Electricity Supply System Research Articles

Quantum behaved artificial bee colony based conventional controller for optimum dispatch

<p>Since a multi area system (MAS) is characterized by momentary overshoot, undershoot and intolerable settling time so, neutral copper conductors are replaced by multilayer zigzag graphene nano ribbon (MLGNR) interconnects that are tremendously advantageous to copper interconnects for the future transmission line conductors necessitated for economic and emission dispatch (EED) of electric supply system giving rise to reduced overshoots and settling time and greenhouse effect as well. The recent work includes combinatorial algorithm involving proportional integral and derivative controller and heuristic swarm optimization; we say it as Hybrid- particle swarm optimization (PSO) controller. The modeling of two multi area systems meant for EED is carried out by controlling the conventional proportional integral and derivative (PID) controller regulated and monitored by quantum behaved artificial bee colony (ABC) optimization based PID (QABCOPID) controller in MATLAB/Simulink platform. After the modelling and simulation of QABCOPID controller it is realized that QABCOPID is better as compared to multi span double display (MM), neural network based PID (NNPID), multi objective constriction PSO (MOCPSO) and multi objective PSO (MOPSO). The real power generation fixed by QABCOPID controller is used to estimate the combined cost and emission objectives yielding optimal solution, minimum losses and maximum efficiency of transmission line.</p>

Effect of Facilities Performance and Quality on User’s Satisfaction with Facilities Provided in Industrial Training Fund Building Maitama, Abuja

The study investigated user satisfaction and performance of facilities management service delivery in private high-rise buildings using the industrial training fund (ITF) house Maitama, Abuja, as a study area. Survey research was carried out through the use of a questionnaire instrument. Three hundred fifty questionnaires were administered to users, of which 304 were retrieved. The simple random sampling technique was adopted for the study, while data obtained from the field were analysed using statistical packages for social. The study found that only pest control services, security facilities (e.g. CCTV), parking facilities, and fire extinguishers were rated well by the respondents in the study area. Results also indicate that users were delighted with leisure facilities (e.g. seating bench), refuse disposal facilities, intercom system and TV reception, and recreational facilities and were satisfied too with fire alarms. Users are happy with the pest control systems in the ITF building, security facilities, parking, fire extinguishers, electricity supply systems, water supply systems and air conditioning. Further findings show that facilities performance explains 78.9% of the variance in user satisfaction which is highly significant (Sig. = .000) as indicated by the F-value of 394.4. Furthermore, standardised Beta coefficients indicate that quality has the most significant beta coefficient of 0.826, thus making the most substantial contribution in explaining user satisfaction which means facilities' performance and quality have a positive and significant effect on user satisfaction. The study concluded that ITF building Maitama, Abuja facilities are performing satisfactorily. This suggests that the building owners and operators must put substantial provisions in place to perform satisfactorily. Finally, the study recommended that owners and management of high-rise buildings must recognise the need to improve the effectiveness of Facilities service to make the buildings more functional and comfortable for users.

Fault reconstruction method of high redundancy satellite power distribution unit

AbstractSatellite electrical power supply system requires higher redundancy and reliability. The failure of the secondary power supply of the power distribution unit will directly lead to the unavailability of the load. The matrix switch can connect multiple secondary power supplies to multiple loads to improve the fault tolerance of the distribution unit. As the number of redundant switches increases, the process of fault reconstruction becomes more complex. In this paper, a matrix switch fault reconstruction method based on 0–1 integer programming is proposed. This method can reconstruct the matrix switch for different fault modes to meet the electrical power supply and protection requirements of the load. Compared with the general fault countermeasure, this method has independent decision‐making ability, can be expanded by modifying a few parameters, and can be integrated into the management of the whole satellite power supply system. A 500‐W satellite power supply system experimental platform was built, and a matrix distribution switch unit prototype meeting the requirements of integration and low volume was manufactured. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the reconstruction strategy when dealing with multiple faults in different locations.

A spatial analysis of techno-economic feasibility of solar cities of India using Electricity System Sustainability Index

Numerous schemes with solar incentives are introduced by the Government of India to promote the adoption of solar energy technologies in Indian cities. However, the success rate of this program in the selected pilot cities needs to be explored and analyzed. Therefore, this study identifies the resources which may facilitate or obstruct the performance of the solar cities of India. This study was conducted to add a new index value to the literature to assess the regional demand analysis of the nation's future electricity scenario with the help of a hybrid power generation and distribution system. Here, the solar hotspots of India are mapped, not only focusing on the geographical aspects of the region but also with respect to the existing solar energy policies, technology, electricity system, and the economic capacity of the cities. Additionally, a sustainability index of the electricity supply system for each city was formulated to benchmark cities based on their sustainable power generation and distribution system. Finally, TOPSIS approach was used to determine the solar cities with the highest technical and economic potential to fulfil the targets of the solar city mission successfully. The assessment of the technical and economic potential analysis from the dataset indicates that the cities situated in the north, the central and western parts of India have better opportunities to harness solar energy than cities of the north-east, east and southern India. Cities like Leh, Amritsar, Gandhinagar, Indore, Aurangabad, Bhopal, Nagpur, and Raipur, situated along the north-west-central India are highly desirable to attract investors to disseminate solar energy technologies in these cities, thereby highlighting the possible directions of future investments in the solar cities of India. The Electricity System Sustainability Index (ESSI) gives an overview of the extent of sustainability achieved in terms of number of new connections, cost variability, economic productivity, energy losses, power availability during peak hours, and the renewable energy generation capacity of the system. It was observed that cities with better economic performance and environmentally sustainable have performed better in ESSI and are more inclined towards adopting hybrid mode of electricity generation.

Techno-Economic Analysis of Energy Systems in Thakle Namuna Basti - A Case Study

The electrical supply system in most underdeveloped nations is incredibly undependable. The country’s existing distribution system has experienced regular power outages due to population growth, industrial expansion, rough terrain, and a long-distance transmission network. The conventional approach to centralized generation and transmission is failing to address this challenge and as a response, the utilization of renewable energy sources is expanding day by day to alleviate the energy crisis. The purpose of this study is to perform a techno-economic analysis of a 100% renewable off-grid and on-grid hybrid energy system for the electrification of Thakle Namuna Basti, a small communal village in Melamchi, Sindhupalchwok. The HOMER Pro 3.14 program is used to analyze the feasibility of the suggested hybrid power system. The available resources are provided as an input parameter along with load data and HOMER Pro optimizes the list of system architecture for that specific site. In addition, sensitivity analysis is performed for the proposed HES (Hybrid Energy System). The main outcome of the project is to find out the best system architecture based on various economic parameters such as NPC (Net Present Cost), LCOE (Levelized cost of electricity) and Operating and Maintenance Cost. The system having lowest NPC and LCOE makes the best system architecture.

Life-cycle assessment of current and future electricity supply addressing average and marginal hourly demand: An application to Italy

The increase in overall electricity demand in recent years, together with the rapid and significant changes in electricity generation has motivated increased research addressing environmental impacts of current and future electricity generation and supply systems. This article presents a comprehensive life-cycle assessment (LCA) of electricity generation and supply for the Italian current mix and future scenarios, for a wide set of environmental impacts and indicators, addressing intra-year variations, and including average and marginal demand impact perspectives. The generation mix was modelled for a 3-year period (2018–2020) with hourly and country-specific data, for the main generation technologies; and two future scenarios (for 2030) were modelled applying the EPLANopt energy system model. While future scenarios - with larger renewable energy shares - resulted in reduced environmental impacts in most categories, they were associated with burden shifts. In particular, increased shares of solar photovoltaic generation in future scenarios resulted in significant contributions to mineral and metal resource depletion and to land use impacts. The high penetration of renewable energy sources in future scenarios was also associated with important seasonal and hourly variations, demonstrating the importance of addressing intra-year temporal variations. Moreover, complementing an average with a marginal demand perspective provided insight on potential impacts of demand changes. When considering a marginal demand perspective, future scenarios offered no clear benefits in terms of global warming, for example. The research demonstrated the need for comprehensive and detailed environmental impact assessments with fine time resolution, which can assess seasonal and intra-daily variations, and the evaluation of environmental impacts with both average and marginal demand perspectives highlighted the complementary nature of the two in providing insightful results. The approach is fully replicable to other countries and regions - it can improve LCAs of electricity generation and supply and provide robust results to adequately inform decision-making on electricity generation and demand management, toward more sustainable energy systems.

Development of a 12-V Hybrid Powered Rechargeable Lighting System with Intruder Detection and Mobile Phone Charging Units

The availability of stable, reliable, and low-cost electricity is one of the key indices for measuring the socioeconomic growth of any nation globally. However, in a developing economy such as Nigeria, marred by insufficient electricity generation, load shedding, and frequent power outage are common occurrences hindering some basic domestic functions, including lighting and charging, among others, to be performed. Therefore, an alternative solution that can serve as a backup for the conventional electricity supply system becomes imperative. This work developed a 12-V hybrid-powered rechargeable lighting system with intruder detection and USB ports for mobile phone charging. The basic components used in the system development are Arduino Nano (ATMega328) microcontroller, GSM (SIM900D) module, Passive Infra-Red (PIR) sensors, light bulbs, mini 12 V lead-acid battery, and 12 V, 20 W solar panel. Using relevant design equations, circuit designs and data processing were implemented around the ATMega328 microcontroller. The developed system was tested, and the output voltages of the lighting and charging units and the functionality of the intruder detection unit were determined. The developed hybrid-powered rechargeable lighting system operated satisfactorily during testing. The lighting and charging units were functional, giving 12 and 5 V output voltages, respectively. The intruder detection unit was active, producing a buzzing sound and sending an SMS alert to the registered phone number on the detection of an intrusion. The developed system is useful for domestic and other similar applications.

Mathematical models of magnetic circuits of high currents induction sensors for electric power supply systems devices of electric transport

The magnetic circuits of the developed high currents induction sensors for the electric power supply systems devices of electric transport are researched, analytical expressions of the magnetic flux in ferromagnetic connecting elements and magnetic voltage, the replacement circuit of the magnetic circuit elementary section, as well as mathematical models of the magnetic circuit of the developed sensors, are obtained.

Effects of Infrastructural Facilities on Residential Properties Rental Values in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

This paper aims at examining the influence of infrastructures on rental values of properties in Kemta Housing Estate, Abeokuta, Ogun State. Infrastructure is key in the assessment of the status of any urban area. Real Estate is the physical and appurtenances affixed to land while Real Property which denotes ownership includes all interest, benefits and rights inherent in the ownership of physical real estate., the value of Property is affected by factors such as environmental, accessibility, neighborhoods and property characteristics. Questionnaires were given to the Residents of Kemta Housing Estate, out of 155 questionnaires administered, only 105(67%) were retrieved and used for the analysis. Frequency tables alongside percentages were employed in analyzing the information retrieved while level of importance of the infrastructure facilities was analyzed with Relative Importance Index. It was revealed that majority of the Residents are tenants (61%) and infrastructural facilities (73%) was a major influence on the value of properties in the estate, others include water, good roads and provision of security. Major findings of this study are that availability of Medical Facilities (RII=2.72), well maintained roads with RII=3.12, improved Electricity supply and Drainage systems with RII of 2.75 where the most important facilities that the Residents of Kemta Housing Estate loves so much. Continuous maintenance of the available facilities had great influence on the rental values of the properties in the Estate and there has been an annual increase of rent in the Estate. To enhance the livability of residents within the estate, proper maintenance of the available facilities and construction/purchase of more facilities is hereby recommended.

Design and Construction of Electrical Power Supply System: The Local Content Addition

This paper presents the design and construction of an electrical power supply extension box intending to incorporate local content addition as an alternative to imported boxes. The local content addition is aimed at reducing the importation of off-the-shelf electrical power supply extension boxes and replacing them with locally sourced components. The design process began with a review of the literature on the current uses of extension boxes in the electrical power supply. This was followed by the selection of the various components and the construction of the box. To test the efficacy of the local content addition, a series of tests were conducted to ascertain the box’s performance and general reliability. The results of the tests revealed that the designed extension box was able to outperform the off-the-shelf boxes in terms of safety, durability, and efficiency. The advantages of the local content addition design in comparison to the off-the-shelf boxes were also discussed. This study is expected to open up the use of locally sourced components in the electrical power supply industry and to bring about a reduction in the cost of power supply systems. The paper provides a methodological approach to the design and construction of an Electrical Power Supply Board with the addition of local content.

Research on the transmission of electric power via the increased frequency coaxial line to a remote low-power load (consumer)

The article gives the analyses of the existing limitations in the transmission of electric power to a remote low-power load (consumer) and the alternative system of an increased frequency electric power supply is offered. The primary parameters of an increased frequency coaxial line are examined at different operating modes. It is shown that in the study progress the influence of the equipotential surface of the Earth’s field on the primary parameters of an increased frequency coaxial line was identified. The calculation methodology of the primary parameters of an increased frequency coaxial line is given taking into consideration the influence of the equipotential surface of the Earth’s field. The obtained results can be used at the designing of increased frequency electric power supply systems for remote low-power loads (consumers).

Autonomy of energy supply systems in agricultural production and their efficiency

Purpose. Increasing the reliability and efficiency of energy supply of agro-industrial production facilities and rural areas by creating autonomous power generation systems using own (natural and industrial) renewable energy sources. Methods. Monographic, economic-mathematical, system analysis, abstract-logical, mathematical modeling. Results. It has been established that in order to ensure energy independence of Ukraine, it is necessary to realize the potential of the domestic field of renewable energy. One of the strategic directions of decentralization of energy supply is the transition of agricultural enterprises and rural areas to autonomous systems of electricity and heat generation. The full autonomy of such systems is provided by the use of renewable energy sources, in particular solar, wind, hydrogen generation and biofuels. The economic effect of re-equipping the heat supply system of industrial premises from gas heating to boiler room equipment using solid biofuel was determined. The potential of biofuel production from plant residues was calculated and it was established that the farm has sufficient resource potential to transition to an autonomous heat supply system not only of its own production, but also of neighboring rural communities and households. Conclusions. To solve the problems of energy security, Ukrainian agricultural enterprises need to change traditional approaches to energy supply and use renewable energy sources of their own production. The autonomy of electricity and heat supply systems at the current stage of development of the agricultural sector is effectively realized through the use of solar power plants, biofuel heat generators, cogeneration plants and the use of granulated biofuel from agricultural production waste, which is an alternative to fossil fuels. Keywords: Energy independence, energy supply, bioenergy, autonomy, solid biofuel, renewable energy sources, economic efficiency, heat supply.

МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЕ МОДЕЛИ ОБЪЕКТОВ КОНТРОЛЯ И ДИАГНОСТИКИ ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ СИСТЕМ ЭЛЕКТРОСНАБЖЕНИЯ ЛЕТАТЕЛЬНЫХ АППАРАТОВ

The article studies the features and methods used to monitor and diagnose the technical condition of onboard electrical systems by using as an example analytical, tabular and logical models. The advantages and disadvantages of these models are highlighted. Based on the analysis results, applying a complex monitoring and diagnostic system is advisable to establish up to date intellectualization of onboard electrical systems, specifically aircraft electrical power supply systems and formation of a single information space.

ВЛИЯНИЕ РЕЗОНАНСНЫХ ЯВЛЕНИЙ НА ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ РЕСУРС АСИНХРОННЫХ ЭЛЕКТРОДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ ПРИ ИМПУЛЬСНЫХ ПЕРЕНАПРЯЖЕНИЯХ

The relevance The work is devoted to assessing the impulse overvoltages effect at the input of the supply cable on the asynchronous machines technical resource as a solution to the electrical equipment failure problem caused by the resource loss. Aim of research Reducing the asynchronous machines accident rate by monitoring their technical condition and the implementation of electrical equipment riskbased maintenance during impulse overvoltages. Research methods The asynchronous electric motor, a supply cable, lightning effects and surge arrestor simulation modeling was used; Fourier analysis was applied. Results The simulation model of electric motor supply system section with installed surge arrestors in transformer substation cells was developed. Spectral composition of input voltage and current of asynchronous machine depending on cable line length was obtained. Assessment of technical resource of asynchronous machine based on voltages and currents oscillograms on its input and the related value of energy transmitted to its insulation during impulse overvoltages was realized.

Autonomous heat-cooling and power supply system based on renewable energy devices (trigeneration system)

The article presents the results of research on the possibilities of providing heat-cooling and electricity supply systems to autonomous consumers located far from centralized energy supply in the southern regions of Uzbekistan (Bukhara and Kashkadarya) based on renewable energy sources. In these regions, the average daily relative solar energy is 4.5 kWh/m2/day, the average wind speed is 5.5...8.5 m/s, the relative energy is 300...580 W/m2, and the underground low-potential temperature at a depth of 3...5 m, on average, is +10...+12oC. Analyzes of scientific research conducted on the development and reliability of trigeneration systems in the world are presented, and the possibilities of using these systems in our region are based. A combined solar-wind power plant, which is adapted to the climatic conditions of the southern regions of Uzbekistan, works efficiently in weak wind currents and high temperature regimes, and a complex energy system consisting of geothermal heat pumps that produce continuous heat and cold energy in different temperature regimes is offered. The proposed complex power plant allows for continuous and reliable energy supply to autonomous consumers located far from the centralized energy supply.

Изменение режима работы системы электроснабжения сети 6 кВ при переходе от изолированной нейтрали к резистивно-заземленной

The existing system of the electric network 6 kV used in the greenhouse facilities “Ovoshchi Krasnodarskogo kraya” with the insulated neutral does not ensure its reliable operation. Short single-phase short circuits in the network lead to ferroresonance, multiple short circuits and failure of power line sections and electrical equipment of the network up to the complete halting of greenhouse production. To eliminate ferroresonance processes and overvoltages in the electrical network and increase the reliability of the electrical supply system of the greenhouse facilities “Ovoshchi Krasnodarskogo kraya”, the authors have analyzed the effi ciency of an electrical supply system of 6kV network at its transition from the isolated neutral to the resistive-earthed neutral. They have determined the values of the capacitive currents of the electric network sections of the greenhouse facilities to show the excess of their allowable values. Based on the results obtained, they have stated the need for the modernization of the neutral grounding system of the electric network of the greenhouse facilities by transition to the neutral grounding through the low resistors used in commercially available transformer neutral grounding cabinets with the resistors 100 ohm for the 6 kV networks. The change in operating mode of the high-voltage network of the greenhouse enterprise from the isolated neutral to the resistive-grounded neutral ensured its reliable operation without interruptions of power supply and disconnection of its consumers. The network modernization has increased the current at the point of a single-phase short circuit to ground and provided the possibility of an immediate shut down of the damaged lines, thereby avoiding repeated short circuits in power lines and damage of electric equipment caused by ferroresonance. It has also reduced the probability of intermittent short-circuits, overvoltage in the network and electric shock to personnel and bystanders.1

Performance Analysis of Machine Learning Techniques for Anomaly Detection in Indian Electricity Consumption Data

Anomalies in electricity consumption can have a significant impact on the efficiency and dependability of power systems. Therefore, precise and prompt anomaly detection is essential for ensuring efficient system operation. This research paper presents an in-depth analysis of various machine-learning approaches for detecting abnormalities in Indian electricity consumption data. Specifically, the performance of three widely used machine learning algorithms, namely eXtreme Gradient Boosting, (XGBoost) Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), is evaluated. The efficacy of each technique is assessed using performance indicators, including mean absolute error (MAE), mean squared error (MSE), and coefficient of determination (R2). The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the most effective machine-learning methods for identifying anomalies in Indian energy usage data. Moreover, this research contributes to the advancement of power grid anomaly detection technologies, leading to more effective systems. The anticipated outcome of this effort is an increase in the dependability and efficiency of the electrical supply system, benefiting both power system operators and end users.

Justification of the structure of the autonomous electric power system of the agro-industrial enterprise

Purpose. Increasing the efficiency of agricultural production and improving the living conditions of the rural population by creating a reliable autonomous power supply system based on its own renewable energy sources. Methods. The substantiation of the structure and parameters of the autonomous electric power system of the economic level was carried out on the basis of the provisions of probability theory, mathematical statistics and simulation modeling using a specially developed reliability assessment model of various variants of autonomous electric power systems for agricultural purposes. Results. The model for assessing the reliability of autonomous electric power systems of the economic level was developed on the basis of the structural and functional organization of systems with the determination of the probability of failure-free operation. The reliability of the system is determined by the reliability of its subsystems and their interconnection – structure. The main method of increasing the reliability of power supply systems is the redundancy method, which consists in introducing additional subsystems into the system. Serial and parallel connection systems are considered. An important element of ensuring high reliability of autonomous power supply systems of agricultural production facilities is appropriate means of energy accumulation. The structure of the specific electricity supply system of the agroindustrial economy should be formed on the basis of the characteristics of production and household needs, assessment of the potential and characteristics of renewable energy sources and the conditions of safe, economically and ecologically efficient operation Conclusions 1. Effective operation of a modern farm with complex automated human activity in close harmony with living objects is possible only under the condition of absolutely reliable power supply, including on the basis of own renewable energy sources. 2. Among the natural RES, the most reliable source for farming conditions is the energy of solar radiation. 3. From the point of view of organization of application, availability of raw materials and possibilities of necessary maintenance, solid biofuel has certain advantages in the conditions of rural areas (the energy cost-output ratio is 1:16). 4. A rational option for a farm can be considered an autonomous power supply system consisting of: a solar power plant, a biofuel power plant, a storage battery – with an estimated reliability index of 0.9997. Keywords: autonomous electric power systems, reliability, solid biofuel, renewable energy sources, power supply, heat supply.

APPLICATION OF CLUSTER ANALYSIS IN SMART GRID NETWORKS

The task of developing and improving intelligent multi-agent control systems, which provide opportunities for intelligent online analysis of the electrical power supply system provided by the smart grid system, is considered. The purpose of the article is the formation of clusters of sections of the electrical network, the initial parameters of which are the main indicators of the quality of electrical energy in accordance with the accepted standards. Total harmonic distortion coefficient of voltages, coefficient of unsymmetry of supply voltages, reactive power of loads are chosen as such parameters. The results of the hierarchical clustering of power supply network sections are summarized in the corresponding dendogram. The method of full connection is used to form a dendogram of sections of the power supply system. This method defines the distance between clusters as the largest distance between any objects in different clusters or the most distant neighbors. The measure of closeness was determined by the Euclidean distance. The obtained treeshaped diagram demonstrates the distribution of the sections of the power supply system into four natural clusters, which visually divides the sections of the power supply system into separate groups according to certain characteristics, namely the main parameters of the quality of the power system. It is shown that the mathematical apparatus of cluster analysis allows solving the problem of classification of sections of the power supply system when the main parameters of the quality of electric energy deviate from the normally permissible values. It is proved that the classification can be carried out not only by one parameter, but also by using a combination of several parameters. The results of the conducted analysis provide an opportunity to further form production rules for the selection of measures to improve the quality of electric energy, which are applied to one or another section of the power supply system.)

Modeling and Experimental Analysis of Overvoltage and Inrush Current Characteristics of the Electric Rail Traction Power Supply System

High-speed EMUs (electric multiple-units) frequently pass through the phase-separation zone during operation. Overvoltage generated during the operation of the vehicle-mounted circuit breaker has a long duration and high waveform steepness, which accelerates the service life of the vehicle-mounted equipment and is likely to cause insulation failures. For the above-mentioned problems, the operating overvoltage characteristics of high-speed EMU were obtained by traction substation-catenary-EMUs system (SCES) analysis and experiments, thus deriving the influences of the closed phase angle and the residual magnetism of the vehicle-mounted transformer on operating overvoltage. The results showed that the voltage phase of the catenary significantly affected the operating overvoltage, and the closed switching overvoltage was small at 0–40°, 140–210° and 320–350°. The voltage on the primary side of the vehicle-mounted transformer was 60.78 kV, with the transient impact of high-frequency oscillation overvoltage of 22.71 kV, and an initial period of oscillation of 0.01 ms. Then, the period became longer, and it took 0.5 ms for the high-frequency oscillation from attenuation to disappearance. Finally, a scheme of series reactance suppression devices was proposed to protect vehicle-mounted voltage transformers. This work is to provide data support for the insulation design and system protection of a traction power supply system.