Electrical Engineering Building Research Articles

Comparative Analysis of External Lightning Protection Systems Using Protective Angle and Rolling Sphere Method in Areas That Have High Lightning Intensity

Indonesia is a tropical country with a geographical condition where 71% of its area is water. This is what coueses Indonesia is considered a country with a high density of lightning strikes. This results in buildings in Indonesia being at a high risk of damage caused by lightning strikes. According to data from BMKG, the city of Malang has a high lightning intensity, with 108 thunderstorm days per year, posing a serious threat to the Electrical Engineering Building of the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Malang. Considering the building's age and expansion on the building's side, it is necessary to evaluate the lightning protection system to determine whether the existing system is still working effectively and efficiently. Improving the system's performance against lightning disturbances can be done by analyzing the previous external lightning protection system and then evaluating it using the angle of protection and rolling sphere methods. The analysis and evaluation of the external protection system are based on PUIPP, PUIL, SNI, and IEEE standards.

Analisis Audit Energi di Gedung Teknik Elektro Universitas Diponegoro

An energy audit is a work that aims to identify energy consumption in buildings that have been built so that they can find opportunities for energy savings in these buildings and buildings and improve energy efficiency and conservation in these buildings. The Electrical Engineering Building is one of the buildings at Diponegoro University that has been built for a long time, and to find out the savings opportunities in the building, an energy audit is needed. The energy audit was carried out during the pandemic era where lectures were still being held online and hybrid. Based on the results of the energy audit that has been carried out, it was found that the Energy Consumption Intensity (IKE) in the Electrical Engineering Building in 2021 was 8.59 while in 2022 it was 12.61. This is still in the efficient category according to Regulation of the Minister of energy and mineral resources No. 13/2012. Opportunities for savings can be implemented starting from no cost, low cost, to high cost to increase the efficiency of energy use in the Diponegoro University Electrical Engineering Building, so that energy use can be very efficient.

Analysis of faculty of electrical engineering and informatics building energy use intensity in pardubice, czech

The investigation focused on analyzing the energy usage patterns of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics in Pardubice. The recorded energy consumption data were examined and discussed. The average heating energy consumption in the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics building in 2020, 2021, and 2022 is 686.45 MWh or 57% of the total energy equivalent value. Meanwhile, the average electricity consumption in the building during the same period is 518.97 MWh or 43% of the total energy equivalent value. The average fluctuation in heating energy consumption used in the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics building tends to increase by 2.9% per year, while the average fluctuation in electricity consumption tends to increase by 3.3% per year. According to the findings, the average comprehensive energy consumption per unit area in the building was 146,03kWh/m2. It was the sum of the energy use intensity for heating and the energy use intensity for electricity. The average energy use intensity value for heating in the building was 83.16 kWh/m2, while the average energy use intensity value for electricity was 62.78 kWh/m2.

INVESTIGASI HUBUNGAN IRADIASI MATAHARI DENGAN THD PADA INVERTER PLTS UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA

Solar Power System as one of the uses of renewable energy whose use is very widespread and one of its implementations is on the roof of the DH Electrical Engineering Building of Udayana University. The increase in the use of solar power plants is followed by an increase in the use of switching equipment such as inverters that produce harmonic distortions and affect the power quality of the electrical system. This investigation aims to analyze the condition of THD in inverters and analyze factors related to THD in inverters, one of which is solar irradiation. THDi output inverter inverter PLTS Udayana University exceeds the permitted IEEE 519-2014 standard, which is a maximum of 5%. The relationship that occurs between irradiation and the inverter of Udayana University PLTS when connected to the load is inversely proportional so that when irradiation is high during the day, the THDi output of the inverter will be low and vice versa in the evening.

Studi Kelayakan Sistem Pentanahan pada Gedung Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

The grounding system is one part of the electric power system that has an important role in flowing overcurrent from the electric power system to the ground due to electrical power system disturbances or lightning strikes that can endanger the building and its surroundings. This grounding system aims to protect humans, electrical equipment, and electrical installations from the danger of electrical short circuits. In compliance with official regulations, safety standards and according to general electrical installation regulatory standards (PUIL) to avoid the danger of lightning strikes in buildings, it is necessary to have grounding resistance value of less than five ohms and is made as small as possible. In this study, the measurement of grounding resistance seen from the depth of the grounding and the grounding resistance are arranged in parallel. The results of this study indicate that the parallel grounding resistance method produces a more significant reduction in the value of grounding resistance compared to the grounding resistance in a certain depth From the calculation results, the resistance value of the Electrical Engineering Building at Andalas University using a rod electrode with a diameter of 0.016 meters is 24.5 Ω with an electrode depth of 0.5 meters and at a depth of 1 meter a grounding value of 17.52 Ω is obtained. The deeper the depth of the electrode, the smaller the resulting resistance value, and installing a grounding system with the multirod method, namely arranging electrodes in parallel with a certain depth, obtains less resistance compared to not parallelizing the electrodes

DHVSU Electrical Engineering Department Goes Green: Feasibility of Solar-Powered Building Using an Off-Grid Hybrid Solar Inverter

This research project unfolds the practicability of utilizing an Off-Grid Hybrid Solar Inverter to power up the Electrical Engineering Building in Don Honorio Ventura State University. To satisfy the aims of this research, a Solar PV System design was used to make use of the solar energy converting it to electrical energy to supply the whole building. This study was guided by doing a load schedule of all the appliances in the whole building to acquire the total power and total energy consumption, using it as a basis for the selection of the required electrical components and computation of the roof area to select a suitable solar panel in order to ensure the functionality of the whole Solar PV System. The raw data gathered was analyzed using formulas to acquire the needed electrical values. The findings resulted in the development and completion of the Solar PV System Design. The last part of the research is the results, discussions, conclusions, and recommendations. These provided the finalization and endorsement of the whole study.

Estimating a Building’s Energy Performance using a Composite Indicator: A Case Study

Several studies have analyzed the integration of energy-saving strategies in buildings to mitigate their environmental impact. These studies focused mainly on a disaggregated analysis of such strategies and their effects on the building's energy consumption and thermal behavior, using energy engine simulation software (EnergyPlus, TRNSYS, and DOE2) or graphical interface software (DesignBuilder, eQuest, and ESP-r). However, buildings are complex systems whose energy behavior depends on the interaction of passive (e.g., location and construction materials) and dynamic (e.g., occupation) components. Therefore, this study proposes a composite indicator Building’s Energy Performance (BEP) as an alternative to deal with this complex and multidimensional phenomenon in a simplified way. This indicator considers energy efficiency and thermal comfort. The Electrical Engineering Building (EEB) of the Universidad Industrial de Santander was selected to verify the performance of the BEP indicator. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was performed for different mathematical aggregation methods and weighting values to test their suitability to reproduce the building behavior. Different simulation scenarios modeled with DesignBuilder software were proposed, in which the energy-saving strategies integrated with the building was individually analyzed. The results confirmed that the integration of the building's energy-saving strategies improved the BEP indicator by approximately 16%. It has also been possible to verify that the BEP indicator adequately reproduces the building’s energy behavior while guaranteeing comfort conditions. Finally, the Building Energy Performance indicator is expected to contribute to the integration of sustainability criteria in the design and remodeling stages of buildings.

The implementation of radius server for wifi pass using the mechanism of access point controller in Department of Electrical Engineering building, Bali State Polytechnic

The problem in accessing the internet network in the Department of Electrical Engineering is that there is no security for WLAN, only normal login page to access to the network. In its application wifi pass requires Radius Server to authenticate against remote network access using Virtual Private Networking (VPN), wireless access points, ethernet switches. Radius Server can protect wireless networks from spoofing MAC Address and also WEP/WPA crack using free Radius authentication. Another problem is to monitoring access points in the area still manually done by IT administrators. With the application of the Radius Server which is a means of wifi pass application, and the access point controller application for monitoring all access points. It will facilitate IT administrators in the operation and maintenance of existing internet networks. Based on the measured QoS table, the hotspot network at the Department of Electrical Engineering for the largest parameter is AP Signal 53 dBm, Bandwidth 1036 bytes, throughput 198, 735 bytes, 14 ms delay, jitter 36, 777 ms and packet loss 3 percent. The technology used is 802.11 G Wi-Fi that uses DDWRT which has an Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) system that supports the implementation of facilities at Radius Server.

Influence of Tropical Environment on Electrical Properties of Electrical Insulation Materials

The development of optimal electrical insulation materials in the tropics continues. One of the development models is to look for fillers that allow it to be mixed with insulating materials (polymers, ceramics, and glass). This study aims to obtain the properties of electrical insulation materials in the form of polymeric materials (silicon rubber) which are filled with fly ash (coal-fired power plant waste) so that it can be used as a high-voltage electrical insulator. The activity that has been carried out was testing the performance of electrical insulating materials filled with fly ash under conditions under high electric fields and tropical environments. The research was conducted at the Electrical Engineering Building, Hasanuddin University, Makassar City, Indonesia. The performance evaluation of electrical insulation materials (silicon rubber plus fly ash) refers to the results of measurements of water diffusion characteristics and relative permittivity characteristics. The results of the study were in the form of information about the feasibility of coal-fired power plants to be used as fillers for electrical insulators in tropical environments. The results of this study are Fly ash added to silicone rubber to improve the electrical properties of the insulating material.

Investigation of day light levels in a room within a building

This work investigates natural light levels inside a room in Electrical & Information Engineering building, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. In order to reduce the amount of energy used on lighting, it is imperative to make the utmost use of natural daylight. The use of windows are one traditional solution, other solutions are skylights and light pipes; atria and light wells; domes and arches; structural glass which are all discussed. In high temperature regions, it is necessary to reduce the amount of sunlight entering the room because light produces heat. With the use of a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR sensor), results are presented to study the day light levels in a room by measuring the light levels at various parts of the room; by measuring the proportion of light entering through the window and measuring how the light level changes over a 24 hour period. The outcome of this work is the study and development of a system that can monitor light levels in a building. The application of this work extends to determining the period of the day when daylight is maximal in order to reduce energy cost, building an automation system for the automatic lighting of dark areas within a building as well as monitoring energy consumption used to light p a building. Further extension will be to make predictions on the natural light level based on the data available.

Analisa Total Harmonic Distortion dan Losses Setelah Beroperasinya Distributed Generation di Program Studi Teknik Elektro Universitas Udayana

In the Electrical Engineering Study Program, Udayana University, a Solar Power Plant was installed with a power of 26.4 kWp, a Wind Power Plant with a power of 5 kWp and a Diesel Power Plant with a capacity of 20 kVA. The size of harmonics in the electric power system is called Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). THDi's research results at DH Electrical Engineering Building of Udayana University before the operation of Distributed Generation (DG) were that R phase was 9.91%, S phase was 10.86%, and T phase was 9.85%. THDi value after the operation of Distributed Generation, R phase was 16.05%, S phase was 17.53%, and T phase was 15.70%. THDi value with LC filter, R phase was 4.0%, S phase was 5.52% and T phase was 3.97%. THDv value before the operation of Distributed Generation, R phase was 0.08%, S phase was 0.48% and T phase was 0.47%. THDv value after the operation of Distributed Generation, R phase was 0.24%, S phase was 0.44% and T phase was 0.49%. THDv value with LC filter, R phase was 0.01%, S phase was 0.01% and T phase was 0.02%. The results of the research showed that losses before the operation of Distributed Generation were 115.53 Watts and the value of losses after the operation of Distributed Generation had increased to 130.07 Watts.

Measurements and Analysis of Large-Scale Path Loss Model at 14 and 22 GHz in Indoor Corridor

Fifth generation wireless communications will exploit the enormous chunk of bandwidth available at millimeter-wave frequency bands. Accordingly, an accurate and simple path loss model is critical for indoor environments, where deployment is likely to occur. We conducted measurement campaigns in the 14 and 22 GHz frequency bands in a typical indoor corridor environment on 5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> floor of the Discipline of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard Campus, South Africa. This paper presents details of measurement campaigns with unique transmitter-receiver combinations using a costume-designed channel sounder. The acquired measurement results provide large-scale path loss statistics in an open-plan indoor environment in line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight conditions. An effective application of dual slope single-frequency directional large-scale path loss model is evaluated based on the acquired measurement data. The application of dual slope large-scale path loss model is supported by a comprehensive analysis and consideration of propagation mechanisms, such as reflection and diffraction resulting in modal attenuation. Validated results show that dual slope large-scale path loss model applied in this paper outperforms close-in reference distance model that assumes the impact of propagating wave guiding effect in indoor corridors.

Modeling of lighting behaviour of a hybrid lighting system in inner spaces of Building of Electrical Engineering

This paper presents the modelling of lighting behaviour of a hybrid lighting system - HLS in inner spaces for tropical climate. HLS aims to mitigate the problem of high electricity consumption used by artificial lighting in buildings. These systems integrate intelligently the daylight and artificial light through control strategies. However, selection of these strategies usually depends on expertise of designer and of available budget. In order to improve the selection process of the control strategies, this paper analyses the Electrical Engineering Building (EEB) case, initially modelling of lighting behaviour is established for the HLS of a classroom and an office. This allows estimating the illuminance level of the mixed lighting in the space, and energy consumption by artificial light according to different lighting control techniques, a control strategy based on occupancy and a combination of them. The model considers the concept of Daylight Factor (DF) for the estimating of daylight illuminance on the work plane for tropical climatic conditions. The validation of the model was carried out by comparing the measured and model-estimated indoor illuminances.

Building energy analysis of Electrical Engineering Building from DesignBuilder tool: calibration and simulations

This research shows the energy analysis of the Electrical Engineering Building, located on campus of the Industrial University of Santander in Bucaramanga - Colombia. This building is a green pilot for analysing energy saving strategies such as solar pipes, green roof, daylighting, and automation, among others. Energy analysis was performed by means of DesignBuilder software from virtual model of the building. Several variables were analysed such as air temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, daylighting, and energy consumption. According to two criteria, thermal load and energy consumption, critical areas were defined. The calibration and validation process of the virtual model was done obtaining error below 5% in comparison with measured values. The simulations show that the average indoor temperature in the critical areas of the building was 27°C, whilst relative humidity reached values near to 70% per year. The most critical discomfort conditions were found in the area of the greatest concentration of people, which has an average annual temperature of 30°C. Solar pipes can increase 33% daylight levels into the areas located on the upper floors of the building. In the case of the green roofs, the simulated results show that these reduces of nearly 31% of the internal heat gains through the roof, as well as a decrease in energy consumption related to air conditioning of 5% for some areas on the fourth and fifth floor. The estimated energy consumption of the building was 69 283 kWh per year.

Characterization of hybrid lighting systems of the Electrical Engineering Building in the Industrial University of Santander

This paper presents an analysis of hybrid lighting systems of Electrical Engineering Building in the Industrial University of Santander, which is a pilot of green building for warm- tropical conditions. Analysis of lighting performance of inner spaces is based on lighting curves obtained from characterization of daylighting systems of these spaces. A computation tool was made in Excel-Visual Basic to simulate the behaviour of artificial lighting system considering artificial control system, user behaviour and solar condition. Also, this tool allows to estimate the electrical energy consumption of the lighting system for a day, a month and a year.

IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN BUILDINGS USING MICROGRIDS

Modern society has a growing need for the electricity. To protect the environment, future energy demand must be met with more environmentally friendly technologies, such as renewable energy sources. Because of its vast availability, solar radiation has been used for decades to generate electricity through photovoltaic systems (PV) for residential, educational, and commercial buildings. However, the growth of distributed generation (and renewable energy sources) across power systems in industrialized countries has created new challenges. Random renewable generation causes an imbalance between electricity production and consumption, so smart grids and microgrids may be solutions. In this article, we investigate improving the energy efficiency in the Faculty of Electrical Engineering building in Osijek by using a microgrid. To do so, we compared the total electricity consumption of the building and the production of a 10 kWp photovoltaic power plant on that building. The improvement in energy efficiency of the building produced a maximum savings of up to 10% of the building’s total electricity consumption.

Analysis on Electrical Automation Systems in Architectural Engineering

&lt;p&gt;With the advancement of economic and science and technology, electrical automation has been widely used in modern construction projects. Describes the advantages of electrical automation system, analyze the composition and function of the electrical engineering building automation system implementation. Finally, focus on the electric automation system in the building project.&lt;/p&gt;

Analysis on Electrical Automation Systems in Architectural Engineering

&lt;p&gt;With the advancement of economic and science and technology, electrical automation has been widely used in modern construction projects. Describes the advantages of electrical automation system, analyze the composition and function of the electrical engineering building automation system implementation. Finally, focus on the electric automation system in the building project.&lt;/p&gt;

Professor Derek S. Henderson and the Fourier transform

Derek Henderson played a critical role in the introduction and development of Computer Science at the University of the Witwatersrand - and, by the way, in my career as well. There were no Computer Science courses at Wits when I started my Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering studies in 1961. I did learn, though, at some point that a would soon arrive and be installed in the Electrical Engineering building. I did not know what that might be, but it sure sounded interesting! To cut a long story short, because of Dr Henderson's kindness, I was able to learn how to use it, and in 1965 Pieter Kritzinger and I ended up doing our Bachelor's theses on a comparison of optimal signal filtering methods using analogue and digital computers. This was on the Computer Centre's IBM 1620, which, by the way, was a lot less finicky than the analogue computer with its numerous failure-prone op-amps that it was competing against.

Network flow models with fuzzy auxiliary edge and vertex attributes

s 103 Development and Implementation of a Fuzzy System for Bid Tender Evaluation on Microcomputers C. Hsein Juang and S. N. Kalidindi Department of Civil Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0911 This paper utilizes a fuzzy set arithmetic called fuzzy weighted average (FWA) to evaluate a group of bid tenders (or proposals). Three major criteria and several subcriteria were adopted in the bid proposal evaluation. A rating in terms of natural language was assigned to each criterion, which was then represented by a fuzzy set. The FWA operation was used to combine all ratings in different stages. For each bid a final fuzzy set that represents an overall evaluation was obtained. A ranking index model was used to select the best bid. The process was implemented with FORTRAN 77 on a microcomputer. Address correspondence to C. Hsein Juang. Network Flow Models with Fuzzy Auxiliary Edge and Vertex Attributes Cerry M. Klein Department of Industrial Engineering, 121 Electrical Engineering Building, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211 Sencer Yeralan Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, 303 Weil Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 Many engineering problems can be modeled by networks. This paper investigates the properties of such models when auxiliary attributes such as edge survivability or fuzzy vertex capacity are present. These properties facilitate applications in such areas as the building of evacuation models, hazardous waste transportation models, and objectivebased para-expert systems. The authors also present a multicriteria dynamic programming approach to solving these problems. Although it is not the physical system that is fuzzy, but its associated attributes, the same dynamic programming technique will work through the use of the extension principle if fuzziness is also introduced into the physical model. Address correspondence to Cerry M. Klein. On Properties of the V Uncertainty George J. Klir and Mark Wierman Systems Science Department, T. J. Watson School, SUNY-Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13901 This paper summarizes the known properties and establishes some new properties of a function that has been referred to as the V uncertainty. When formulated in terms of the