Electricity Distribution Service Research Articles

Testing of The Insulation Resistance and Turns Test Ratio (TTR) of The Distribution Transformers at PT PLN (Pesero) UP3 Sidoarjo

Electricity plays a vital role in human life and the economic growth of Indonesia. Therefore, a reliable electrical transmission and distribution system is essential. Transformers, especially in an industrial context, play a key role in power supply. Transformer maintenance is a critical step in maintaining a stable flow of electricity. This study adopts the Research and Development (R&D) method and focuses on measuring insulation resistance and voltage ratios in the context of transformer maintenance. The research was conducted at the Pole Transformer Substation (GTT) in P. Melati, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java, starting in August 2023. The research variables involve measuring the insulation resistance referring to IEC standards and measuring the voltage ratio to ensure proper transformer performance. The test results indicate that the insulation resistance in the transformer, both on the primary and secondary sides, meets the standards, demonstrating that the transformer functions well and safely. Voltage ratio measurements closely approximate theoretical calculations and fall within a tolerance of ± 0.5%. This study underscores the importance of transformer maintenance in maintaining a stable flow of electricity. Proper maintenance will prevent disruptions that can be detrimental, such as current leakage or short circuits. With good maintenance, the continuity of a reliable and safe electricity distribution service for consumers can be ensured.

Regulatory impact on Quality of Electricity Distribution Services: The case of Latin America and the Caribbean

Regulatory impact on Quality of Electricity Distribution Services: The case of Latin America and the Caribbean

Analysis of the quality indicators of electricity supply services on the example of the distribution system operator JSC "Kharkivoblenergo"

The resolution of the National Commission in 2021 for the operator of the distribution system JSC “Kharkivoblenergo”, which operates in the territory of the city of Kharkiv and the Kharkiv region, established a tariff for electricity distribution services with the application of incentive regulation, which provides for tariff formation on the basis of long-term regulation of tariffs and adjustment of the necessary income of the Company based on the performance of the task of achieving the target values of the quality indicators of electric energy and compliance with the guaranteed standards. In accordance with this Resolution, the indicators of the quality of services System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) and System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI) for the supply of electric energy were analysed using the example of the operator of the distribution system JSC “Kharkivoblenergo”. The SAIDI quality indicator is characterized by the duration of long interruptions in electricity supply in the distribution system of JSC “Kharkivoblenergo”. The SAIFI quality indicator provides information on the frequency of long interruptions in electricity supply in the distribution system of JSC “Kharkivoblenergo”. The analysis of SAIDI and SAIFI indicators was performed for the short-term period of operation of the operator of the distribution system JSC “Kharkivoblenergo”, namely for December 2021. Based on the results of the analysis of SAIDI and SAIFI indicators, it follows that the achievement of the target values of quality indicators allows adjusting the necessary rate of income for the operator of the distribution system JSC “Kharkivoblenergo”, and also creates a favourable investment climate, which ensures modernization, reconstruction and construction for the renewal of the energy infrastructure with the aim of improving the quality of providing services for the supply of electric energy to consumers. Also, the analysis of the indicated indicators made it possible to evaluate the work of JSC “Kharkivoblenergo” in terms of the implementation of established quality indicators, to identify problem areas in the Company's activities regarding the provision of guaranteed quality standards, to form and practically implement an investment program, to determine how quality indicators are reflected in tariff formation in the incentive regulation.

Power grid monitoring based on Machine Learning and Deep Learning techniques

<p><strong>Background:</strong> In this work, some application examples of machine learning and deep learning techniques in the monitoring of electricity distribution services and infrastructures are proposed. Three different fields of application are considered to highlight the use of techniques based on neural networks: detection and classification of power quality disturbances, monitoring of underground cables in medium voltage lines and diagnosis of joints in high voltage overhead power lines. <strong>Methods:</strong> In the field of power grid monitoring, this work proposes a classification method based on a complex valued neural network to assess working conditions of junction regions in high-voltage overhead lines and insulating materials in medium voltage underground networks. The purpose of this method is to prevent the rupture of joint structures and the abnormal degradation of underground cables via frequency response measurements. This approach allows the direct processing of complex measurements and to reduce the computational effort compared to other methods available in the literature. <strong>Results:</strong> The results obtained in the monitoring of underground cables and joints of high voltage lines guarantee an overall classification rate higher than 90%. In the field of power quality, several deep learning and machine learning methods are proposed to detect the most common voltage disturbances. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> In this paper, an innovative use of widespread algorithms such as convolutional neural networks is proposed with excellent results. Furthermore, the use of a complex-valued neural network in electrical infrastructure monitoring is presented, introducing a minimally invasive classification method that could be instrumental in the transition from corrective to predictive maintenance in the near future.</p>

An analysis of the financial viability of municipalities in Freestate Province: the case of Mangaung Metro Municipality

Local authorities’ independence level largely depends on the adequacy of the revenue part of local self-government budgets. One of the sources of income of local authorities is the payment of the population and business entities for services. Along with this, there is the issue of insufficient accumulation of revenues to the provincial budget due to non-payment of remuneration for services rendered. Municipalities are responsible for providing, regulating and managing essential services such as water supply, domestic wastewater treatment, electricity distribution, sewage systems and health services. This article summarizes the arguments and counter-arguments of the scientific discussion regarding municipalities’ problem in filling the revenue part of the local budget. The study’s primary purpose is to analyse municipalities’ financial capacity in the province of the Free State (Republic of South Africa). The systematization of literary sources and approaches to solving the problem shows that most municipalities in the Republic of South Africa face financial issues. Municipalities have liquidity problems or cannot fulfil their obligations on time. Despite these problems, municipalities must provide services at an acceptable level. The relevance of this scientific problem-solving is that it focuses on analyzing the financial difficulties faced by the Mangaung Metro Municipality. The primary data source for this study was the questionnaire results. The sample consisted of 24 employees and financial statements of municipalities and auditors’ conclusions. The municipality’s financing structure consists on average of 65% from internal revenues, 29.5% from state transfers and 10% from external borrowings. The financial capacity of the municipality is impaired due to an increase in the number of debtors, problems with cash flows, rising costs, unstable revenues to the revenue part of the budget, and an increase in short- and long-term debt. According to the survey results, 63% of respondents reported that the water supply sector is the largest source of debt among consumers, and the debt collection system could be more effective. The results may be helpful in municipalities with similar governance architectures. Thus, the municipality is recommended to develop and implement a strategy for increasing revenues, a cash flow plan, review the tariff policy, and implement an effective system of debt collection and cost reduction measures.

Identificação de Prioridades Através do Método de Estruturação de Problemas Para Reduzir as Dependências dos Serviços Ecossistêmicos na Distribuição de Eletricidade

Abstract Electricity distribution is a fundamental activity for society. However, mitigating actions on risks and dependencies of this activity still need to be discovered concerning Ecosystem Services (ES). This fact can negatively influence its prosperity, especially in the long term. Within this context, this paper aims to identify actions that mitigate the risks and dependencies on ES associated with a company in the electricity sector in Brazil that performs electricity distribution services. The identification was based on the collection, analysis, and interpretation of stakeholders’ perceptions of the activity through an adaptation of the Strategic Options Development and Analysis (SODA) problem structuring method. As a result, a structured vision of actions that mitigate ES risks and dependencies of electric power distribution, enabling management focused on the longevity of both the ES and the economic activity.

ПІДХОДИ ДО КАЛЬКУЛЮВАННЯ СОБІВАРТОСТІ В ЕЛЕКТРОЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ-ОПЕРАТОРАХ СИСТЕМИ РОЗПОДІЛУ В УМОВАХ ПОВОЄННОЇ ВІДБУДОВИ УКРАЇНИ

Approaches to costing are one of the most controversial issues among modern domestic and foreign scholars. This issue is particularly relevant in the context of Ukraine's post-war recovery. The purpose of the article is to study approaches to costing of electricity distribution system operators in the context of post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. The paper considers approaches to costing in electricity distribution system operators. Attention is focused on the sectoral pec uliarities of costing depending on the types of economic activity. It is established that the grouping of costs by items of distribution system operators is carried out with a view to forming tariffs for electricity distribution services. The research highlights the disadvantages of the cost-plus tariff setting system, which include the lack of incentives to invest in the modernisation of distribution networks beyond the approved investment programmes, the interest in increasing costs rather than efficiency, and the reduction of tariffs by regulators in case of efficiency gains. The essence of formation of the electricity distribution tariff by the RAB-regulation method is determined. Considerable attention is paid to the benefits of incentive-based regulation, which include the interest of DSOs in attracting investments in the development of distribution networks, ensuring consistency in pricing policy, the ability to forecast tariffs during the regulatory period, improving the quality of services, reducing inefficient costs, and transparent formation of permitted profits from licensing activities. When implementing incentive-based regulation, it is crucial to determine the real value of the DSO's assets used in regulated activities and the rate of return on the old and new asset base. A higher rate of return on the "new" asset base will be more relevant for finding sources of investment in the context of Ukraine's post-war recovery. The article analyses the composition of controlled and uncontrolled expenses for the formation of the regulated tariff. The paper proposes to accelerate the transition to incentive-based tariff regulation in the context of post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. In the context of post-war reconstruction of Ukraine, the DSOs need to accelerate the transition to incentive-based tariff regulation. This will allow attracting investments in the modernisation and expansion of engineering infrastructure on the basis of return on investment and return on investment, as well as receiving an additional percentage in the tariff for further modernisation of the power grids.

Methodology for Evaluating Projects Aimed at Service Quality Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques

The quality of the electrical energy distribution service has a significant impact on consumer satisfaction and the guarantee of the right of concession for the distribution companies. For the utility that is the object of the case study, the main continuity of service indicators was at levels below the regulatory limits. Still, due to budget constraints, the forecast of the benefit that improvement or expansion projects bring to continuity indicators must be assertive for a proper direction of investments and decision making. In this work, a methodology for evaluating projects to improve the quality of service was proposed, with the realization of the estimated benefit associated with the reduction in continuity indicators (DEC and FEC), using concepts of artificial neural networks and evolutionary algorithms. The results were obtained from a three-year history of execution of the utility’s projects. Based on the correlation analysis, a variable selection procedure was developed, where the historical values of interruptions by cause were considered as input, and the results of the continuity indicators associated with the types of projects studied form the outputs of the model. The model was developed using an artificial neural network of the multilayer perceptron type. The results obtained by simulating the new methodology presented absolute relative errors 100 times smaller for estimating the benefits of the projects compared to the current method used by the electric power distributor.

Measure of Customer Satisfaction in the Residential Electricity Distribution Service Using Structural Equation Modeling

The main objective of this study is to apply structural equation modeling with partial least squares, and based on covariance, to assess the satisfaction of residential electricity consumers. The methodology used compares the results of both structural equation models to indicate the model that best fits the problem of measuring the satisfaction of residential consumers with electricity concessionaires and licensees. The sample used in the survey contained questionnaire responses from 86,175 individuals considering the period from 2014 to 2018. The constructs evaluated were satisfaction, quality, value, loyalty, and trust. A confidence interval analysis shows that all weights are significant, demonstrating the importance of all the indicators that represent the constructs. The trust, quality, and value constructs can explain 74.4% of the satisfaction construct variability, so this relationship’s explanatory capacity is considered substantial. Finally, the evaluation of the performance of the service provided by the electric energy concessionaires/licensees, measured by customer satisfaction, allows for the continuous improvement of services, and meeting, even if minimally, the expectations of its consumers.

Матричний метод визначення показників надійності розгалужених розподільних електричних мереж

The reliability of 10 kV electrical distribution networks due to the considerable length and radial construction scheme is significantly low. According to the Resolution of the National Commission for Regulation of Public Utilities № 1175 of 05.10.2018 “On Approval of the Procedure for Establishing (Forming) Tariffs for Electricity Distribution Services” there are long-term goals of achieving SAIDI indicators of 150 minutes for urban areas and 300 minutes for rural areas and Resolution of the National Commission for Regulation of Economic Competition № 1550 of 12.08.2020 "Procedure for ensuring quality standards of electricity supply and providing compensation to consumers for non-compliance" which regulates the quality standard of electricity supply and regulates compensation to consumers for non-compliance with these standards. Reclosers are used to increase the reliability of electricity supply, to reduce the number of de-energized consumers in case of short circuits by sectioning the overhead power line and the possibility of reserving it from another substation and to install short circuit indicators that significantly reduce the duration of damage. The topical issue is the choice of places to install reclosers, which will provide the greatest effect of improving the reliability of electricity supply. This article proposes a matrix method for determining the reliability of electrical distribution networks, which simplifies the calculation and partially automates the determination of the location of reclosers. The method is based on the use of a path matrix (transfer current ratio). The method allows to consider the affiliation of detached segments of overhead power line to the trunk and branches, according to their differentiated impact on reliability. The method applicability was tested on the power distribution line “F-11 of Khmelnytskyi REM” with an overall long of 44.68 km (the length of the main trunk line is 22.15 km). The expediency of dividing the line into three sections with the installation of two sectional reclosers, and one more recloser used for redundancy from the adjacent line is shown. Preset value of the SAIDI indicator (300 min.) is reached after setting additional six short-circuit indicators.

Managing System Losses to Improve Energy Efficiency within the Electricity Company of Ghana (ECG) Limited

The inability to achieve the target of universal access to electricity is influenced by several factors including funding limitations, the use of obsolete equipment, power theft, and system losses confronting the electricity distribution services of the Electricity Company of Ghana Limited (ECG). The study assessed the components of system losses within the ECG by determining and computing the percentage of system losses within ECG, examining the causes of both commercial and technical losses in ECG, and determining ways to improve energy efficiency by reducing system losses in the most cost-efficient manner. The study adopted deductive reasoning and a quantitative approach to guide data collection and analysis of the research output. A sample of 345 technical and non-technical staff of ECG in the Greater Accra Metropolis was selected from a population of 2500. Purposive, simple random, and cluster sampling techniques were used in identifying and accessing respondents for the study. Descriptive statistics were applied to measure central tendency and degrees of dispersion and the Relative Importance Index (RII) to predict criterion and predictor variables. The impact of low voltage network losses can adversely contribute to technical losses (20%) and reduce energy efficiency in power or electricity distribution companies. Non-technical losses are mainly caused by illegal connections, meter problems, and billing problems. Each of the non-technical losses contributes a maximum of 10% to system losses. Contributors to system losses at ECG are ranked first for power theft and least for lack of incentives. System losses at ECG include metering inaccuracies, bad workmanship, unmetered supply, and lengthy distribution lines, each recording a mean value of above 3.5. Measures to improve monitoring of the networks and systems at ECG and discourage power theft should include an extensive quantification, patrolling, and inspection of the entire network to assess the extent of the network and conditions relevant for the placement of systematically planned maintenance programmes.

The switching behavior of large-scale electricity consumers in The Turkish electricity retail market

This paper studies the effects of various economic and psychological factors on the switching behavior of large-scale electricity consumers in Turkey. Switching frequency and switching direction are two variables used to analyze switching behavior. The former is concerned with how often retailers change their suppliers. On the other hand, switching direction measures the direction of switching preferences of consumers between two electricity suppliers since the incumbent has a brand advantage over new suppliers that creates inertia and may reduce competition in the market. The target group of this study is large-scale electricity consumers rather than residential consumers since the switching activities of large-scale consumers are more competitive. We employ a five-point Likert scale questionnaire to construct eight psychological and economic factors to explain switching activities. The estimates indicate that improving service quality and providing essential services are the main motivations for switching decisions. Satisfaction with primary services, the homogeneity of the retail electricity market, and switching costs enhance the status quo; however, clarity of contracts and assistance for electricity distribution services (maintenance, metering, billing, etc.) affect the switching activities.

The Mediating Effect of Perceived Stress on Transformational and Passive-Avoidant, Leadership-Commitment Linkages

The current study tests an integrative model that considers the plausible effects of transformational and passive-avoidant leadership styles on employees’ affective, normative, and continuance commitment to the organization. While leadership styles are treated as predictors of commitment, perceived stress is treated as a mediating factor in understanding the underlying mechanism of commitment. Data were collected from 232 white and blue-collar employees working at regional divisions of a privatized organization, monitoring Turkey’s electricity distribution services. The hypothesized mediation model was tested using structural equation modeling. Using the bootstrapping method, the indirect effects of both transformational leadership and passive-avoidant leadership on affective and normative commitment via perceived stress were found to be significant. However, contrary to the expectations, the mediating effects of perceived stress were found to be insignificant for relations between transformational leadership and continuance commitment and between passive-avoidant leadership and continuance commitment. The overall results suggest that employees tend to feel less tension and stress and thus ultimately become more affectively and normatively committed to the organizations when the supervisors exhibit transformational leadership behaviors. Passive-avoidant leadership behaviors, on the other hand, act as distal predictors of affective and normative commitment via perceived stress. By enacting passively and showing ignorance to subordinates' needs, passive leaders seem to intensify workplace stressors for followers.

How the social entrepreneurship business model designs in South Africa create value: a complex adaptive systems approach

PurposeThis paper aims to understand social entrepreneurship (SE) business model design to create values whilst undertaking public service delivery within the complex environments of local governments in South Africa.Design/methodology/approachFace-to-face semi-structured interview was conducted with 15 purposively selected social entrepreneurs in Gauteng and Western Cape provinces. The interview guide consisted of main themes and follow-up questions. Themes included SEs’ general history, the social business model; challenges faced and how these were overcome; scaling and growth/survival strategies. These enabled the evaluation of SEs in terms of identifying key criteria of affordability, availability, awareness and acceptability, which SEs must achieve to operate successfully in low-income markets. Social enterprise owners/managers within the electricity distribution, water reticulation and waste management services sectors were surveyed.FindingsMost respondents focus on building a network of trust with stakeholders, through communication mechanisms that emphasize high-frequency engagements. There is also a strong focus on design-thinking and customer-centric approaches that strengthen value creation. The value creation process used both product value and service value mechanisms and emphasized quality and excellence to provide stakeholder, as well as societal value, within their specific contexts.Practical implicationsThis study builds upon other research that emphasizes SEs’ customer-centric approaches to strengthen value creation and on building a network of trust with multiple stakeholders. It contributes to emphasizing the business paradigm shift towards bringing social values to the business practice.Social implicationsSocial good, but resource providers are demanding more concrete evidence to help them understand their impact (Struthers, 2013). This is because it is intrinsically difficult for many social organizations to document and communicate their impact in more than an anecdotal way. The research has contributed to the understanding of how SEs can provide evidence of value creation.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the understanding of how business models are designed to create value within the context of the overwhelming complexity of local government services in South Africa.

Twitter-Mediated Enterprise–Customer Communication: Case of Electricity Distribution Services in a Developing Country

Studies have shown that electric power supply failures can induce customers’ use of media for electric power–related communications. Nigeria is a country with considerably active users of social media but also with incessant electric power outages. However, no known study has been carried out on Nigeria’s electric power–related communications based on social media data. The present study investigated comparatively, the behaviors of companies and customers, in their use of Twitter for enterprise–customer communication on electric power distribution services in Nigeria. Using the data-driven science methods, the study revealed that both companies and customers use Twitter to disseminate information on electric power distribution in Nigeria. Companies’ corpora feature higher percentages of retweets while customers’ corpora feature higher percentages of direct public responses (@replies). The study also revealed a disjoint in the expectations of the companies and customers in their use of Twitter for communicating electric power distribution matters. While companies appear to leverage on the information sharing ability of the medium, customers appear to perceive it as a tool for accessing improved service delivery. The study recommends that Nigeria’s electric power distribution companies should incorporate Twitter into the customer service operation of their companies. This will enable information to get to the set of people who will process customers’ complaints as soon as possible.

Стимулююче тарифне регулювання комунальних послуг: теоретичні основи та практичне застосування

The article aims at studying the manifestation features of the system of incentive tariff regulation of utilities given the need to attract investment to modernize the utilities infrastructure in cities in the field of electricity and centralized water consumption, indicating its risks and benefits. The following methods were used: decomposition, comparative analysis (when considering the methods of tariff calculation based on the "cost plus" principle and on the "rate of return on invested capital and regulatory asset base"), scientific abstraction, systemic approach, construction of scientific hypotheses (when studying the algorithm for the calculation and dynamics of the incentive tariff for electricity distribution services and centralized water consumption). A change in the electricity cost for end consumers under the transition to an incentive tariff for electricity distribution has been modelled. The dynamics of tariffs changes in centralized water consumption services is studied based on the concept of the rate of return on invested capital and regulatory asset base (RAB-methodology), and the number of investment resources that under such conditions can be directed to modernize urban water infrastructure is forecasted. The expediency of different approaches to determining the rate of return on capital (single and differentiated rate) given the legal status of assets is proved. The RAB tariff regulation concept is applied to services in the field of centralized water consumption with the identification of risks and benefits for consumers, service providers and potential investors in the modernization of the industry infrastructure. Given the energy intensity of the services, the impact of the full introduction of the electricity market on the tariffs dynamics and on the need for effective social tension preventers has been identified. The research results prove the necessity and validity of applying incentive tariff regulation in the field of electricity and water consumption, provided that the interests of consumers and service providers are balanced; and allow authorized persons to design a number of appropriate measures to ensure that the service provider invests the established amount of finance in the first regulatory period, given the uncertainty of this issue in the regulations

Grid-Tied Distributed Generation Systems to Sustain the Smart Grid Transformation: Tariff Analysis and Generation Sharing

In this paper a novel model is being proposed and considered by ENEL—the largest electric utility in Chile—and analyzed thoroughly, whereby electric power control and energy management for a 60-apartments’ residential building is presented as an example of the utility’s green energy program, part of its Smart Grid Transformation plan to install grid-tied distributed generation (DG) systems, namely microgrids, with solar generation and energy storage in Santiago, Chile. The particular tariffs scheme analysis shown is part of the overall projected tentative benefits of adopting the new scheme, which will require the utility’s customers to adapt their consumption behavior to the limited supply of renewable energy by changing energy consumption habits and schedules in a way that maximizes the capacity and efficiency of the grid-tied microgrid with energy storage. The change in behavior entails rescheduling power consumption to hours where the energy supply capacity in the DG system is higher and price is lower as well as curtailing their power needs in certain hourly blocks so as to maximize DG system’s efficiency and supply capacity. Nevertheless, the latter presents a problem under the perspective of ENEL’s renewable energy sources (RES) integration plan with the electric utility’s grid supply, which, up until now and due to current electric tariffs law, has not had a clear solution. Under said scenario, a set of strategies based on energy homeostasis principles for the coordination and control of the electricity supply versus customers’ demand has been devised and tested. These strategies which consider various scenarios to conform to grid flexibility requirements by ENEL, have been adapted for the specific needs of these types of customers while considering the particular infrastructure of the network. Thus, the microgrid adjusts itself to the grid in order to complement the grid supply while seeking to maximize green supply capacity and operational efficiency, wherein the different energy users and their energy consumption profiles play a crucial role as “active loads”, being able to respond and adapt to the needs of the grid-connected microgrid while enjoying economic benefits. Simulation results are presented under different tariff options, system’s capacity and energy storage alternatives, in order to compare the proposed strategies with the actual case of traditional grid’s electricity distribution service, where no green energy is present. The results show the advantage of the proposed tariffs scheme, along with power control and energy management strategies for the integration of distributed power generation within ENEL’s Smart Grid Transformation in Chile.

Prioriority actions maps of municipal public services with geospace application

Public services management is a fundamental role to public institutions, providing society with proper resources for a better quality of life. Local characteristics should be considered during public policies planning; however, generalizations are adopted to elaborate studies, overlooking these characteristics. Our objective was to apply a geostatistical analysis into the public services of Campo Mourão, Paraná State. The number of residents per census tracts lacking in water supply, sewage collection, waste collection, street lighting, electricity, and paving was found based on 2010 Census data. The spatial distribution of these data with the software ArcGIS 9.3 enabled the examination of these characteristics via the Cluster and Outlier method, through the Anselin Local Moran's I spatial analysis module, that identified hotspots and coldspots. As a result, it was found that Campo Mourão is satisfactorily supplied with electricity distribution services and waste collection with only 0.5% of absence in the census tracts. The sewage collection by the general network was the most absent service with 37% absence rate. Parque Industrial I and Jardim Isabel neighborhoods stood out as the most devoid of public services. The Cluster and Outlier Analysis is a subsidy tool for policy-making, which can increase efficiency when providing these services.

BENCHMARKING METHODS FOR ANALYZING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OPERATORS

The paper deals with the experience of European countries with liberalized electricity markets in the tariff regulation for electricity distribution services and in applying the benchmarking methods for analysis of the efficiency of distribution system operators (DSO). Selection of the countries was done on the base of the size of an operational area and market concentration that is a number of separated DSOs. Particular attention was given to regulation incentives for DSOs concerning their investments into technologies that are necessary for building the intelligent power systems (Smart Grids). Methods of determining the individual efficiency requirements for DSOs were considered in details: econometric methods (DEA, SFA, StoNED) and reference network methods; advantages and use patterns of each method were noticed. On the basis of the investigations, some suggestions were made for the regulator of the electricity market in Ukraine about opportunities to apply the benchmarking methods for analyzing the efficiency of DSOs.

УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ТАРИФНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ У СФЕРІ ЕЛЕКТРОЕНЕРГЕТИКИ ДЛЯ ДОСЯГНЕННЯ СЕКТОРАЛЬНОЇ ТА МАКРОЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ЗБАЛАНСОВАНОСТІ

Розглянуто проблеми формування тарифної політики в умовах переходу на нову модель ринку електричної енергії в Україні та впровадження стимулюючого ціноутворення у сфері електроенергетики. Визначено основні вади наявної моделі ринку електроенергії; інституціональну структуру і функціональну взаємодію ринкових сегментів нової моделі ринку, заснованої на вільному ціноутворенні на електричну енергію як товар. Акцентовано увагу, що для досягнення секторальної та макроекономічної збалансованості необхідним є належне обгрунтування цін на послуги з розподілу електричної енергії в умовах переходу на нову модель ринку, оскільки тарифи на ці послуги і надалі регулюватимуться державою.Показано, що основними критеріями при формуванні адекватних тарифів в Україні мають бути: посильне фінансове навантаження на більшість учасників ринку електричної енергії з метою забезпечення його збалансованості; достатнє фінансове забезпечення для підтримання належного технічного стану енергетичної інфраструктури. Визначено головні недоліки наявної нормативної бази для впровадження стимулюючого ціноутворення на послуги з розподілу електричної енергії в Україні та причини, пов’язані з відстроченням застосування стимулюючого ціноутворення на дані послуги в Україні.Охарактеризовано основні складові елементи структури стимулюючого ціноутворення, які закладено в економіко-математичну модель з метою сценарного прогнозування фінансово-економічних показників сектору розподілу електричної енергії. Розкрито, що отримані за результатами моделювання прогнозні показники тарифів на розподіл електричної енергії для різних категорій споживачів, а також агреговані фінансово-економічні показники електророзподільних компаній, слід розглядати як галузеві орієнтири для прийняття рішень на рівні національного енергетичного регулятора.