Abstract
In this paper a novel model is being proposed and considered by ENEL—the largest electric utility in Chile—and analyzed thoroughly, whereby electric power control and energy management for a 60-apartments’ residential building is presented as an example of the utility’s green energy program, part of its Smart Grid Transformation plan to install grid-tied distributed generation (DG) systems, namely microgrids, with solar generation and energy storage in Santiago, Chile. The particular tariffs scheme analysis shown is part of the overall projected tentative benefits of adopting the new scheme, which will require the utility’s customers to adapt their consumption behavior to the limited supply of renewable energy by changing energy consumption habits and schedules in a way that maximizes the capacity and efficiency of the grid-tied microgrid with energy storage. The change in behavior entails rescheduling power consumption to hours where the energy supply capacity in the DG system is higher and price is lower as well as curtailing their power needs in certain hourly blocks so as to maximize DG system’s efficiency and supply capacity. Nevertheless, the latter presents a problem under the perspective of ENEL’s renewable energy sources (RES) integration plan with the electric utility’s grid supply, which, up until now and due to current electric tariffs law, has not had a clear solution. Under said scenario, a set of strategies based on energy homeostasis principles for the coordination and control of the electricity supply versus customers’ demand has been devised and tested. These strategies which consider various scenarios to conform to grid flexibility requirements by ENEL, have been adapted for the specific needs of these types of customers while considering the particular infrastructure of the network. Thus, the microgrid adjusts itself to the grid in order to complement the grid supply while seeking to maximize green supply capacity and operational efficiency, wherein the different energy users and their energy consumption profiles play a crucial role as “active loads”, being able to respond and adapt to the needs of the grid-connected microgrid while enjoying economic benefits. Simulation results are presented under different tariff options, system’s capacity and energy storage alternatives, in order to compare the proposed strategies with the actual case of traditional grid’s electricity distribution service, where no green energy is present. The results show the advantage of the proposed tariffs scheme, along with power control and energy management strategies for the integration of distributed power generation within ENEL’s Smart Grid Transformation in Chile.
Highlights
It is estimated by The International Energy Agency (IEA) that global energy demand will grow by more than 25% to 2040 [1]
Tariff Calculation and Assignation for Clustered Customers. This scenario evaluates a homeostatic control strategy that permits an efficient energy management in a residential building connected to the main grid, with a photovoltaic generation plant installed on it, plus energy storage and an energy management control system that has a homeostaticity model built in
The analysis focuses on modeling and simulates a distributed generation (DG) solution for use in a residential sector, which efficient of energy supply and (DG)
Summary
It is estimated by The International Energy Agency (IEA) that global energy demand will grow by more than 25% to 2040 [1]. Enel Distribución S.A., the electricity distribution branch of ENEL in Chile, is one of the partners of this research initiative, where the main aim is to advance the development of a microgrid prototype especially designed for residential buildings in Santiago, Chile in the quest for transiting towards a larger share of green energy generation and consumption at the distribution level Under this scenario and using real client demand data for simulation proposes, customers have the option to choose among the different tariff plans, provided that they meet their respective requirements [33].
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