Electrical Energy Storage Capacity Research Articles

Tổng hợp vật liệu LiNi0,9Mn0,05Co0,05O2 bằng phương pháp phản ứng pha rắn (NMC9.5.5-PR) ứng dụng chế tạo pin ion liti

Nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) transition metal oxide-based layered structural materials are evaluated a promising material for applications as cathode in lithium-ion batteries. In this study, we have successfully synthesized nickel-rich NMC material LiNi0.9Mn0.05Co0.05O2 by solid-state reaction method (NMC9.5.5- PR). The CR2032-type lithium-ion battery is also successfully fabricated from NMC material to serve the study of electrochemical properties. The NMC9.5.5-PR material exhibits outstanding discharge specific capacity when providing a maximum specific capacity of up to 212.4 mAh/g at a current density of 10 mA/g. However, the cycle efficiency survey results show that the NMC9.5.5-PR material has some disadvantages (only maintaining 81.6% of the discharge specific capacity after 50 continuous charge-discharge cycles at current density of 10 mA/g). These electrochemical properties indicate that it is necessary to further improve the cyclic efficiency of NMC9.5.5-PR material but preserving its outstanding electrical energy storage capacity. Successfully accomplishing this goal, we believe that NMC-9.5.5-PR or a material based on NMC9.5.5-PR will be one of the suitable materials to fabricate positive electrodes used in lithium-ion batteries.

MOF/graphene oxide based composites in smart supercapacitors: a comprehensive review on the electrochemical evaluation and material development for advanced energy storage devices.

The surge in interest surrounding energy storage solutions, driven by the demand for electric vehicles and the global energy crisis, has spotlighted the effectiveness of carbon-based supercapacitors in meeting high-power requirements. Concurrently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained attention as a template for their integration with graphene oxide (GO) in composite materials which have emerged as a promising avenue for developing high-power supercapacitors, elevating smart supercapacitor efficiency, cyclic stability, and durability, providing crucial insights for overcoming contemporary energy storage obstacles. The identified combination leverages the strengths of both materials, showcasing significant potential for advancing energy storage technologies in a sustainable and efficient manner. In this research, an in-depth review has been presented, in which properties, rationale and integration of MOF/GO composites have been critically examined. Various fabrication techniques have been thoroughly analyzed, emphasizing the specific attributes of MOFs, such as high surface area and modifiable porosity, in tandem with the conductive and stabilizing features of graphene oxide. Electrochemical characterizations and physicochemical mechanisms underlying MOF/GO composites have been examined, emphasizing their synergistic interaction, leading to superior electrical conductivity, mechanical robustness, and energy storage capacity. The article concludes by identifying future research directions, emphasizing sustainable production, material optimization, and integration strategies to address the persistent challenges in the field of energy storage. In essence, this research article aims to offer a concise and insightful resource for researchers engaged in overcoming the pressing energy storage issues of our time through the exploration of MOF/GO composites in smart supercapacitors.

Constructing asymmetric gradient structures to enhance the energy storage performance of PEI-based composite dielectrics.

Enhancing the high electric field resistance and energy storage capacity of polymer dielectrics has been a long-standing challenge for the iterations of power equipment. Synergistic inhibition of carrier injection and transport is vital to energy storage performance improvement. Herein, promising polymer polyetherimide (PEI) was employed as a matrix and wider bandgap boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) were used as a reinforcing filler. Utilizing high-throughput stochastic breakdown simulations with the distribution characteristics of BNNSs as parameters, a series of topological gradient structures with the potential to enhance performance were obtained, thereby shortening the experimental cycle. Changing the BNNS distribution of symmetric/asymmetric and positive/inverse gradients, as well as the total and gradient contents of BNNSs, means that the position and condition of the surface barrier layer and central hinder layer change, which influences the energy storage performance of the polymer at room temperature and high temperature. Remarkably, the asymmetric gradient structure composite dielectrics exhibited excellent performances. Among them, the PEI-based composite dielectric with 2 vol% BNNS asymmetric inverse gradient distribution (gradient content of 1 vol%) achieved energy densities of 8.26 and 4.78 J cm-3 at room temperature and 150 °C, respectively. The asymmetric gradient structure design strategy holds great promise for optimizing the energy storage capacity of polymer dielectric capacitors.

Optimal configuration of multi microgrid electric hydrogen hybrid energy storage capacity based on distributed robustness

The combination of energy storage and microgrids is an important technical path to address the uncertainty of distributed wind and solar resources and reduce their impact on the safety and stability of large power grids. With the increasing penetration rate of distributed wind and solar power generation, how to optimize capacity configuration of hybrid energy storage capacity to improve system economy and reliability has become a research hotspot. This article establishes a multi microgrid interaction system with electric‑hydrogen hybrid energy storage. The microgrid system uses distributed wind and solar power as the power source. Then, considering the uncertainty of wind and solar power, a distributed robust model with the goal of system operation economy and reliability was established. This model is used to optimize the configuration of energy storage capacity for electric‑hydrogen hybrid energy storage multi microgrid system and compare the economic costs of the system under different energy storage plans. Finally, the article analyzes the impact of key factors such as hydrogen energy storage investment cost, hydrogen price, and system loss rate on energy storage capacity. The results indicate that reducing the investment cost of hydrogen energy storage is the key to reduce operating cost of multi microgrid hybrid energy storage system.

Antiferroelectric ceramic capacitors with high energy-storage densities and reduced sintering temperature

Field-driven transition from antiferroelectric (AFE) to ferroelectric (FE) states has gained extensive attention for microelectronics and energy storage applications. High dielectric-breakdown-strength (DBDS) for a given material is a necessity to attain full capacity of electrical energy storage. An approach to increasing energy performances is to modulate the related materials to own a higher phase transition electric field (EFE-AFE) using elemental dopants. In this case, Cd2+ was selected as the dopant at A-site in the Pb0.97La0.02Zr0.50Sn0.45Ti0.05O3 ceramics to tailor this EFE-AFE value due to the ionic difference enhanced antiferroelectricity. Surprisingly, the doped ceramics increased EFE-AFE by half, DBDS by 16 %, and maintained energy storage efficiency η of over 85 %, providing a way to improve energy storage density. It is worth mentioning that while the performance has been improved, the sintering temperature has been reduced by 170 °C. At the same time, the ceramics maintain good temperature stability, extremely fast discharging speed and discharging energy storage density, indicative of a promising choice in pulse power devices.

Strain sensing ability of GNP reinforced cementitious composites: The role of exfoliation and interlayer spacing

In this study, the effect of the exfoliation state of GNPs on the strain sensing capacity of GNP reinforced cementitious composites at the elastic and post-elastic stages of deformation is demonstrated. Below percolation threshold, effective exfoliation of multi-layer GNPs results in tri-layer nanomaterials. For GNP volume fractions above percolation a direct correlation between the number of exfoliated graphene layers and permittivity values of the cementitious nanocomposites exists. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements demonstrated that the nanocomposite’s electrical energy storage capacity depends on the interlayer spacing between graphene nanosheets. Piezoresistivity experiments showed that the piezoresistive signal is independent on the strain levels at the post-elastic stage. Piezopermittivity results revealed an excellent relationship between the fractional change in permittivity and stress and strain values during the loading–unloading cycles at both the elastic and post-elastic stages. A direct relationship between piezopermittivity and volume fraction of tri-layer and multi-layer GNPs is also observed suggesting that the GNP content at the percolation threshold is optimum for maximizing the strain sensing capacity of the nanocomposite.

Rare earth (Sm/Eu/Tm) doped ZrO2 driven electro-catalysis, energy storage, and scaffolding in high-performance perovskite solar cells

Current work presents the first report on the modification of zirconia (ZrO2) by doping it with the lanthanides oxides i.e. [samarium, europium, and thulium] forming a [Sm/Eu/Tm] co-doped ZrO2 system. Lanthanide doping tailored the structure of host material by causing considerable bandgap energy shrinkage from 4.04 to 3.57 eV and reduction in the crystallite size from 67.92 to 45.23 nm. Profound electro-catalytic potential was reflected analyzed via linear sweep voltammetry showing the excellent of developed catalytic towards H2 evolution with lower overpotential i.e. 133 mV and Tafel slope of 119.3 mV dec−1. While for O2 evolution, the electro-catalyst succeeded in gaining overpotential and Tafel slope values of 310 mV and 294.8 mV dec−1, respectively. With such values, this material has surpassed the conventional electro-catalysts and is proved to be an excellent hydrogen producing electro-catalyst. The electrical charge storage potential was analyzed for [Sm/Eu/Tm] co-doped ZrO2 decorated nickel foam electrode for development into a super-capacitor. This electrode was impressively stable for 10 cycles after 20 days checked through cyclic voltammetry. Furthermore, an augmented specific capacitance of 447 F g−1 was achieved by the doped electrode when compared with the pristine one approaching 83.69 F g−1. The electrical energy storage capacity of [Sm/Eu/Tm] co-doped ZrO2 is even higher than the conventionally used metal oxides. In terms of the interfacial electrode-electrolyte, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was done expressing the excellent ionic diffusion and electrochemically active sites for [Sm/Eu/Tm] co-doped ZrO2 electrode with minimal resistance. The developed doped system was used a spacer layer in a cesium lead halide perovskite solar cells having planar architecture. The spacer layer containing solar cell device succeeded in gaining a power conversion efficiency of 16.31% and a fill factor of 78% evaluated via photo-current measurements carried out under artificial solar irradiance. The impressively higher fill factor shows the effective passivation and scaffolding by the [Sm/Eu/Tm] co-doped ZrO2. The associated device was also marked by negligible hysteresis. Chrono-potentiometry and chrono-amperometry expressed commendable accelerated service lives for 100 min inside an electrolyte. The lanthanide co-doped ZrO2 is an effective material for the utilization in energy systems associated with the electro-catalysis of water, charge storage electrode for super-capacitors, and photovoltaic solar to electrical energy conversion.

Thermo-economic assessment of sub-ambient temperature pumped-thermal electricity storage integrated with external heat sources

Thermally integrated pumped-thermal electricity storage (TI-PTES) offers the opportunity to store electricity as thermal exergy at a large scale, and existing studies are primarily focused on TI-PTES systems based on high-temperature thermal energy storage. This paper presents a thermo-economic analysis of a “cold TI-PTES” system which converts electricity into cold energy using a vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) unit and stores it at sub-ambient temperatures during the charging process, and generates electricity by using an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) working between the sub-ambient temperature and an external low-grade heat source during the discharging process. The effects of key parameters, i.e., mass flowrate and temperature of the storage medium, ORC evaporation temperature, component efficiencies, and pinch-point temperature differences, on the system performance are evaluated based on a whole-system thermo-economic model. The results reveal that the roundtrip efficiency and levelized cost of storage (LCOS) of the system increases while the electrical energy storage capacity decreases as the temperatures of the two cold storage tanks approach each other. When the temperature of the cold storage tank 1 rises from 1 °C to 8 °C while the cold storage tank 2 remains as 13 °C, there is an increase of 25% and 20% in the roundtrip efficiency and LCOS respectively while the energy storage capacity decreases by 69%. A roundtrip efficiency of 0.74 and LCOS of 0.32 $/kWh are achieved with a heat source temperature of 85 °C, using a mass flowrate and temperature of the cold storage medium of 50 kg/s and 1 °C. Furthermore, any change in cold storage medium mass flowrate changes both electrical energy storage capacity and power output by the same proportions. With a continuous high-flowrate external heat source, the LCOS can be as low as 0.17 $/kWh. By providing sufficient heat from an external heat source, the proposed system possesses a high potential for medium-to-large scale energy storage with a unique hybrid nature for electricity storage and thermal integration.

Mechanically robust structural hybrid supercapacitors with high energy density for electric vehicle applications

The concept of structural energy storage devices has fascinated great attention in the past decade as they enhance system capabilities by the system weight/volume savings. The existing engineering technique is to fabricate multifunctional devices with the capacity of electrical energy storage and load-bearing functionalities simultaneously. Herein, a novel structural hybrid supercapacitor with activated carbon fabric as a negative electrode and lithium cobalt oxide coated carbon fabric through electrophoretic deposition, as a positive electrode, is assembled, for the first time, using the vacuum bagging fabrication method. Increasing the lithium cobalt oxide deposition concentration on carbon fabrics improved the electromechanical performance of structural hybrid supercapacitors. At a 10 g of lithium cobalt oxide deposition on battery-type carbon fabrics, the structural hybrid supercapacitors display an outstanding specific energy of 2.4 Wh.kg−1, a specific power of 41.3 W.kg−1, the charge density of 11.71C.L−1, specific-capacitance of 0.6 F.g−1, in-plane shear strength of 25.3 MPa, in-plane shear modulus of ∼2 GPa, bending strength of 117 MPa, bending modulus of ∼28 GPa and impact strength of 317 kJ.m−2, demonstrating the prospective applications in the military, automotive and aerospace sectors.

Bi-Level Optimal Capacity Planning of Load-Side Electric Energy Storage Using an Emission-Considered Carbon Incentive Mechanism

The decarbonization of the power system forces the rapid development of electric energy storage (EES). Electricity consumption is the fundamental driving force of carbon emissions in the power system. However, the current EES capacity planning research that considers the load-side carbon emission responsibility is still limited. To fill this research gap, this paper proposes a carbon incentive mechanism while considering load-side carbon emission responsibility. Additionally, a bi-level optimal capacity planning model of the load-side EES based on carbon emission flow (CEF) theory is proposed. The upper level obtained the bus carbon intensities through the optimal economic dispatch and passed them to the lower level. Considering the carbon incentive mechanism, the lower level optimized the EES capacity. Finally, the model was tested by MATLAB/Gurobi in the modified IEEE-39 bus power system. The results show that under the stimulation of the carbon incentive mechanism, the bi-level optimal capacity planning model of the load-side EES could effectively promote peak shaving, valley filling, and carbon reduction. Furthermore, compared with the two existing EES subsidy policies, the proposed carbon incentive mechanism is verified to be more conducive to reducing system carbon emissions.

Modeling the risk-based decisions of the microgrid in day-ahead energy and reserve markets considering stochastic dispatching of electrical and thermal energy storages

• The MGO’s bids in the markets are optimized with dispatching of local resources. • Uncertainties of electrical demand and power generation of PV are modeled. • A robust two-stage stochastic optimization model is developed. • The most capacity of electrical energy storage is used to provide reserve capacity. • With increasing the robust parameter, the MGO’s cost increases. In this paper, the electrical and thermal energy management problem of a micro-grid operator (MGO) is addressed under uncertainties aiming at participating in the day-ahead energy and reserve markets. For this purpose, a robust two-stage stochastic model is developed to protect the first stage MGO’s decisions, i.e., its bids in the energy and reserve markets, against the uncertainty of the real-time energy market price. This is done through stochastic dispatching of the MG resources which includes the electrical and thermal energy storages and the combined heat and power unit as the second-stage decisions. The results showed that the MGO’s expected total cost decreases when it participates in both the energy market and the reserve market in comparison with the case it only participates in the energy market. Also, the risk-based behavior of the MGO showed that increasing the robust parameter decreases the reserve provided for the market and the net power trading with the market. However, the proposed robust two-stage stochastic model leads to a smaller reduction of the MGO’s first-stage decisions in the worst case in comparison with the conventional methods, i.e. deterministic and probabilistic ones. This issue proves the effectiveness of the proposed approach to protect the MGO’s decisions against the uncertainties.

Investigation on Optimal Electric Energy Storage Capacity to Maximize Self-Consumption of Photovoltaic System

Abstract Battery systems are critical factors in the effective use of renewable energy systems because the self-production of electricity by renewables for self-consumption has become profitable for building applications. This study investigates the appropriate capacity of the battery energy storage system (BESS) installed in all-electric zero-energy powerhouses (AEZEPHs). The AEZEPH used for this study is a highly energy-efficient house. Its criteria indicate that all the electrical energy within the home is covered based on the generated electricity from onsite renewable energy systems, including that the annual net site energy use is almost equal to zero. The experiment for measured data of electricity consumed and generated in the buildings is conducted for a year (i.e., January through December 2014). Based on the measured data, patterns of the electricity consumed by the AEZEPH and generated by an onsite renewable energy system (i.e., photovoltaic (PV) system) and BESS's appropriate capacity are then analyzed and evaluated using the electric energy storage (EES) analysis tool, named Poly-sun. This study indicates that self-consumption can be increased up to 66% when the ESS system is installed and used during operating hours of the PV system. The amount of received electricity during the week tends to be reduced by about two times.

Chemical adsorption on 2D dielectric nanosheets for matrix free nanocomposites with ultrahigh electrical energy storage

Relaxor ferroelectric polymers display great potential in capacitor dielectric applications because of their excellent flexibility, light weight, and high dielectric constant. However, their electrical energy storage capacity is limited by their high conduction losses and low dielectric strength, which primarily originates from the impact-ionization-induced electronmultiplication, low mechanical modulus, and low thermal conductivity of the dielectric polymers. Here a matrix free strategy is developed to effectively suppress electron multiplication effects and to enhance mechanical modulus and thermal conductivity of a dielectric polymer, which involves the chemical adsorption of an electron barrier layer on boron nitride nanosheet surfaces by chemically adsorbing an amino-containing polymer. A dramatic decrease of leakage current (from 2.4 × 10−6 to 1.1 × 10−7 A cm−2 at 100 MV m−1) and a substantial increase of breakdown strength (from 340 to 742 MV m−1) were achieved in the nanocompostes, which result in a remarkable increase of discharge energy density (from 5.2 to 31.8 J cm−3). Moreover, the dielectric strength of the nanocomposites suffering an electrical breakdown could be restored to 88% of the original value. This study demonstrates a rational design for fabricating dielectric polymer nanocomposites with greatly enhanced electric energy storage capacity.

Impact damage tolerance of energy storage composite structures containing lithium-ion polymer batteries

Multifunctional composite structures that combine high load-bearing properties with electrical energy storage capacity have potential application in electric and hybrid powered cars, and therefore must be impact resistant in the event of collision. This paper examines the effect of low velocity impact on the damage, compression properties and energy storage capacity of composite laminates and sandwich composites containing an embedded lithium-ion polymer (LiPo) battery. The impact responses of a carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy (CFRP) laminate and a polymer foam core sandwich composite are investigated. The materials were impacted at different incident energy levels at the location immediately above the embedded battery. The battery at the impact location increased the impact energy absorption of both the laminate and sandwich composite due to its capacity to yield and plastically deform. Impact-induced damage reduced the compressive properties of the composite laminate and sandwich composite in part due to deformation, cracking and debonding of the battery. Low impact energy events (≤4 J) had negligible effect on the residual energy storage capacity of the LiPo battery, although higher energies (≥6 J) caused an internal short circuit due to excessive plastic deformation and crushing.

An allocative method of hybrid electrical and thermal energy storage capacity for load shifting based on seasonal difference in district energy planning

Abstract The power generation of renewable energy represented by wind and solar energy on energy supply-side has uncertainty. Meanwhile, the fluctuation problems in power system is also caused by increasing number of air-conditioning loads on energy demanded-side. For addressing the fluctuation, energy storage technology is considered as a crucial solution. Energy storage technology can also improve the flexibility of the power system and reduce the peak-valley difference. However, a large scale of electrical energy storage has less economic. Hybrid energy (including electrical and thermal energy) storage can be seen as a practicable solution instead of electrical energy storage. An allocative method of hybrid energy storage capacity is proposed in this paper. By use of this method, the mathematical model is explored between hybrid energy storage capacity and peak-valley difference. It is convenient to determine the capacity of hybrid energy storage depending on peak valley difference required. Moreover, seasonal difference of electrical load can determine the capacity of electrical and thermal energy storage, respectively. In addition, the economy model of energy storage capacity helps to find out the optimal capacity. This proposed method can be used as an analysis tool of district energy planning and energy system renewal.

Tensile properties of multifunctional composites embedded with lithium-ion polymer batteries

Multifunctional composites that combine high mechanical properties with electrical energy storage capacity are being explored for use in hybrid and electric powered vehicles. This paper evaluates the effect of embedding lithium-ion polymer (LiPo) batteries on the tensile properties and energy storage density of carbon fibre laminate and sandwich composite. The tensile modulus and failure stress of the laminate is reduced significantly by the batteries. The reduction in tensile strength is similar for one or multiple embedded batteries whereas the reduction in tensile modulus increases with the number of batteries. LiPo batteries embedded in the foam core to sandwich composite do not adversely affect the tensile properties. These findings are validated numerically with finite element (FE) modelling of the laminate and sandwich composite. The energy storage capacity and electrical properties of the LiPo battery was not changed when the composites were subjected to increasing tensile loads up to final failure.

Enhancement of electrical energy storage ability by controlling grain size of polycrystalline BaNb2O6 for high density capacitor application

The present article focuses on the electrical energy storage capacity of BaNb2O6 (BN) ceramic material with varying sintering time duration of material synthesized by solid state reaction method. The crystal phase formation during calcination process was studied with high temperature x-ray diffraction, which confirms the formation of desired crystalline phase at temperature above 1100 °C. The associated micro-structural images reveal increasing trend of average grain size from 4.32 μm to 10.08 μm with raising sintering time. A decrease in Z′ with temperature confirms the occurrence of negative temperature coefficient (NTCR) behavior of BN ceramic similar to semiconductor material. The impedance spectroscopy provides the electrical equivalent circuit of investigated BN ceramic. Fitting of these data with three R and Q (CPE) elements connected in series revealed an important information regarding grain, grain boundary and electrode effects. The frequency dependent conductivity of the material follows the Jonscher’s power law and found increase in frequency exponent n from 0.51 to 0.92 for BN05 to BN50 that suggests shifting of ionic long-range translational motion to localized motion of ions/charge carriers. The activation energy, calculated from curve between relaxation time and inverse temperature, reduces from 0.59 eV to 0.33 eV for sample BN05 to BN50. The recoverable energy increases from 2.12 to 10.28 mJ/cm3 with sintering time interval whereas, the storage energy efficiency enhanced from 12.98% to 57.85%.

Compression properties of multifunctional composite structures with embedded lithium-ion polymer batteries

Multifunctional light-weight composite structures that combine high load-bearing properties with electrical energy storage capacity have potential application in energy intensive systems such as electric cars. This paper examines the effect of compression loading on the mechanical and electrical responses of light-weight carbon fibre laminates containing embedded lithium ion polymer (LiPo) batteries. The mechanical and electrical responses of the LiPo battery itself to compression loading are also examined. Embedding batteries has a significant adverse effect on the compressive stiffness, failure stress and fatigue life of laminates. The property reductions are attributed to several factors; namely the compressive properties of the battery being much lower than the composite material, the geometric stress concentration created by the battery, discontinuities in the carbon fibres, and the soft polymer layer at the battery-composite interface that effects load transfer. Experimental testing and finite element analysis reveal that the reduction to the compression properties is dependent on the number and arrangement of the batteries.

Multifunctional sandwich composites containing embedded lithium-ion polymer batteries under bending loads

Multifunctional composites that combine high load-bearing properties and energy storage capacity have potential application in next-generation electric vehicles. The effect of high structural bending loads on the flexural properties and electrical energy storage capacity of sandwich composites containing lithium-ion polymer (LiPo) batteries embedded within the polymer foam core is explored in this paper. Three-point bend tests which induce failure by plastic indentation or cracking of the core are performed on sandwich composites containing single or multiple LiPo batteries. The bending properties of the sandwich material are not changed significantly by embedding batteries within the core. The energy storage capacity of the sandwich composite can be increased by inserting multiple batteries without adversely affecting the bending properties. Furthermore, the internal electrical resistance and capacity of the batteries is not degraded when the sandwich composites are damaged by high bending loads. The implications of the results for the design of light-weight multifunctional sandwich composites with high energy storage capacity are discussed.

Boosting the electrical and mechanical properties of structural dielectric capacitor composites via gold nanoparticle doping

Structural dielectric capacitors (SDCs) are load-bearing multifunctional materials that uniquely combine high electrical energy storage capacity with high mechanical properties. The development of electrically conductive carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP)-based electrodes is a promising approach to create high strength SDCs, although challenges remain due to the low conductivity of epoxy matrix of CFRP. Carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets are commonly used as conductive fillers to produce electrically conductive polymers. However, the electrical conductivity of composites is restricted by the maximum filler content, which is essential to retain composite structures. In this work, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with high electrical conductivity were added in different weight fractions (up to 1 wt%) into the epoxy matrix of CFRP electrodes used in graphene oxide-bearing SDCs (GO/SDCs). The electrical conductivity of AuNP-modified CFRP electrodes was 15–250% higher than the unmodified CFRP electrode, depending on the concentration of nanoparticles. As a result, both specific capacitance and energy storage density of AuNPs-modified GO/SDCs were higher (up to ~170% and ~50%, respectively) than the unmodified GO/SDC. Furthermore, AuNP-modified GO/SDCs had higher tensile and interlaminar shear properties. This research provides new insights into improving both the electrical and mechanical properties of SDCs using AuNPs.