Electric Power Engineering Research Articles

The Study of Auditing Monitor Mode in Electric Power Engineering

Electric power grid enterprises have made huge investment in electric power engineering every year. When the increasing number of projects has made management of projects stumble badly, auditing monitor has become extremely important. However, it is obvious that the shortage of auditing resource can not meet the demand of 100% engineering audit coverage when faced with huge oversee work. Therefore, it is necessary to study and innovate a new monitored mode to resolve the problem between huge oversee work and the shortage of auditing resource. This paper focuses on discussing how to choose the monitor mode of engineering audit and how to construct real-time dynamic auditing monitor system.

Grid Integration [In My View

As a research area, grid integration of variable renewable energy resources touches all areas of electrical power engineering. It stretches into areas as diverse as economics and social science, is both applied and fundamental, and has aspects that require technology development and others that require analysis. It is topical and fast moving, has longevity, and involves stakeholders as diverse as policy makers, equipment manufacturers, and system operators. Grid integration is, in my view, the most interesting and exciting area of research in the world today. In addition to experiencing increasing levels of renewable energy sources, electricity grids are undergoing other significant changes including the deployment of smart meters, more active demand-side participation, and increasing levels of energy efficiency.

Practical Experiences with Li-Ion Traction Accumulator in an Electric Bike

An electric bike (1kW) with a Li-Ion accumulator 28V/42A was constructed and tested in the Department of power electrical and electronic engineering. Panasonic cells CGR18650C (ca 2Ah) are used in the accumulator. The battery is completed with 7 serial-connected blocks. Each block is a set of 21 parallel-connected cells. The accumulator was tested in the vehicle since 2005 till now. During the tests a distance of approx. 12000km was driven. Some theoretical know-how about the used charging and discharging strategy and about the battery management system is proposed in this contribution. Practical results regarding the lifetime, capacity decreasing, charging problems, temperature dependencies and cell voltage balancing are visible from the long-time experiment described in this contribution too.

The resource potential as the basis for sustainable development of the Komi Republic

Reserves of mineral resources in Komi are estimated. Prospects of development of the industrial branches of this region (oil-gas, coal and metallurgical, as well as electric power engineering), are examined.

A Study of a New Generation of Multi-Functional Aluminium Alloys for the Power Industry

This paper discusses the most current issues of overhead power transmission relative to the development of new conductive materials with unconventional technological and operational qualities. The present condition is based on the one hand on the traditional aluminium-steel conductors with their numerous weaknesses, and on the other hand on state of the art design solutions employing self-supporting, highly-conductive, and thermally and rheologically resistant aluminium alloys. A gap exists between pure aluminium-based conductors which are no longer sufficient and conductors made of precipitation hardened aluminium alloys, which even though they allow to achieve perfect properties, they are not sufficiently cost-effective as for their complex manufacturing technologies. For these reasons, light and sufficiently strong materials based on aluminium are needed, which enable simplified technologies for processing into conductors. Non-precipitation hardened aluminium alloys with such alloy additives as Fe, Si, Cu, Mg, Ti, B, and rare earth metals are preferred in this area. An appropriate composition of these elements, as well as manufacturing and alloy production technology (casting, rolling and drawing) create potential opportunities to obtain wires and conductors with application properties required by electrical power engineering. This paper thoroughly analyses the impact of various elements on the formation of mechanical and electrical properties of aluminium alloys.

Innovative Calorimetric AC Loss Measurement of HTSC for Power Applications

The applications of high-temperature superconductors (HTS) in electric power components have been widely reported and various studies have been made to define their alternating current (AC) losses-a key design parameter for many practical high power electrical engineering applications. However, very few studies over the range 25 to 45 K have been conducted even though this is one of the favored temperature ranges for cost-effective applications of HTS. Methods and techniques used to characterize and measure these losses have been so far grouped into `electrical' and `calorimetric' approaches with external conditions set to resemble the application conditions. In this paper, we present an approach using the calorimetric method to accurately determine losses in the superimposed AC and DC fields likely to be experienced in practical devices such as Fault Current Limiters. This technique provides great simplification compared to pick-up coil and lock-in amplifier methods and is applied to a lower temperature range. The preliminary loss data at 40 K will be presented in applied AC magnetic fields with DC fields up to 1T. The data of losses obtained on this sample will allow the estimation and minimization of losses in practical high power HTS coils and will be used in the verification of numerical coil models.

Editorial

European academic institutions specializing in the education of electric power engineers had experienced over the last number of years some difficulties in maintaining a high quality level of teaching. These difficulties arose from two factors acting in parallel: the first is related to the gradual increase in the economic constrains within the education sector, and the second stems from the negative image of the electric power industry created by the media, which often presented the powerrelated activities as "dirty" and "old-fashioned." Both factors led to a continuous reduction of the number of students interested in electrical power engineering. At the same time, cost reductions in teaching led to reductions in academic and technical staff, resulting in the closing of teaching and research laboratories, with the indication that computer simulations can replace them satisfactorily. This tendency, earlier initiated in the United States, was followed by some European counties.

Share Your Thoughts [Letters to the Editor

Readers are encouraged to share their views on issues affecting the electric power engineering profession. Send your letters to Mel Olken, editor in chief, m.olken@ieee.org. Letters may be edited for publication.

Web-based interface of chaotic swing dynamics in electric power systems

Researchers have showed that bifurcation and chaos theory are a proper and applicable method to study the mechanism of producing cascading failure in a power system by numerous studies. Because of the need for this analysis of cascading failures in power system, we should use such chaotic models and bifurcations models which require strong mathematical background for nonlinear differential equation solution tools and iterative methods. In this context we can say that MATLAB® is a widely used strong computational environment for research and development many large applications continue to be developed and deployed using MATLAB. MATLAB has also enhanced toolboxes and is flexible environment for web platforms. Especially after releasing Deployment Project Toolbox, MATLAB simulations and calculation capabilities have generously been transferred into web environments especially using WebFigureControl component. Web platform is also a great chance for sharing nonlinear dynamics and chaotic modeling studies. These great gaps into literature directed us to transfer our nonlinear dynamics workings in electrical power engineering via web platform. By these thoughts, we have designed a chaotic simulation web portal that simulate and model our nonlinear power system analysis workings. In this study, we focused on a Two machine infinity bus (TMIB) power system model as case study. Key words: Power system, swing dynamics, chaos, WebFigureControl, web simulations.

Optical fibre current sensor for electrical power engineering

Optical fibre current sensor for electrical power engineering

Optical Sensor of the Magnetic Field in Electrical Power Engineering

Optical Sensor of the Magnetic Field in Electrical Power Engineering K. Barczak, T. Pustelny, Z. Zycki, T. Blazejczyk and D. Dorosz Department of Optoelectronics, Institute of Physics, Silesian University of Technology Krzywoustego 2, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland Electrotechnical Institute, Pozaryskiego 28, 04-703 Warsaw, Poland Department of Optical Radiation, Bialystok Technical University, Wiejska 45, 15-950 Bialystok, Poland The authors of the presented paper deal with investigations concerning applications of the optical fiber sensor of the magnetic field in electric DC engines with permanent magnets. The aim of the sensor is to measure the state of magnetization of permanent magnets (basing on the measurements of magnetic field induction). The knowledge of the state of magnetization helps to decide whether permanent magnets need to be additionally magnetized in order to prevent damages of the whole engine. This can be done automatically, even when the engine is running. For the purpose the Faraday magnetooptic effect is used. The presented investigations concern an optical fiber sensor of the magnetic field provided with a glass rod characterized a high value of the Verdet constant as the sensing element. Thanks to the application of optical fibers the connection of the sensor head with the whole measuring system is constructed of insulating material without using of electrical connections. PACS numbers: 42.70.−a, 42.81.−i, 42.79.Pw, 78.20.Ls

Water management complex of Russia: Concept, state of the art, and problems

The structure of the water management complex of the Russian Federation is discussed. The main features showing the degree of meeting the demands for water in different spheres of economic activities are presented. The tendencies for variations in volumes of water use are revealed in housing facilities and public utilities, manufacturing and extractive branches of industry, electric power engineering, and agriculture. The article shows the present condition of fishery in inland water bodies, river craft and the infrastructure of inland water and aquatic water transport, and recreation.

Engineering the Future

A collaborative effort to strengthen the U.S. power and energy workforce. Some of us are old, some of us are young, and some of us refuse to acknowledge the difference. At any age, electric power and energy engineers contribute to the sustainability of life on this planet and the future growth of technology and society on all fronts. At a time when the U.S. economy is still struggling to employ more people, the power and energy sector worries about new talent to replace retiring experience. This article introduces readers to the Power and Energy Engineering Workforce Collaborative (PWC), an initiative on the part of IEEE Power & Energy Society (PES). The PWC was created to strengthen the U.S. power and energy workforce needed for the smart grid of the future and related technologies. Much of the material included here comes from the document shown in Figure 1. As these workforce issues greatly affect the United States, this work is being closely coordinated with IEEE-USA.

Where School Is Cool

Electrical Engineering and Power Engineering are alive and well in Latin America. While IEEE and IEEE Power and Energy Society look for ways to entice high school students in the United States to go into engineering, the demand for engineering slots in Latin American universities grows every year, with the best students in those countries aiming for the profession. The challenge faced by the United States is that in a country of 309 million people, only 800 to 1,000 undergraduates interested in power engineering jobs graduate each year. Brazil, with a population of 192 million, graduates approximately 1,000 power engineers each year. Furthermore, U.S. enrollment in master's and doctoral programs in power engineering is around 550 per year for each, but roughly 60% of those graduates come from abroad and return to their countries after graduation. In contrast, Brazil trains 120 postgraduates in power engineering each year, and most stay in the country.

On the flow of geomagnetically induced currents in an electric power transmission network

Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in conductor networks are among the ground-level effects of space weather. GICs are a possible source of problems to the system. Today, electric power transmission grids are the most important concern regarding GICs, which may in the worst cases lead to blackouts in large areas and permanent damage to transformers. The evaluation of GIC risks and the design of possible countermeasures require estimation of expected GIC magnitudes in transformers. This can be achieved by model calculations supplemented by GIC recordings at some sites. Although in principle GICs can flow all over a large galvanically-connected power grid, which should thus be included as a whole in a GIC calculation, the network must usually be restricted somehow in practical computations of GICs. By using a power grid test model, this paper provides a systematic numerical investigation showing that GICs do not flow over very long distances in a power grid, which is a good result and justifies the neglect of the parts of the network that lie far away from the area of primary interest. Besides practical significance in electric power engineering, studies of GICs can be used for space physics and geophysical research as well. It is also important to understand the features of the flow pattern of GICs in a network.

Multiobjective Optimization: An Educational Opportunity in Power Engineering

This letter describes multiobjective optimization as a topic to be included in an undergraduate electric power engineering curriculum.

Electric power engineers [In My View

Explains why power engineering has disappeared from many campuses and what can be done to correct the situation.

Renewable energy in power systems

Foreword . Preface . Acknowledgements . 1 Energy and Electricity . 1.1 The World Energy Scene. 1.2 The Environmental Impact of Energy Use. 1.3 Generating Electricity. 1.4 The Electrical Power System. References. 2 Features of Conventional and Renewable Generation . 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Conventional Sources: Coal, Gas and Nuclear. 2.3 Hydroelectric Power. 2.4 Wind Power. 2.5 PV and Solar Thermal Electricity. 2.6 Tidal Power. 2.7 Wave Power. 2.8 Biomass. 2.9 Summary of Power Generation Characteristics. 2.10 Combining Sources. References. 3 Power Balance/ Frequency Control . 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Electricity Demand. 3.3 Power Governing. 3.4 Dynamic Frequency Control of Large Systems. 3.5 Impact of Renewable Generation on Frequency Control and Reliability. 3.6 Frequency Response Services from Renewables. 3.7 Frequency Control Modelling. 3.8 Energy Storage. References. Other Useful Reading. 4 Electrical Power Generation and Conditioning . 4.1 The Conversion of Renewable Energy into Electrical Form. 4.2 The Synchronous Generator. 4.3 The Transformer. 4.4 The Asynchronous Generator. 4.5 Power Electronics. 4.6 Applications to Renewable Energy Generators. References. 5 Power System Analysis . 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 The Transmission System. 5.3 Voltage Control. 5.4 Power Flow in an Individual Section of Line. 5.5 Reactive Power Management. 5.6 Load Flow and Power System Simulation. 5.7 Faults and Protection. 5.8 Time Varying and Dynamic Simulations. 5.9 Reliability Analysis. References. 6 Renewable Energy Generation in Power Systems . 6.1 Distributed Generation. 6.2 Voltage Effects. 6.3 Thermal Limits. 6.4 Other Embedded Generation Issues. 6.5 Islanding. 6.6 Fault Ride-through. 6.7 Generator and Converter Characteristics. References. 7 Power System Economics and the Electricity Market . 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 The Costs of Electricity Generation. 7.3 Economic Optimization in Power Systems. 7.4 External Costs. 7.5 Effects of Embedded Generation. 7.6 Support Mechanisms for Renewable Energy. 7.7 Electricity Trading. References. 8 The Future - Towards a Sustainable Electricity Supply System . 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 The Future of Wind Power. 8.3 The Future of Solar Power. 8.4 The Future of Biofuels. 8.5 The Future of Hydro and Marine Power. 8.6 Distributed Generation and the Shape of Future Networks. 8.7 Conclusions. References. Appendix: Basic Electric Power Engineering Concepts . A.1 Introduction. A.2 Generators and Consumers of Energy. A.3 Why AC?. A.4 AC Waveforms. A.5 Response of Circuit Components to AC. A.6 Phasors. A.7 Phasor Addition. A.8 Rectangular Notation. A.9 Reactance and Impedance. A.10 Power in AC Circuits. A.11 Reactive Power. A.12 Complex Power. A.13 Conservation of Active and Reactive Power. A.14 Effects of Reactive Power Flow - Power Factor Correction. A.15 Three-phase AC. A.16 The Thevenin Equivalent Circuit. Reference. Index.

Szanse rozwoju polskiej energetyki na tle zaostrzających się wymagań środowiskowych i ekonomicznych

Electrical power engineering is an area which exerts a significant influence on the natural environments. This effect can be examined in two aspects: consumption of energy fossil resources and natural environment pollution with gases, dusts and other waste of the combustion process. The necessity to adjust to more restrictive environmental and economic requirements constitutes opportunities for certain power stations and a dangerous threat for others. Power stations must be competitive in order to be able to adapt to the changing environment. Competitiveness means achieving a permanent ability to generate energy satisfying demand and an ability to sell it at the price which at least covers production costs, i.e. ensuring profit. Being competitive means selling energy at a profit both domestically and internationally, striving to pursue one's own interests, attempting to present the price, quality offer or other qualities being more beneficial than others and affecting the decision to conclude a transaction.

Hybrid power systems – An effective way of utilising primary energy sources

Nowadays in many countries the increase of generating capacity takes place in small units within the framework of so-called distributed power industry (distributed generation – DG, embedded generation), and among them in hybrid power systems (HPS). In this paper we present our experience of the design, build and exploitation of HPS in the Institute of Electrical Power Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology. The following major subjects are considered: ■ the experience of exploitation of a hybrid solar – wind power plant, ■ a solar power plant with a fuel cell, ■ the concept of a wind power plant with a battery energy storage, ■ the utilisation of a DC micro-grid for the integration of different electrical energy sources.