Electric Facilities Research Articles

Resource-Based Utilization of Mineral Mining Operations in Panzhihua City, China: Basis for Strategic Plan

The comprehensive utilization of resources has become an urgent task to transform the mode of economic growth, develop a circular economy, build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. The study conducted descriptive analysis to examine the resource-based utilization of mineral mining operations in Panzhihua City, China, through interviews with management and employees using questionnaires. It systematically described various aspects of mining operations, such as resource annual production, electric power consumption, manpower utilization, facilities and equipment, logistics, and production costs. Challenges highlighted included the gradual process of obtaining buy-in from managers and employees and convincing consumers to prioritize environmental protection. Based on these findings, a strategic plan was developed for mineral mining operators in Panzhihua City, focusing on addressing weaknesses and implementing strategies to improve resource utilization in areas like production, power consumption, manpower utilization, facilities, equipment, logistics, and production costs. These insights and strategies are crucial for mining operators in Panzhihua City to navigate challenges effectively and improve overall performance in resource utilization and allocation, ensuring long-term success and sustainability in the competitive mining industry landscape.

Analysis of the Influence of Human Development Index and Infrastructure Development on Improving Economic Inequality in Papua Province (Case Study of Eight Districts la Pago Customary territory)

Puspose: This study aims to analyze the effect of human development index and Infrastructure development (road length, health facilities, education facilities, housing facilities, lighting facilities, clean water facilities, per capita income) on improving economic inequality as measured by general public for the period 2013-2022. Method: Secondary data is needed to provide an explanation or answer to the research question. The data analysis model used in this study uses a panel data model with a linear regression approach (OLS). Result and Conclusion: The results showed that HDI (X1) had a positive effect on the gini ratio (Y), with a value of Prob. = 0,0374 < 0,05. Road length (X2) has a positive effect on the gini ratio (Y), with a value of Prob. = 0,0034 < 0,05. Health facilities (X3) have a positive effect on the gini ratio (Y), with a value of Prob. = 0,0079 < 0,05 . Educational facilities (X4) negatively affect the gini ratio (Y), with a value of Prob. = 0,1261 > 0,05. Housing facilities (X5) have a positive effect on the gini ratio (Y), with a value of Prob. = 0,0239 < 0,05. Electric lighting facilities (X6) have a positive effect on the gini ratio (Y), with a value of Prob. = 0,0017 < 0,05. Clean water facilities (X7) have a positive effect on the gini ratio (Y), with a value of Prob. = 0,0131 < 0,05. GRDP per capita (X8) has a positive effect on the gini ratio (Y), with a value of Prob. = 0,0349 < 0,05. Implication of Research: Based on the results of the analysis above, the districts/cities included in Hierarchy I are Jayawijaya Regency and Pegunungan Bintang Regency. In Hierarchy II there are Nduga Regency and Yalimo Regency. In Hierarchy III there are Yahukimo Regency, Lani Jaya Regency, Central Mamberamo Regency and Tolikara Regency. Originality/Value: This shows that Jayawijaya Regency and Pegunungan Bintang Regency are attractive areas for residents to carry out activities in the region due to the availability of various economic, social and government facilities. People who come to the area can get their various needs in close proximity. People will come there for shopping, schooling, and more. This is an attraction for the area to be visited, thus increasing the volume of transactions.

ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ СИСТЕМ РЕЛЕЙНОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ И АВТОМАТИКИ ЦИФРОВЫХ ПОДСТАНЦИЙ

A comprehensive analysis of the data on the technical accounting of the functioning of electrical relay protection complexes in the unified national electric power grid of Russia is presented, thanks to which the main types, causes and patterns of incorrect and emergency operation of the entire range of protections are established. An approach to the potential transition to servicing industrial electric power facilities based on the use of the entire set of relay protection functionality to solve the problems of automating maintenance procedures on a new hardware and methodological basis is proposed. Optimal criteria for evaluating the operability of electrical relay protection complexes and automation of digital transformer substations are formulated, which additionally take into account the influence of completeness and reliability of electrical information on the condition of protected electrical equipment affecting the quality of protection. It is shown that the organization of maintenance of electrical equipment by means of relay protection and automation according to the actual condition at an energy facility with a developed system of automated information collection and processing is a natural step of transformation in the electric power industry. The analysis of the relevance of the current technology of maintenance and repair of electrical equipment showed a significant reduction in the impact on the functional groups of measurement, information environment and receiving modules of electrical relay protection complexes and automation of digital substations.

Hollow waveguide CO2 laser sensing system for rapid detection of trace sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) has been widely applied in electrical facilities due to its excellent electrical insulation and high-voltage arc extinguishing properties, although it is a potent greenhouse gas. Rapid detection of trace SF6 gas is significant for monitoring the operation safety of high-voltage power grid facilities and greenhouse gas emissions. In this work, a SF6 gas sensing system was proposed and built using a CO2 laser as the light source and a 700 μm bore Ag/AgI hollow glass waveguide (HGW) as the gas chamber and laser transmission channel. Sensing performances of the SF6 gas HGW sensors with different lengths were investigated. The gas sensing sensitivity and standard deviation (SD) of blank increase as the waveguide length increases. The limit of detection (LOD) decreases with waveguide length increase but the decline becomes less pronounced after the length exceeds 120 cm. The HGW length exhibits minor effect on the response and recovery time of the sensor system. The sensor sensitivity undergoes a slight reduction as the HGW is bent. Optimization of the sensing performance was achieved based on the straight 120 cm-length HGW SF6 gas sensor system. Its sensitivity reaches 0.384 dB/ppm and the LOD is 148 ppb with good cyclic response characteristics (response and recovery time 2–3 s). The present work provides a feasible idea for building up a trace SF6 gas sensing system with simple structure, easy operation and high performances.

Behavioral-alike model-driven residential charger power projection in serving private electric mobility in the new capital city of Indonesia

The provision of electric charging facilities in public areas, public transport depots, logistics depots, logistics consignment hubs, and residential areas is targeted for Indonesia’s new capital city (INCC) in pacing the (near to) zero-emission in the transport sector by 2045. Hence, the supportive electric mobility infrastructure should gradually be merged from the design stage to achieve directed goals. However, since the planning process for grid-supporting infrastructure is undergoing or within the preliminary phase or has not been done yet, there is a lack of required data, i.e., the rollout number of electric vehicles (EVs) units, sizing areas, and the compliance interconnection feeder. Meanwhile, using practical estimations or averaging techniques could lead to significant discrepancies, particularly regarding grid-supportive investment planning, i.e., redesign for grid capacity assets. On that concern, the paper constructs a model-driven using the predictive Monte Carlo method (MCM) to generate power load patterns, mimicking behavior-alike of residential home chargers for two|three|four wheeled EVs (2|3|4 WEVs) providing high-resolution power consumption data over unknown parameters related to the EVs properties, user behavior charging timeframes, and the expected tailor-made platform (sizing and allocation). Therefore, the findings are expected to be evidence-based replanning policy for policymakers, energy planners, and utilities.

Analysis of The Effect of Maintenance and Calibration Against Localizer Equipment Performance

To support aviation safety, equipment facilities are needed that are able to provide information, guidance, and signs so that aircraft are safe from the time they take off until they land. So that the risk of landing failure can be minimized, equipment is needed that can guide aircraft to land correctly and safely (Supriyadi, 2012). One of the navigation aids is the Instrument Landing System (ILS). An instrument Landing System (ILS) is an instrument landing tool (non-visual) that assists pilots in carrying out aircraft approach and landing procedures at an airport. ILS provides information that is accurate enough so that pilots can make landings in all weather conditions. This really helps airports in carrying out their services, so that air traffic activities can run safely and smoothly. There are three information components of the ILS system, namely: Localizer Transmitter as a guide to the right/left of the runway axis/axle, Glide Slope Transmitter as a guide to the landing angle on the runway axis. Marker Beacon (Inner, Middle, Outer Marker Beacon) which is located at a certain distance from the threshold as a horizontal distance guide to the runway threshold. In aviation navigation services, Localizer equipment must be ready to operate and maintained, so maintenance and reporting procedures are required which have been stipulated in the Guidelines for Maintenance and Reporting of Aviation Electronics and Electrical Facilities Equipment. Apart from maintenance, navigation aids require calibration to ensure that the performance of the Localizer navigation aids is in good condition and can provide a good angle for landing in accordance with the provisions of the Instructions and Procedures for Carrying Out Calibration of Flight Facilities and Procedures. The method used in this research is a quantitative method. Based on the results of the F test, all independent variables, namely maintenance, and calibration, simultaneously or together influence the performance of the localizer equipment. This is proven by the calculated F result of 24.403 > F table 3.18 and a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05.

An Artificial Physarum polycephalum Colony for the Electric Location-Routing Problem

Electric vehicles invented for environmental sustainability are prone to adverse impacts on environmental sustainability due to the location and construction of their charging facilities. In this article, an artificial Physarum polycephalum colony is proposed to solve the novel challenging problem. First, the electric location-routing problem is established as a multi-objective network panning model with electric constraints to provide the optimal charging infrastructure layout, electric vehicle maintenance costs, and traffic conditions. The electric facility location problem and vehicle routing problem are integrated by integer programming, which considers the total distance, total time, total cost, total number of electric vehicles, and order fill rate. Second, an artificial Physarum polycephalum colony is introduced to solve the complex electric location-routing problem and includes the two basic operations of expansion and contraction. In the expansion operation, the optimal parent individuals will generate more offspring individuals, so as to expand the population size. In the contraction operation, only individuals with high fitness will be selected to survive through a merge sorting algorithm, resulting in a decrease in population size to the initial value. Through the iterative computing of the two main operations, the proposed artificial Physarum polycephalum colony can finally find the optimal solution to the objective function. Third, a benchmark test is designed for the electric location-routing problem by extracting the real road network from Tokyo, and the experimental results prove the effectiveness and applicability of this work.

Electromagnetic interference and the effect of low-voltage protective measures at electric vehicle charging stations

The nominal power of electric vehicle charging stations or charging parks is constantly increasing. Most of the users are ordinary persons and handle such equipment with a rated power of several 100 kW. Until now, equipment with such power ratings was only common in electrical operating facilities such as industrial plants where the users are at least instructed and protective measures are specified. If ordinary persons handle equipment with such power ratings in the field, the question arises as to whether the conventional safety goals are met in the event of an electrical fault. The consideration is: If the power increases so much, it can be assumed that the short-circuit power and thus the fault current increase and so does the risk of a dangerous electric shock. In this contribution, calculations of line-to-earth short-circuits on the low-voltage AC side of the three-phase system and their effects in typical configurations of charging stations are carried out. Considering the electromagnetic interference, the calculations provide the fault current and its distribution to determine the electrical potentials during the fault. From this, the (partial) fault voltages and active fault voltages are calculated. Based on the active fault voltage, the expected body impedance and consequently, the body current can be determined. With the body current and the break time of the protection device the risk of electric shock using international standards as guidelines is evaluated. As a result, recommendations for the planning, installation and safe operation of charging stations are given. It turns out that considering certain aspects like the conductor cross-sections or the electromagnetic interference, the risk of electric shock can be reduced to a conventional level. Periodic testing of the electrical system is necessary for safe and reliable operation. For example, follow-on faults due to unintended, improper use by ordinary persons can be prevented. Also, regular inspection of the electrical system is necessary for safe and reliable operation to prevent hazards due to aging or wear. However, it seems challenging to define an installation guideline that applies to all configurations as the boundary conditions vary depending on the type of system, installations in the area of interference and environmental influences.

Visiting green spaces can reduce considerable carbon emissions during summer: Evidence from Chongqing, China

Outdoor activities can reduce the time residents spend at home, which can reduce their power consumption resulting from the usage of air conditioning, electric fans, and other electrical facilities, especially in hot summers. This study aims to investigate whether and how much power consumption can be saved by visiting green spaces (VGS) during summer, which is converted into carbon emission reduction (CER) to compare with the carbon sink by vegetation. Taking Chongqing, a famous furnace city in China, as an example, questionnaire surveys and visitor records were conducted to investigate visitors’ activities in urban parks and their cooling methods at home. The results showed that: 1) The average time of VGS for each respondent was 1.66 h, and the CER generated by the VGS of 469 respondents was 144.56 kg per day. The carbon emission reduction factor of the VGS was 0.187 kg/person/h. A total of approximately 25.90 t carbon emissions, which was approximately equivalent to the carbon sink by vegetation in one year, could be reduced in Shaping Park in one summer. 2) People aged 55–64 had the highest daily CER (0.35 kg/person) due to the longer disposable time that allowed them to spend in the parks. Males had a higher CER than females. 3) Shaded chess squares had the highest daily CER of 34.25 kg, with large areas of tree-shaded space. 4) Combination of spatiotemporal behavior showed that elderly individuals playing chess games in shaded chess squares could generate the maximum CER in the urban park. This study provided some references for urban planners and landscape designers to design green spaces that can attract more visitors and longer stays, thereby achieving more power savings and corresponding carbon emissions.

Reducing the Threat of Electrical Hazards through the Application of Solar Energy: Realizing Child-Friendly Electricity in Elementary Schools.

<p><em>The advancement of information technology provides ease of learning. However, learning media in schools usually depends on average electrical settings and electronic devices to support information technology (IT). The learning media in Indonesia generally depends on the utilization of PLN's electrical energy. It is undeniable that electricity is a basic need in teaching and learning activities today, even though the existence of electrical installations in the midst of children saves dangers that need to be anticipated. The solution is to provide socialization and education on child-friendly technology. In this case, the school community will be introduced to utilizing and building safe electrical installations for children. In principle, some electrical components available on the market will have their own level of safety, and safe and child-friendly components must be chosen. Furthermore, electrical installations will be built with solar energy sources because the technology has many advantages, including renewable energy, without high-voltage cable networks, and providing efficiency in school operational costs. It is more important that solar electricity can work at low voltages to be safe in children's environments.</em> <em>The result at the activity location installed electricity from Solar Power Plant with a 300 Watt inverter to provide electricity for school computer devices. In addition, 10 outdoor lighting points are installed that are set to turn on and off automatically. The main goal to provide efficient and safe electrical facilities for children has been well realized.</em></p>

An evaluation model for smart grids in support of smart cities based on the Hierarchy of Needs Theory

Smart cities depend highly on an intelligent electrical networks to provide a reliable, safe, and clean power supplies. A smart grid achieves such aforementioned power supply by ensuring resilient energy delivery, which presents opportunities to improve the cost-effectiveness of power supply and minimize environmental impacts. A systematic evaluation of the comprehensive benefits brought by smart grid to smart cities can provide necessary theoretical fundamentals for urban planning and construction towards a sustainable energy future. However, most of the present methods of assessing smart cities do not fully take into account the benefits expected from the smart grid. To comprehensively evaluate the development levels of smart cities while revealing the supporting roles of smart grids, this article proposes a model of smart city development needs from the perspective of residents’ needs based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory, which serves the primary purpose of building a smart city. By classifying and reintegrating the needs, an evaluation index system of smart grids supporting smart cities was further constructed. A case analysis concluded that smart grids, as an essential foundation and objective requirement for smart cities, are important in promoting scientific urban management, intelligent infrastructure, refined public services, efficient energy utilization, and industrial development and modernization. Further optimization suggestions were given to the city analyzed in the case include strengthening urban management and infrastructure constructions, such as electric vehicle charging facilities and wireless coverage.

MACROMODELING OF LOCAL POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM BALANCE FORECASTING USING FRACTAL PROPERTIES OF LOAD AND GENERATION SCHEDULES

A method of forecasting the balance of electricity consumption of urban development objects, civil purposes using discrete macromodels is proposed. We consider the power supply system (PSS) of the district, which is characterised by power supply from general-purpose power grids, as well as having its own generation of electricity from renewable energy sources (RES). Such a local electric power system (LES) under certain conditions can be operated as an independent balanced electrical facility. For optimal operation of the LES under these conditions, it is necessary to predict its power consumption schedules. The proposed macromodelling method allows to develop deterministic models of power consumption with the required accuracy on the basis of retrospective information without the use of data preprocessing procedures. The solution to the problem of forecasting electricity consumption schedules is simplified by using only basic or deterministic characteristics in the construction of the model. These include fractal properties of PSS load schedules.

A study of the impact of voltage sag on sensitive loads at low-voltage distribution areas

Under the background of the dual carbon goal and the new power system, the power system becomes more complex and diverse, and voltage sag events caused by short-circuit faults, overloads, switching operations, large motor starting, and distributed generation access are more frequent. On the other hand, with the increasing sensitivity of low-voltage distribution network electrical equipment to power quality, especially for precision process control equipment using computers, power electronics, and automation technology, new energy generating units, and electric vehicle charging facilities, voltage sag accidents will cause difficult-to-estimate losses in equipment production and operation, and frequent voltage sag events have become one of the main power quality problems affecting reliable power supply and normal equipment operation. To address this problem, this paper analyzes the impact of voltage sag on low-voltage substation loads from a mechanism perspective, establishes a voltage sag tolerance curve for electronic appliances through experimental research, and simulates and verifies the effectiveness and correctness of the method in this paper using a 3 MW-rated induction generator connected to the distribution network as an example.

Accelerating Two-Phase Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm for Electric Location-Routing Problems

Electric location-routing problem is a challenging problem consisting of the optimization of electric vehicle routing and charging facility location, simultaneously. Existing algorithms generally adopt the two-phase search strategy to alternately optimize the routing and the location. However, they are usually criticized for the inefficiency as the problem scale increases. In order to improve the search efficiency in each phase, we propose an accelerating two-phase multiobjective evolutionary algorithm, where the learning method is used to mine the useful information from the historical search process to generate the high-quality routing and location offspring. To be specific, in the routing optimization phase, an interpolation method is developed to extract the frequent visiting orders existing in the historical best solutions. These frequent visiting orders are used to create potential routing offspring that can accelerate the convergence toward the optimal solutions. In the location optimization phase, a surrogate model is used to approximatively represent the relationship from routing to location, which can directly output a promising location scheme for a given routing offspring and thus reduce the optimization time. Experimental results on different scales of test instances demonstrate the competitiveness of the proposed algorithm in comparison with several state of-the-art algorithms, including four widely used heuristic algorithms and two multiobjective evolutionary algorithms.

Numerical and experiment study on ventilation performance of the equipment compartment of Alpine high-speed train

Alpine High-Speed Train serves on the Lanzhou-Urumqi Line in northwest China, where the terrain is mainly the Gobi Desert. To adapt to this complex environment, the independent-air duct is mainly used for the electrical facilities inside the equipment compartment to prevent the spread of sand particles. This isolated air duct makes ventilation characteristics of the equipment susceptible to the external environment. For this reason, this work aims to clarify and investigate the ventilation characteristic of electrical facilities. A two-step simulation method using IDDES (Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation) and a real-vehicle tracking test using the T-typed pitot tubes were conducted. In the simulation, it is found that the ventilation performance can be influenced by the location of the equipment compartment, facilities and the fan mounted inside. By comparing the results of the test and simulation, they share the same characteristic that the air outlet volume of the converter near the head car is being promoted while it near the tail car is being inhibited. The maximum deviation ratio between the test and simulation is 9%. Therefore, the measurement method in this study is relatively reliable.

EFICIENCIA ENERGÉTICA Y RECUPERACIÓN SECUNDARIA: DOS OPCIONES DE GESTIÓN PARA UN YACIMIENTO MADURO DE ECUADOR

Strategies focused on solving the drawbacks of a mature field must consider production decline, which is paramount when considering future investments to maintain the field’s competitiveness and profitability. B49 is an oil field with the typical problems of a mature field, management aimed at increasing the recovery factor and the implementation of an energy efficiency model were the axes to reduce OPEX and achieve a barrel with a production cost of 5.20 USD. The main objective of waterflooding in the field is to maximize oil recovery. Formation water from the north and south zones of B49 is used in waterflooding which increased the recovery factor from 21% to 26%. In Ecuador, the associated gas is not fully exploited. For this reason, its flaring is an accepted practice; however, since 2009 the Ecuadorian State Oil Company has been implementing an ambitious Energy Efficiency program called Optimization of Electricity Generation and Energy Efficiency (OGE&EE for its acronym in Spanish), which is a comprehensive development of generation, distribution and transmission of electricity, as well as the development of facilities for the collection and transportation of associated gas. OGE&EE consists of a group of projects, covering an area of 25,000 km2, 17 oil blocks, 56 oil fields and more than 66 facilities, to date the program results are: • Installation of multiple generation plants with a combined capacity of 325MW, 95MW and can use associated gas as fuel. • 200 km of electric energy transmission and distribution facilities. • Installation of 17 km of gas pipelines out of a total of 100 km, upgrading of existing facilities by implementing waste heat recovery. • The OGE&EE Program has also interconnected the oil industry’s power grid to the national grid, which helps optimize national renewable energy (hydropower). In 2015 the Ecuadorian oil company joined the World Bank initiative “Zero Routine Flaring by 2030”, the Government of Ecuador also joined this initiative in 2018, and as part of PAM EP’s Energy Efficiency program since 2015 it has been working to develop projects and financial solutions to increase power generation with associated gas and decrease gas flaring facilities (flare gas). The production of 12 wells is used for electricity generation, the daily energy demand is an average of 3MW (72 MWh per day). B49’s electricity generation meets the efficiency objectives by using gas in high efficiency generators to cover 100% of the energy needs; the field uses 194 MMcf of gas per year, stops emitting 20 MTon CO2 eq/KWH and saves 420 M USD/year for unconsumed diesel. Problems such as pressure depletion in producing sands, water injection, BSW increase, gas availability, gas flaring limitation, pressure maintenance facilities and gas distribution are issues addressed in this research.

Coatings Made by Atomic Layer Deposition for the Protection of Materials from Atomic Oxygen in Space

Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) has been investigated for the possible protection of various materials against atomic oxygen (ATOX) at ESTEC Materials and Electrical Components Laboratory facility. ALD is a conformal coating process, that can be used to apply ultra-thin films of metal oxides on various materials, that may have a sophisticated three-dimensional shape, such as the internal and external components of satellites. The challenge with metal oxides on soft and/or flexible surfaces arises from the brittle nature of these ceramic films if their thickness exceeds 30 nm. Different substrates, including silicon, Printed Circuitry Board (PCB), polyimide, and Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) were coated by ALD with 20 nm thick metal oxide films at 125 °C, then exposed to ATOX and characterized by photographing, reflectance measurement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The studies showed good performance of protective films prepared by ALD on polymer substrates, which suggests that the nanometer-scale coatings can improve the lifetime of these materials at low Earth orbit, where they are inevitably exposed to ATOX. In contrast, the uncoated substrates suffered near-surface damage after exposure to ATOX, which resulted in microscopic features on their surface that were visible in SEM. Damage caused by ATOX to the uncoated substrates was also visible in photographs and observable in reflectance studies. In the latter case, the changes in the reflectance spectrum were caused by the change of surface morphology and/or chemical and elemental composition due to corrosion by ATOX.

Analysis Of Modern Railway Power Quality Conditions With Inspection Methods To Mitigate Operating System Failures Referring To Regulations And Standard References

Elevated stations or commonly called elevated stations have an electric power system with a main power supply of 20KiloVolt with a nominal voltage of 750volt and a station operating facility voltage of 380volt laying station. This research uses the inspection method by making observations by work instructions and instruction manuals for railway infrastructure maintenance studies. Some were identified as related to power quality issues with progression-appropriate inspections and appropriate instruction manuals. The main objective of this study is to prevent overvoltage interference problems by recommending risk mitigation through investigative and simulation analysis methods using Electric Transient and Analysis Program (ETAP) software that can help evaluate and estimate strategic steps by paying attention to regulations and standard references and detecting losses in operating pattern disturbances due to disruption of power quality conditions caused by overvoltage surges in the station traction substation system by investigation and simulation methods using Electric Transient and Analysis Program (ETAP) software. This overvoltage is carried out in the context of research on maintaining services to the public and preventing system failures by using risk mitigation and investigation and simulation methods using Electric Transient and Analysis Program (ETAP) software that pays attention to environmental, safety, technical, and economic aspects with regulations and standard references. This research is in the form of mitigation analysis and describes the losses that have an impact by looking at a power quality condition and the follow-up provided to prevent overvoltage and components of modern railway electric facilities.

System application strategy of the PowerFactory software environment for professional training under the electrical energy educational program

The paper analyzes the scope of application of the PowerFactory software complex in our country and abroad. The need to integrate the program into the educational process of higher technical institutions of Ukraine was determined. A strategy for the systematic application of the PowerFactory program for the professional training of future specialists in the power industry has been formulated. General recommendations on the integration of the program into the three-level system of training under the educational program “Electroenergetics” have been developed. In particular, based on the results of studies of the first bachelor’s level of higher education, basic knowledge and skills should be formed in the calculation of stable and transient modes, short-circuit currents and stability of power systems, starting electric motors, indicators of the quality of electric energy, network protection, including with the help of a program. This will allow to fully ensure the conceptual and analytical level of assimilation of knowledge. The second master’s level of training should involve mastering the skills of solving atypical professional tasks in the design of electric power facilities and relay protection and automation systems, optimization of modes, dispatch control and prospective development of the network in the PowerFactory environment. This will contribute to the productive and synthetic level of assimilation of the educational material. Mastering the DigSilent – DPL programming language and program interfaces should be a mandatory component of the training of PhD candidates. All this will allow in the future to solve complex problems within the scope of their dissertation research, which may be related to the planning and introduction of the energy system regime, improving the quality of electric energy, coordinating the operation of relay protection systems, automation and power electronics, optimizing the operation of distributed generation sources, ensuring reliability and stability of energy systems, etc.

Process design and simulation study of an electricity generation plant utilizing low-grade wasted thermal energy using aspen Hysys software

An analysis of the operational parameters of a small-scale electrical generation facility that uses the thermal energy contained in the flue gases from rubbish waste incineration is the goal of this study. To assess this system, the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) thermodynamic system was used. Since the organic fluid has a lower boiling point than water and can be evaporated with less thermal energy, it was chosen as a heat transfer medium instead of water. Aspen Hysys was utilized as a simulation tool, while R11 was used as the working fluid. To maximize the amount of available electrical output power, the plant's operational temperature, working fluid flow rate, and pressure are all maximized. According to the simulation's findings, flue gas may generate electric power between the ranges of 3.12 – 29.71 kW at working pressures between 2.5 and 3.5 bar and working fluid flow rates between 3.600 and 7200 kg/h when the temperature is between 50 and 95 oC. The system reaches a thermal efficiency of about 8.30 at 350 kPa of working fluid pressure.