqueous media using both homogeneous and heterogeneous EF processes. A reduced graphene oxide/Tin (IV) oxide/stainless steel mesh (rGO/SnO2/SSm) composite system was prepared as the cathode electrode, and a reduced graphene oxide/magnetite/cotton fabric (rGO/Fe3O4/CF) composite system was prepared as the heterogeneous catalyst. The optimization of process parameters for each system was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM). The removal efficiencies of PRD were determined under optimal conditions. The homogeneous EF process achieved an 83.79% removal efficiency, while the heterogeneous EF process achieved a 74.62% removal efficiency. The properties of the heterogeneous catalyst and the cathode electrode were investigated using SEM, XRD, FT-IR, CV and EDX analyses. GC-MS and TOC analyses were performed to evaluate degradation intermediates and mineralization efficiency. The stability and reusability of the heterogeneous catalyst and the synthesized cathode electrode were evaluated. These findings offer insightful information about the use of EF methods for PRD removal.

Fabrication of novel Fe2O3/MXene cathode for heterogeneous electro-Fenton degradation of sulfamethoxazole

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a widely used antibiotic drug in medical applications resulting in its ubiquity in water and wastewater. Most of the treatment processes are inefficient in destroying SMX in water. The heterogeneous electro-Fenton (EF)process shows promise in the non-selective degradation of antibiotic drugs in water and wastewater. Fe2O3/MXene-x (x is the ferric ion loading) was fabricated on 2D MXene carriers by hydrothermal method. The Fe2O3/MXene-x substrates were characterized by electron microscopic, X-ray, and molecular spectroscopic methods. Degradative products of SMX were identified by free radical quenching and LC-MS measurements. Electron micrographs show that Fe2O3 particulates are uniformly distributed on MXene nanosheets. Fe2O3/MXene-x coated graphite was used as a cathode with titanium anode for in situ generation of H2O2 required to produce free radicals (e.g. ·OH and ·O2–) to destroy SMX. Three possible SMX degradation routes by the electro-Fenton process were proposed. SMX and intermediates are eventually mineralized as CO2 and H2O. The new electrocatalyst shows reduced metal ions leaching and good stability in repeated use cycles. This work offers a new electro-Fenton method to destroy antibiotic drugs in water and wastewater.

Electrochemical Treatment of Emulsified Oil Wastewater Using Fe-Si-B Amorphous Alloy Technology

As Fenton reagents, Fe-based amorphous alloys have achieved good results in the treatment of dye wastewater. However, it is rarely reported how to exert the high activity and high adsorption capacity of those amorphous alloys to treat the oily wastewater with more complex components. In this article, Fe78Si8B14 amorphous ribbon was used as the anode and graphite as the cathode to degrade a kind of emulsified oil wastewater by the electro-Fenton (EF) method. The catalytic degradation under such processing parameters as current density, pH values, and H2O2 concentration was investigated. The catalytic performance of the Fe-Si-B amorphous ribbon was characterized by using the degradation efficiency of the emulsified oil wastewater. The water samples before and after degradation by Fe-Si-B amorphous ribbons were examined by infrared spectrophotometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), respectively. The results show that the degradation efficiency of 99.91% is obtained under optimum process conditions of the current density of 30 mA/cm2, pH value of 3, and H2O2 concentration of 20 g/L. Furthermore, all the long-chain organic compounds in the emulsified oil wastewater are decomposed into short-chain organic substances within 40 min of the reaction. Therefore, the EF method with amorphous alloy as anode and graphite as cathode has a good prospect for the degradation of emulsified oil wastewater. Moreover, the obtained results provide a theoretical basis and guidance for the application of amorphous alloy catalysts in practical wastewater remediation applications.

PAHs remediation from hazardous waste landfill leachate using fenton, photo – fenton and electro - fenton oxidation processes – performance evaluation under optimized conditions using RSM and ANN

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocharbons (PAHs) are a class of highly toxic pollutants that are highly detrimental to the ecosystem. Landfill leechate emanated from municipal solid waste are reported to constitute significant PAHs. In the present investigation, three Fenton proceses, namely conventional Fenton, photo-fenton and electro-fenton methods have been employed to treat landfill leehcate for removing PAHs from a waste dumpig yard. Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) methodologies were adopted to optimize and validate the conditions for optimum oxidative removal of COD and PAHs. The statistical analysis results showed that all independent variables chosen in the study are reported to have significant influence of the removal effects with P-values <0.05. Sensitivity analysis by the developed ANN model showed that the pH had the highest significance of 1.89 in PAH removal when compared to the other parameters. However for COD removal, H2O2 had the highest relative importance of 1.15, followed by Fe2+ and pH. Under optimal treatment conditions, the photo-fenton and electro-fenton processes showed better removal of COD and PAH compared to the Fenton process. The photo-fenton and electro-fenton treatment processes removed 85.32% and 74.64% of COD and 93.25% and 81.65% of PAHs, respectively. Also the investigations revelaed the presence of 16 distinct PAH compunds and the removal percentage of each of these PAHs are also reported. The PAH treatment research studies are generally limited to the assay of removal of PAH and COD levels. In the present investigation, in addition to the treatment of landfill leachate, particle size distribution analysis and elemental characterization of the resultant iron sludge by FESEM and EDX are reported. It was revealed that elemental oxygen is present in highest percentage, followed by iron, sulphur, sodium, chlorine, carbon and potassium. However, iron percentage can be reduced by treating the Fenton-treated sample with NaOH.

Techniques for remediation of pharmaceutical pollutants using metal organic framework - Review on toxicology, applications, and mechanism

Treatment of recalcitrant and xenobiotic pharmaceutical compounds in polluted waters have gained significant attention of the environmental scientists. Antibiotics are diffused into the environment widely owing to their high usages, very particularly in the last two years due to over consumption during covid 19 pandemic worldwide. Quinolones are very effective antibiotics, but do not get completely metabolized due to which they pose severe health hazards if discharged without proper treatment. The commonly reported treatment methods for quinolones are adsorption and advanced oxidation methods. In both the treatment methods, metal organic frameworks (MOF) have been proved to be promising materials used as stand-alone or combined technique. Many composite MOF materials synthesized from renewable, natural, and harmless materials by eco-friendly techniques have been reported to be effective in the treatment of quinolones. In the present article, special focus is given on the abatement of norfloxacin and ofloxacin contaminated wastewater using MOFs by adsorption, oxidation/ozonation, photocatalytic degradation, electro-fenton methods, etc. However, integration of adsorption with any advanced oxidation methods was found to be best remediation technique. Of various MOFs reported by several researchers, the MIL-101(Cr)–SO3H composite was able to give 99% removal of norfloxacin by adsorption. The MIL – 88A(Fe) composite and Fe LDH carbon felt cathode were reported to yield 100% degradation of ofloxacin by photo-Fenton and electro-fenton methods respectively. The synthesis methods and mechanism of action of MOFs towards the treatment of norfloxacin and ofloxacin as reported by several investigation reports are also presented.

Slaughterhouse Wastewater Treatment by Integrated Chemical Coagulation and Electro-Fenton Processes

The slaughterhouse industry produces large amounts of highly polluted wastewater which needs to be treated before being discharged water. Thus, this work was conducted to investigate the feasibility of treating slaughterhouse wastewater using combined chemical coagulation and electro-Fenton methods. We studied the effect of process parameters such as polyaluminum chloride (PAC) concentration (25, 50, 75, 100 mg/L) for chemical coagulation and hydrogen peroxide concentration (500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 4000 mg/L), the pH of the solution (3, 5, 7, 10), and the reaction time (5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 75, 120 min) and the voltage (10, 20, 30, 40 V) on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and fecal coliforms (FC). The optimum removal efficiency for the electro-Fenton process was obtained at PAC = 75 mg/L, reaction time = 75 min, pH = 3, H2O2 = 2500 mg/L, and V = 20 V, which resulted in the removal efficiency of 89.55% for COD, 88.88% for BOD, 91.27% for TSS, 69.23% for TKN, and 100% for FC. The findings demonstrated that combined chemical coagulation and electro-Fenton processes effectively and efficiently treat slaughterhouse wastewater. The results of this research can be used by competent authorities to increase the efficiency of slaughterhouse wastewater treatment and to protect the environment.

Treatment of Oilfield Produced Water Using Three Electrochemical Processes: Comparative Study

Although various techniques exist for remediation of wastewater, electrochemical technology and electrochemical advanced oxidation processes are the most promising and innovating methods for destroying and eliminating a broad-range of organic and inorganic contaminants presented in the produced water effluents. This study presents integrated electrochemical treatment techniques including electrocoagulation process, electrooxidation process and electro-Fenton process for a real produced water, supplied by an oil company. The electrocoagulation method was conducted by iron and aluminum electrodes, electrooxidation method by graphite electrodes and the electro-Fenton method by iron and graphite electrodes. The experiments were performed in the same electrolytic batch cell with the same spacing between electrodes and electrode surface. The feasibility of treatment processes was monitored by the removal of total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD).As a result of the study, the most efficient technology was the electrooxidation process where the removal efficiencies of TOC and COD were 93.5 % and 94 %, respectively. Additionally, electro-Fenton process led to higher removal efficiencies reaching 85 % and 87 % for TOC and COD, respectively. The electrocoagulation treatment of produced water by using iron and aluminum electrodes was moderately efficient for removal of TOC. However, it was inefficient for removal of COD. Furthermore, electrocoagulation remediation was proved to be an effective method for removal of inorganic species such as calcium, magnesium and sulfate. It can be concluded that electrochemical methods could be used for effective produced water treatment where it can be safely disposed of or effectively reused for injection and irrigation.

Removal of Phenol by Electro-Fenton Process

In this study, removal of phenol from wastewater using Electro-Fenton method was achieved. The effect of operational parameters such as current density, initial concentration of phenol, and hydrogen peroxide dosage on the removal of phenol were investigated. The removal efficiencies were determined using chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations. The results showed that, the removal of phenol was dependent on the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and applied current. Increasing the applied current resulted in higher removal efficiency (RE) of phenol. On the other hand, the energy consumption also increased with the increasing the current density. Thus when the optimal current density and potential have been selected, either higher removal rate or lower energy consumption can be preferred. The phenol removal significantly increased by increasing H2O2 dosages from 1500 to 2500 mg L-1. The phenol concentration of 300 mg L-1 was removed with the removal efficiency of 93% at the current density of 40 mA cm-2 with the using of 2500 mg L-1 H2O2. Increasing of initial phenol concentration resulted in decreasing of removal efficiency. Removal efficiency decreased from 75% to 62 % when the initial phenol concentration increased from 100 to 500 mg L-1 after 45 min of operating time. As a result of the study, it can be said that, the removal of phenol was successfully achieved using Electro-Fenton method.

Insight into the mechanisms of BPS degradation by electro-Fenton method modified by Co-based nanoparticles on the oxidized carbon cathode

4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol, as one type of persistent organic pollutants, has become an environmental problem because of its toxicity and harmfulness. In this study, cobalt-based nanoparticles on oxidized carbon black (Co-OBC) rich in oxygen functional groups and pyrrole nitrogen, which were adopted as catalyst to promote the performance for BPS degradation using electro-Fenton method. The results show that Co-OBC exhibited better performance in degradation of BPS by electro-Fenton than cobalt-based nanoparticles on carbon black (Co-BC), and BPS could be completely degraded within 15 min under optimal conditions (c(Fe2+) = 0.3 mM, pH 3, U = -0.5 V). In order to explore the degradation mechanisms of BPS, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis was combined with Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculation. Three degradation paths were proposed. More importantly, the decomposition free energy of BPS in path I was 15.5 kcal/mol, which is the lowest of three paths. Therefore, path I was the main pathway of BPS degradation, and other pathways were secondary. Finally, ECOSAR software prediction revealed that the degradation of BPS could reduce the toxicity step-by-step, which was beneficial for environmental protection. By analyzing the degradation mechanisms and toxicity prediction of BPS, we can better understand the characteristics of persistent compounds and their harm to the environment, which can be beneficial to solve environmental pollution.

Three-Phase Three-Dimensional Electrochemical Process for Efficient Treatment of Greywater.

Water shortages around the world have intensified the search for substitute sources. Greywater can serve as a solution for water requirements. Compared to two-dimensional electrochemical processes for water treatment, the addition of particle activated carbon enhances the conductivity and mass transfer or the adsorption of pollutants in a three-dimensional (3D) electrochemical process. The large specific surface areas of these particles can provide more reactive sites, resulting in a higher removal efficiency. In this study, the treatment of greywater by the electro-Fenton (E-Fenton) method was carried out in a 3D electrolytic reactor. The effects of the operating conditions, such as electrode spacing, applied voltage, treatment time, and activated carbon loading, on the efficacy of the E-Fenton process were investigated, and the corresponding optimum conditions were found to be 7 cm, 9 V, 2 h, and 10 g. The results showed that CODCr removal of greywater treated using the 3D electrochemical process was 85%. With the help of the Box–Behnken experiment design and the response surface methodology, the parameters were optimized to determine the optimal conditions. The results of the response surface analysis were consistent with the experimental results. The above findings illustrate that the proposed three-phase 3D electrochemical process is feasible for the efficient treatment of greywater.

Separation and Characterization of Cellulose Fibers from Cannabis Bast Using Foamed Nickel by Cathodic Electro-Fenton Oxidation Strategy.

Degumming is the most important link in the textile industry. The main purpose of degumming is to effectively remove non-cellulose substances in plant bast fibers. In this research, we propose an electro-Fenton (EF) system with a nickel-foam (Ni-F) cathode in weak acid pH (EF/Ni-F) to degum cannabis fiber in EF while reducing the content of pollutants in degumming wastewater. FT-IR, XPS, XRD, SEM, and TG were employed to thoroughly understand the reaction characteristics to characterize chemical components, element qualities, the crystallinity, and the morphologies of degummed fibers. Additionally, physical and mechanical properties such as breaking strength, elongation at breaking, residual glue rate, whiteness, and diameter of degummed fibers were measured. Through testing, it was found that the fiber degummed by the EF method had higher breaking strength, lower residual tackiness, and higher whiteness than other methods. The antibacterial test was used to detect the effect of fiber on Staphylococcus aureus before and after degumming. EF could remove more colloidal components from cannabis than other methods, and the mechanical properties were also enhanced. The characteristics of the degummed fiber further confirmed the effectiveness of the new degumming method. Moreover, the antibacterial experiment found that the antibacterial property of the degummed fiber was enhanced. The colloidal components in the degumming wastewater were flocculated and precipitated. The upper liquid of the solution had low chromaticity, low COD value, and weak acid pH value, which can meet the discharge requirements. The above test proves that EF is an effective degumming method that is environmentally friendly, takes less time, and enhances antibacterial performance.

Treatment of coking wastewater in a heterogeneous electro-Fenton system: Optimization of treatment parameters, characterization, and removal mechanism

Coking wastewater is a typical refractory industrial wastewater with complex hazardous materials and high organic content. A novel heterogeneous electro-Fenton system with a homemade iron-loaded activated carbon cathode was used to treat coking wastewater. Based on response surface methodology, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) were used as research indicators for the optimization of the reaction parameters. Under the optimal conditions of 1 cm electrode spacing, 10 V applied voltage, and initial pH of 3.88, the COD removal rate in several experiments was 88.91–96.65%, and the NH3-N removal rate in several experimental runs was up to 100%. We used ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and color analysis for analyses; and found that the cyclic aromatic compounds and hazardous materials containing unsaturated double and triple bonds could be effectively degraded by the modified electro-Fenton method. Additionally, the color of the coking wastewater can also be effectively removed using this technique. The studied mechanisms and UV254 analysis illustrated that the modified electro-Fenton method can effectively degrade COD and NH3-N, remove most hazardous materials, and improve the biodegradability of coking wastewater.

An effective natural mineral-catalyzed heterogeneous electro-Fenton method for degradation of an antineoplastic drug: Modeling by a neural network

In this study, the heterogeneous electro-Fenton method was used to remove Paclitaxel as an antineoplastic medicine. The cathode based on three-dimensional graphene (3DG) was applied as a gas diffusion electrode. The potential of five eco-friendly and recyclable iron minerals derived from nature (Magnetite, Siderite, Hematite, Limonite, and Pyrite) was investigated. Among the applied iron minerals, Pyrite showed the best, and Magnetite and Siderite showed good catalytic activity at pH 3.0. The current intensity of 300 mA, pHi 7.0, Paclitaxel concentration of 3 mg L−1, amount of Pyrite 4.5 g L−1, and time of 120 min was the optimum condition of the process with the removal efficiency of 99.13% in the presence of Pyrite. Repeating the experiments eight times revealed the reusability of the prepared 3DG as a cathode. Also, using radical scavengers indicated the principal role of the hydroxyl radicals (OH) in the treatment process. Analysis of total organic carbon reached 77.64% mineralization of 3 mg L−1 Paclitaxel at 360 min. Finally, ten by-products of small molecules were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry device.