Electric Power Management Research Articles

Electric vehicles reactive power management and reconfiguration of distribution system to minimise losses

This study investigates the optimal operation of distribution feeder reconfiguration (DFR) strategy in smart distribution system integrated with electric vehicles (EVs) and wind power generation. A two-stage framework is proposed for real and reactive power management and DFR. In the first stage, demand dispatch of EVs is coordinated to utilise available wind power and minimise the total load variations. In the second stage, a comprehensive problem formulation is developed to minimise the losses in the system with simultaneous EVs reactive power management and DFR. A genetic algorithm is used to solve this two-stage optimisation problem. A case study of 33-bus radial distribution system is presented to highlight the efficacy of proposed approach. The obtained results are quantitatively assessed in terms of losses and node voltages. A comparative benchmarking analysis is presented to substantiate the role of DFR and reactive power capability of EVs in improving the system performance.

PHM Based Adaptive Power Management System for a More Electric Aircraft

This research work presents a novel approach that addresses the concept of an adaptive power management system design and development framed in the Prognostics and Health Monitoring(PHM) perspective of an Electrical power Generation and distribution system(EPGS).PHM algorithms were developed to detect the health status of EPGS components which can accurately predict the failures and also able to calculate the Remaining Useful Life(RUL), and in many cases reconfigure for the identified system and subsystem faults. By introducing these approach on Electrical power Management system controller, we are gaining a few minutes lead time to failures with an accurate prediction horizon on critical systems and subsystems components that may introduce catastrophic secondary damages including loss of aircraft. The warning time on critical components and related system reconfiguration must permits safe return to landing as the minimum criteria and would enhance safety. A distributed architecture has been developed for the dynamic power management for electrical distribution system by which all the electrically supplied loads can be effectively controlled. The different failure modes were generated by injecting faults into the electrical power system using a fault injection mechanism. The data captured during these studies have been recorded to form a “Failure Database” for electrical system. A hardware in loop experimental study was carried out to validate the power management algorithm with FPGA-DSP controller. In order to meet the reliability requirements a Tri-redundant electrical power management system based on DSP and FPGA has been developed.

A Novel Method to Apply Reliability-Centered Maintenance on Over-Current Protection Systems

An optimum maintenance plan for the protection systems of substations leads to improve the reliability while reducing the related costs. Reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) is one of the widely used strategies to obtain an optimal maintenance plan. An important issue in the protection systems is lack of a direct way between normal operation states of the pieces of equipment and their failure states, which is named “hidden function”. This hidden function of the equipment in the protection systems is the main issue challenging the implementation of RCM on such systems. Over-current protection systems are one of the main protection systems which are installed in the outgoing distribution feeders of substations. This paper presents a novel approach for the implementation of RCM on the over-current protection systems. The main advantage of the proposed approach is its global consideration of a protection system instead of only focusing on relays. The proposed approach has been applied on two different substations using real data of their over-current protection systems obtained from The Organization of Generation, Transmission, and Distribution Management of Electric Power in Iran (Tavanir). The results reveal a higher reliability and lower costs of the proposed maintenance plan in comparison with current maintenance plans.

Retraction: Intelligent Model for Electric Power Management: Patterns (Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1432 012032)

Published 15 September 2020This article, and others within this volume, has been retracted by IOP Publishing following clear evidence of plagiarism and citation manipulation.This work was originally published in Spanish (1) and has been translated and published without permission or acknowledgement to the original authors. IOP Publishing Limited has discovered other papers within this volume that have been subjected to the same treatment. This is scientific misconduct.Misconduct investigations are ongoing at the author’s institutions. IOP Publishing Limited will update this notice if required once those investigations have concluded. To date, there is no evidence to suggest anyone other than Amelec Viloria / Jesus Silva was directly culpable for the actions that led to retraction.Misconduct investigations are ongoing at the author’s institutions. IOP Publishing Limited will update this notice if required once those investigations have concluded.Anyone with any information regarding these papers is requested to contact conferenceseries@ioppublishing.org.

Fully Automatic Point Cloud Analysis for Powerline Corridor Mapping

Powerline inspection is an important task for electric power management. Corridor mapping, i.e., the task of surveying the surroundings of the line and detecting potentially hazardous vegetation and objects, is performed by aerial light detection and ranging (LiDAR) survey. To this purpose, the main tasks are automatic extraction of the wires and measurement of the distance of objects close to the line. In this article, we present a new fully automated solution, which does not use time-consuming line fitting method, but is based on simple geometrical assumptions and relies on the fact that wire points are isolated, sparse and widely separated from all other points in the data set. In particular, we detect and classify pylons by local-maxima strategy. Then, a new reference system, having its origin on the first pylon and y-axis toward the second one, is defined. In this new reference system, transverse sections of the raw point cloud are extracted; by iterating such procedure for all detected pylons, we are able to detect the wire bundle. Obstacles are then automatically detected according to corridor mapping requirements. The algorithm is tested on two relevant data sets.

Electric Power Management and Heat Supply Systems Using Grid and Storage Technology at the Time of Disaster in Hokkaido

Electric Power Management and Heat Supply Systems Using Grid and Storage Technology at the Time of Disaster in Hokkaido

Electric Power Management and Heat Supply Systems Using Grid and Storage Technology at the Time of Disaster in Hokkaido

Electric Power Management and Heat Supply Systems Using Grid and Storage Technology at the Time of Disaster in Hokkaido

Intelligent Model for Electric Power Management: Patterns

When talking about electric power, the first thing to think about is whether enough electrical energy is generated to use without paying attention to it, similar to thinking that water will never runs out, but when faced with extreme droughts, people think that water can be depleted and they must save. In this sense, electrical energy must be saved and used completely and that is why the term energy efficiency is born. This new trend seeks to save electric power to avoid electricity supply shortages, as when countries face phenomena such as El Niño that generate droughts in some areas and rains in others. So, saving energy is a trend because it is important to be prepared for these phenomena, and guaranteeing a sustainable country. This document shows the importance of energy savings, as well as the need to design intelligent models that help to support the reduction of the problem of excessive consumption of electricity.

Pregled metoda optimizacije primenjenih na sistem upravljanja energijom

Energy is fundamental in supporting people's daily subsists and the continual mission for human life improvement. The computer-aided instruments system used by electric utility grids or microgrids operators to control, monitor, and optimize the power system operation is generally named Energy Management System (EMS). The topic of optimization methods applied to decision making problems in such system is a difficult and complex combination of mathematical formulation, modeling and algorithmic solution. The best result in such process is applied to the problem to be optimized, which must be studied in great depth. Furthermore, difficult mathematical calculations and procedures can be elaborated; also, computer knowledge and software engineering competences must be provided. The subject of this paper is an overview of the existing important optimization methods used in electric power management system such as unit commitment, optimal power flow and economic dispatch.

Power Flow Management With Demand Response Profiles Based on User-Defined Area, Load, and Phase Classification

In recent times, the electric power management based on customers’ demand has drawn significant attention of smart-grid (SG) governors. The SG requires real-time management of dynamic load to maintain the quality of service (i.e., balance between supply and demand) by interfacing with users. In this paper, we propose an approach to respond to the active demand (AD) based on user-defined energy-management policy. An algorithm is also proposed for the smart-controller device (SCD) modeled with the load aggregator and connected to the customers. The total contracted load and the user ADs are determined based on area, load, and phase classification, which specify the individual energy consumption. The proposed scheme is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink using the load-information of the IEEE 30-bus system, and the feasibility is assessed in IEEE 13 and IEEE 34 node test feeder systems. By applying the customer’s controlled SCD device both the deficiency and redundancy of generation in terms of grid controllable load have been improved that lead the maximization of generation and distribution services. The voltage regulation and power factor of the particular area have been enhanced by integrating appropriate distributed generation and power factor improvement devices. The results garnered from the performance analysis show that the proposed scheme can optimize power generation based on the user-defined demand.

Load Sharing of Transformers for Intelligent Electric Power Management

Power management has been one of the focused areas of research from the past few decades. Power blackout is the main problem nowadays and it occurs mainly due to outdated infrastructure used for electricity in industries. In a traditional grid, the consumer load information is obtained manually that is a time-consuming and expensive process. In this paper, a prototype is developed for the real-time off-site data monitoring and control of the consumer loads in the distribution network of the power grid. The designed prototype avoids the tripping of loads by the use of load sharing.

Load Sharing of Transformers for Intelligent Electric Power Management

Power management has been one of the focused areas of research from the past few decades. Power blackout is the main problem nowadays and it occurs mainly due to outdated infrastructure used for electricity in industries. In a traditional grid, the consumer load information is obtained manually which is a time-consuming and expensive process. In this paper, a prototype is developed for the real-time off-site data monitoring and control of the consumer loads in the distribution network of the power grid. The designed prototype avoids the tripping of loads by the use of load sharing.

Load Sharing of Transformers for Intelligent Electric Power Management

Power management has been one of the focused areas of research from the past few decades. Power blackout is the main problem nowadays and it occurs mainly due to outdated infrastructure used for electricity in industries. In a traditional grid, the consumer load information is obtained manually that is a time-consuming and expensive process. In this paper, a prototype is developed for the real-time off-site data monitoring and control of the consumer loads in the distribution network of the power grid. The designed prototype avoids the tripping of loads by the use of load sharing.

Management of the Output Electrical Power in Thermoelectric Generators

Thermoelectric Generators (TEGs) are devices for direct conversion of heat into electrical power and bear a great potential for applications in energy scavenging and green energy harvesting. Given a heat source, the conversion efficiency depends on the available temperature difference, and must be maximized for optimal operation of the TEG. In this frame, the choice of materials with high thermoelectric properties should be accompanied by the identification of criteria for an optimal exploitation of the electrical power output. In this work, we briefly review the main properties of TEGs, focusing on the electrical power output and the thermal-to-electrical conversion efficiency. Besides, we discuss principles of operation of TEGs enabling the optimization of the electrical power output, based on the suitable choice of the electrical load. In particular, we comparatively present and discuss the conditions for matching the electrical load—yielding to maximum power transfer—and those for maximizing the conversion efficiency. We compare the two conditions applying them to the exploitation of a heat reservoir for energy storage and to the recovery of heat from a heat exchanger. We conclude that the difference between the two conditions is not significant enough to justify the complexity required by the implementation of the maximum efficiency. In addition, we consider the effect of the thermal contact resistance on the electrical power output. Using a simple thermal-electrical model, we demonstrate that the equivalent electrical resistance measured between the terminals of the TEG depends on the thermal exchange. Hence, for maximum power transfer, the electrical load of the TEG should not match its parasitic resistance, but the equivalent electrical resistance in each specific operating conditions, which determine the thermal fluxes. The model can be applied for the development of efficient alternative algorithms for maximum power point tracking.

Machine Learning Approach for Electrical Load Forecasting Using Support Vector Regression

The management of power system in Lhokseumawe, Indonesia is complex task for transmission operator and is heavily reliant on knowledge of future energy demand. The available data allows for the maturation of the electricity market and encourages analysis of data to improve the generation, usage and management of electrical power. Our research specially will be based upon the Lhoksuemawe, Aceh data set which gives the total load on electric grid measured in intervals for past several years. In particular, our methods will use machine learning approaches by using support vector machine regression to forecast the average total load on Lhokseumawe, Aceh grid one day head of time. The results will be practically beneficial as utilities can use the predicted values to generate an adequate amount of energy to avoid grid outages and electrical losses as well as construct dynamic pricing schemes based upon future load.

Stability and Reliability of Lateral GaN Power Field-Effect Transistors

GaN electronics constitutes a revolutionary technology with power handling capabilities that amply exceed those of Si and other semiconductors in many applications. RF, microwave, and millimeter-wave GaN-based power amplifiers are now deployed in commercial communications, radar, and sensing systems. GaN power transistors for electrical power management are also starting to reach the marketplace. From the dawn of this technology, inadequate transistor stability and reliability have represented stumbling blocks preventing widespread commercial use of GaN electronics. Intense research has been devoted to addressing these issues, and great progress has taken place recently. This article reviews some of the most interesting and significant stability and reliability issues that have plagued GaN power field-effect transistors for RF and power management applications.

Optimal management of electric power in microgrids under a strategic multi‐objective decision‐making approach and operational proportional adjustment

In energy management systems in microgrids, the combined and on-line use of optimisation and prediction rolling horizons of renewable power and demand may compromise the optimal performance. Usually, the medium-term optimal behaviour improves with additional available convergence time, while the error in predictions worsens with a broader horizon, against the using short-term predictions, which usually contributes to more accurate management. To address this problem, this study proposes the strategical and operational energy management system (SO-EMS) approach, which is based on three complementary management processes: (i) strategic energy management, based on off-line multi-objective optimisation on a rolling horizon, (ii) asynchronous decision making, which offers the ability to incorporate multiple criteria of a microgrid operator in the selection of an optimised energy plan, and (iii) operational power management, as an on-line proportional redistribution and redispatch process based on rules. The SO-EMS evaluation performed on a connected microgrid shows its ability to provide optimised plans on a rolling horizon of 24-h predictions and to adjust them to 1-m predictions. The evaluations made of the scheme also show flexibility because it is possible to redistribute the power assignments of units that are out of service. These features empower the SO-EMS in the broad power management of various connected microgrids.

Вопросы государственной энергетической политики в решениях Госкомитета обороны СССР (1941–1945 гг.)

<span>В статье впервые в историографии проведен источниковедческий анализ комплекса документальных материалов, относящихся к деятельности ГКО СССР по управлению электроэнергетикой. Составлен Перечень из 308 постановлений и распоряжений, распределенных по девяти однородным группам управленческих решений. Показано историческое значение решений ГКО от 18 августа 1943 г. по вопросам регулирования частоты тока в электроэнергетических системах и повышения коэффициента мощности электроустановок промышленных предприятий. Данные решения, принятые в переломный период Великой Отечественной войны, предотвратили «блэкаут» Уральской электроэнергетической системы и стимулировали производителей и потребителей электроэнергии к экономному и рациональному использованию энергетических ресурсов.</span>

An Approach to Insulation Condition Monitoring and Life Assessment in Emerging Electrical Environments

Distributed generation, dc transmission and distribution, and power electronics for ac/dc/ac conversion bring the advantages of increased control and flexibility in electric power management. These advantages also introduce challenges that must be managed. An electrical environment where voltage is not anymore strictly sinusoidal implies that a new approach for the design and maintenance of electrical insulation systems has to be devised. Non-sinusoidal voltage supply often causes increased failure probability and, thus, reduced reliability and life of an electrical asset. This research addresses the implications of the transient and steady waveform distortion introduced by power electronic systems and dc supply, for which the electrical insulation was designed and tested through consolidated criteria based on sinusoidal voltage supply. Based on condition monitoring, a health index definition is proposed, which allows the condition of the insulation of an electrical apparatus to be assessed as a function of operation time, and, based on the aging and life models, the evaluation of maintenance actions and of the feasibility and extent of life extension plans to be carried out.

Identification of Similar Loads for Electric Power Management in Smart Grid

This paper deals with the identification of highly similar loads in Smart Grids. The goal is to apply load characterization techniques to define a unique load signature. In this work is used a platform composed of four fluorescent lamps with the same technical data and from the same manufacturer. Fluorescent lamps can be driven individually or together allowing for 16 different operating configurations, this means, from no one lamp turned on to all the lamps turned on. For each configuration, 150 voltage cycles and 150 cycles of total circuit current are collected at a frequency of 25 kHz. Then, two forms of load signatures are tested, one where the signature is composed of 14 characteristics and another one, based on the entropy of Shannon and Renyi, where the signature can have 5, 15, 45 or 85 characteristics. After defining the signature, it is necessary to go through the classification system to find the lowest error rate of the identification system. In this work, five classifiers were tested. The lowest error rate found was 25.63% and is close to the literature when the scenario is composed of different loads, thus proving the efficiency of the presented method.