Use Of Electrical Energy Research Articles

Design of Automatic Power Factor Correction for Optimization of Electric Energy Consumption

Electrical energy is a major human need which, when viewed from its main source, namely fossil energy, will increasingly run out. There needs to be an effort to utilize electrical energy more optimally. The problem discussed in this research is the decline in power factor. The State Electricity Company (PLN) has a minimum power factor standard of above 0.85 which is found in the SPLN 70-1 regulation and PERMEN ESDM No. 09 of 2011. If the power factor is below the minimum limit, it will result in losses, because consumers have to pay for excess kilo Volt Ampere Reactive hours (kVARh). Power factor drops are caused by the use of inductive loads. With automatic power factor correction, the poor power factor from the use of inductive loads will be resolved and optimization of the use of electrical energy can be achieved. From the test results conducted using 3 cumulative loads, the worst power factor value was obtained before PF repair was carried out by the system, namely 0.38 and after PF repair by the best power factor system reached 0.99 and obtained the value of active power and apparent power after PF repair is almost the same (comparable) and it can be said that the optimization of electrical energy occurs in this study.

Optimal Power Flow and Performance Analysis of SPV Penetration to IEEE Bus System Using MI Power

The need to meet changing demand in an economical manner while making the best use of already-expensive electrical systems led to inescapable problems with overloading, increased power transfer coupled with extremely high system loss, and unstable voltage profiles that ultimately resulted in an unreliable system. Power distribution is impacted by the remarkable changes that are currently taking place in the use and provision of energy services. Numerous new avenues for the provision and use of electrical energy have been opened up as a result of developed and diverse distributed technologies, including distributed electricity generation. The emergence of powerful and affordable software has enabled us to cope with the fast-paced development in the power industry which requires updating resources with modern technologies to manage substations. The goal of the proposed work is to integrate solar photovoltaic and optimize the power flow, voltage profile, and real power loss through the building of a simulation model on Mi Power. Power flow analysis was used to calculate the actual power loss, which was then minimized through SPV placement. Additionally, the impact of PV penetration on single bus loading was assessed for all load buses operating in succession with either active, reactive, or combined active and reactive loads.

Estimate of return on investment in solar energy in schools in Sergipe

With the growing demand for energy and the environmental challenges associated with the use of fossil fuels and electrical energy in the world, the need to seek energy efficiency to reduce consumption and greenhouse gas emissions is highlighted. In addition, it has reinforced the search for renewable energy sources, emphasizing solar energy, as a sustainable alternative to meet energy demand, especially in Brazil, due to its potential for solar radiation. Public buildings, in particular schools, are identified as significant consumers of electricity, and it is pointed out that the high consumption is not only due to excessive use by consumers, but also to the intensive use of artificial lighting and conditioners of air. As it is an extensive country with high solar irradiation, there is, so, an alternative to reduce environmental impacts. The study area involved 310 schools in Sergipe, and the consumption of electricity was obtained from the website of the Sergipe Department of Education. To simulate the deployment of solar panels, the NEOSOLAR online calculator was used along with the energy tariff, providing information on average investment, and estimated monthly savings. The payback period was calculated using the Simple Payback Method for each school individually. The payback period for all schools was less than 10 years. Thus, it is concluded that the use of solar energy in these establishments proved to be an economically, socially, and environmentally viable practice.

Internet of Things (IoT) Based On Digital KWH Using Blynk Platform

Daily life cannot be separated from the use of electrical energy, such as in homes, which often cannot limit it. Accompanied by technological developments so that the internet can be used in everyday life, the concept of the Internet of Things emerged. This concept has been utilized so that it can help maximize the use of electrical energy. Using NodeMCU which has an ESP8266 Chip so it is able to connect to the internet. The Blynk platform is used for users as a tools to find out in real time the power and costs of using electrical energy. Limitations on electricity use can be set. When the electricity usage has reached the usage limit, the buzzer will turn on automatically as a warning. Another additional control that can be carried out is cutting off electricity which can be done remotely. Cutting off the electricity flow is carried out using a relay which is a switch that is operated using electricity.

Application of Automatic Transfer Switch at Solar Power Plant in Langgar Nurul Hikmah North Banjarbaru in Support of Green Energy

The use of PLTS electrical energy is still hampered by the condition of the batteries which are often damaged. If the PLTS battery capacity is unable to support the load or is empty, then the electricity must be immediately transferred to the PLN source. Because these frequent delays cause PLTS batteries to quickly become damaged. Therefore, automatic control uses the Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) to optimize the use of green energy in Langgar and increase solar cell power to become Langgar's main electricity source. It is hoped that this service activity can become a pilot project for independent energy sources for places of worship in wetland environmental areas. The implementing team has accommodated the activity targets set by LPPM in the form of optimizing TTG and renewable energy. Based on the survey results, understanding about socialization and education on the application of ATS in PLTS increased by 73%.

Aspects Regarding of Passive Filters Sustainability for Non-Linear Single-Phase Consumers

The efficient use of electrical energy (an important component of sustainability) has become increasingly important for electrical consumers (industrial and non-industrial) as we face the challenges of climate change and the need to protect the environment. This theme is essential for guaranteeing a secure and sustainable future for both present and future generations. The power quality and the efficiency of electrical energy are connected to each other. Some power quality problems are caused by natural and unpredictable events, but many disturbances affecting power quality are caused by suppliers and consumers. One of the most important parameters in power engineering is the power factor, which indicates the degree of efficient use of electrical energy. Harmonics is the most important dynamic component of power quality, which affects the operation of electrical equipment and, at the same time, reduces the power factor. Harmonic sources in power systems are generally associated with nonlinear loads. To analyze the operating of passive filters (series L, shunt LC, T type LCL), two groups of experiments (relevant consumers were chosen for the industry as well as from the household sector) were carried out with single-phase nonlinear consumers: in the first group of experiments, a variable-frequency drive is used to supply a three-phase induction motor with variable load; in the second group of experiments, compact fluorescent lamps and LED lamps were used. Following the experiments, it was found that the difficulty of calibrating coils (to size a filter), especially the coils with a core, and the change in electrical properties over time for capacitors. For a certain type of consumer, the improvement of the current waveform depends on the type of filter used, the possibility of improving the power factor (to use electrical energy efficiently), and the role of the source impedance, which is particularly important to improve the efficiency of passive filters. Through the appropriate choice of the passive filter, a decrease in the deforming regime is obtained, with a slight decrease in the active power, and by increasing the power factor, a decrease in the losses of electrical energy from the electrical networks is obtained, with direct implications for the emission of greenhouse gases.

Life cycle environmental impacts of kelp aquaculture through harmonized recalculation of inventory data

As seaweed farming gains prominence in future blue economies, scientifically robust environmental evaluations are vital. Harmonizing life cycle assessment (LCA) studies provides nuanced insights, allowing generalizations and potentially more accurate results than individual studies. This study recalculates life cycle inventory (LCI) data to offer a comprehensive perspective on sugar kelp Saccharina latissima. The findings affirm and validate previous studies, emphasizing critical hotspots such as fuel use for boats at sea, impacts from the use of plastic ropes, buoys and metal components at sea, and electrical energy use in the hatchery. The overall environmental impacts of seaweed farming remain relatively low compared to other seafood and biomass sources. The study also highlights the importance of how fuel use is modelled for the outcome. While harmonization enhances certainty and facilitates robust comparisons, challenges arise from the lack of standardized methods for data collection and reporting, along with data gaps between studies. Addressing these limitations calls for standardized protocols and improved data sharing practices in the field.

Experiment Study of Deformable Honeycomb Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Energy Collection and Vibration Measurement in Downhole

Downhole drilling tool vibration measurement is crucial for drilling exploration safety, so real-time monitoring of vibration data is required. In this research, a honeycomb triboelectric nanogenerator (H-TENG) capable of adapting to various downhole environments is proposed. It can measure the frequency of downhole drilling equipment’s vibrations and transfer mechanical energy to electrical energy for use in powering other low power downhole meters. In order to preliminarily verify the possibility of sensors used for vibration measurement of downhole drilling tools, we built a simulated vibration platform to test the sensing performance and vibration energy collection performance of H-TENG. According to the testing results, the measurement range of vibration frequency and amplitude are 0 to 11 Hz and 5 to 25 mm, respectively, and the corresponding measurement errors are less than 5% and 6%, respectively. For vibrational energy harvesting, when four sensors are wired in series with a 107 resistance, the maximum power is approximately 1.57 μW. Compared to typical methods for measuring downhole vibration, the honeycomb triboelectric nanogenerator does not need an external power source, it has greater reliability and output power, and it can vary its shape to adapt to the complicated downhole environment. In addition, the H-TENG can be combined freely according to the diameter of the drill string, and even if one sensor unit is damaged, the other units can still be used normally.

Model for Identification of Electrical Appliance and Determination of Patterns Using High-Resolution Wireless Sensor NETWORK for the Efficient Home Energy Consumption Based on Deep Learning

The growing demand for electricity and the constant increase in electricity rates have intensified the interest of residential and non-residential energy consumers to reduce their energy consumption. The introduction of non-conventional renewable energies (photovoltaic and wind, in the residential case) demands new proposals to obtain a home energy management system (HEMS), which allows reducing the use of electrical energy. This article incorporates artificial intelligence techniques to demand response, allowing control, switching, turning on and off of appliances, modifying and reducing consumption, and achieving improvements in the quality of life in the home. In addition, an architecture based on a smart socket and an artificial intelligence model that recognizes the consumption of electrical appliances in high resolution (sampling every 10 s) is proposed. The system uses the Wi-Fi communication protocol, ensuring that the smart sockets wirelessly provide the data obtained to the public cloud. The use of Deep Learning allows us to obtain a central control model of the home, which, when interconnected to the smart electrical distribution networks of companies, could generate a positive impact on the environmental effects and CO2 reduction.

Hybrid power plant using synchronization controller system to save electricity cost

The application of hybrid energy power plants is one solution to save electricity cost in buildings of government agencies, industries, and universities. The problem with using hybrid power plants that use solar energy sources and paid electricity networks is that sunlight energy cannot produce energy consistently from sunrise to sunset. Maximum energy can only be obtained when the sun is vertically acceptable to the photovoltaic (PV). This results in electrical loads having to be disconnected or switched back to the grid. The application of an electrical power sharing system synchronization controller system (SCS) can automatically regulate the use of electrical energy to low PV energy. The results of research on the application of hybrid PV using the SCS system with a rooftop solar panel system at the Gorontalo State University Building can produce a total electrical power of 600,975 kWh. The need for electrical power from January to September 2022 amounted to 859,151 kWh. The SCS hybrid power plant can reduce the use of paid electrical energy and its costs by 83.60%. The investment, operational, and maintenance cost requirement is IDR 10,747,886,801. The return on investment (ROI) analysis results show that the return on investment can be achieved for up to 34 years.

Studi Ekonomis Implementasi Kapasitor Dengan Detuned Reactor Untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Faktor Daya

The use of electrical energy plays a vital role in supporting the continuity of production processes in industrial environments. One critical area that heavily relies on electrical power supply is in the planning of installing a capacitor bank with a detuned reactor. The primary objective of this planning is to enhance the power factor (cos φ) from 60% to 85.2% during full-load operations and up to 94% when operating as per demand simulations. The evaluation of power quality from the implementation of the Capacitor with Detuned Reactor is conducted through simulations using ETAP 12.6.0 software.The simulation results from ETAP 12.6.0 produce comparative graphs between buses equipped with the Capacitor with Detuned Reactor and buses without it, both during full-load operational conditions and when only operating in simulations. The information derived from the simulation provides a deeper insight into the impact of installing the capacitor with detuned reactor on power factor and power quality within this industrial environment. With this understanding, further steps can be taken to optimize the electrical power system within the industrial setting.

Motor 3 Fasa Star Delta Menggunakan Outseal PLC (Programmable Logic Control)

With the development of science and technology, the use of electrical energy will continue to increase in households and industry. One of them is the use of a three-phase induction motor which is often used in industry in the production process. The many types of induction motors used require the selection of a more efficient system. The induction motor regulation system can be done manually or automatically. To automatically regulate the system, it can be done by applying programmable logic control (PLC). The aim of this research is to develop an automatic 3-phase electric motor control system using Outseal Programmable Logic Control (PLC).

Facile synthesis of chromium oxide composite carbon (Cr2O3/C) nanostructures by solvothermal route for high performance supercapacitor applications

In today’s generation, electrical energy use is increased day to day, that leads to energy storage devices fabrication to store electrical energy. We make use of transition metals which play an essential role in supercapacitor applications due to their capacitive performance and environmentally eco-friendly. Ni, Co, Cr, V, Fe, etc., shows better capacitive performance. Transition metal-oxide based electrode plays an important role in enhancing capacitance in supercapacitor application. Cr2O3/C nano oxide material was prepared by solvothermal method. Chromium oxide and its carbon composite comparative study were analyzed. The composite metal oxide exhibited high capacitance compared to chromium oxide. The electrochemical action was analyzed and its capacitive behavior is tabulated. Various characterizations have proved the formation of desired material and morphology. Hence, unary metal oxides may be encouraging materials for supercapacitor application.

Audit Dan Peluang Penghematan Energi Listrik CV Tirta Windu Agung 3 Probolinggo

The use of electrical energy in the building and industrial sectors is very important, especially the use and allocation of funds spent is quite large. So it is necessary to use energy as efficiently as possible. So there is a need for an energy audit to determine the level of electrical energy consumption used, where the results will be compared with predetermined standards. This research was carried out at CV Tirta Windu Agung 3 using a PM5100 and lux meter. From initial audit calculations, the IKE value was found to be 13.42 kWh/m2/year. This IKE value is the total of the buildings and ponds. The IKE value still includes very efficient criteria. Based on the results of detailed audit calculations, the value obtained before improvement was 2.23 kWh/m2/year. The IKE value still includes the criteria for being very efficient or meeting standards. After improvements it became 1.65 kWh/m2/year. Energy saving opportunities are available in indoor and outdoor lighting systems by replacing CFL (compact fluorescent lamp) lamps with Philips LED lamps. Based on calculations, the savings in electrical energy costs are IDR 41,736/day, resulting in savings of IDR 15,233,640/year. Based on the Isc/IL calculation above, it can be seen that the Isc/IL value is 165.4. According to the IEEE 519-2014 standard, the ISC IL value in the range >1000 has a permissible THDi value limit of 15%. The nominal voltage used is 0.4 kV, so the permitted THDv is 8%. Based on table 3.9 THDv and THDi under standard conditions.

STUDY OF DETERMINING THE OPTIMUM LOCATION OF CENTRALIZED TRANSFORMERS AT THE FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TANJUNGPURA UNIVERSITY

The development of electricity at Tanjungpura University, especially in the Faculty of Engineering, is very rapid in line with the development of new buildings and facilities in the campus environment which require a large electricity supply. The increasing use of electrical energy on the user side results in inappropriate loading. If this situation persists for a long time it will result in overload. For this reason, the researchers planned a centralized transformer based on minimal voltage drops and ideal transformer loading which refers to SPLN 72.1987. Determining the optimal location of this transformer uses literature study methods, field observations and descriptive analytics. In determining the location of a centralized transformer, several calculations are carried out, namely full load current calculation, distribution transformer loading calculation, manual voltage drop calculation and voltage drop simulation, transformer capacity calculation, voltage drop analysis over network area, voltage drop condition over network area, transformer layout calculation. , and calculate the type of cable to be used. By carrying out this study to determine the optimal location of the transformer, based on calculations and analysis, it can be determined that the ideal transformer capacity is 3000 kVA (3000000 VA), the loading results are 19,7%, the voltage drop is 0.44%, and the cable cross-sectional area is 150 mm2.

Embracing the Evaporative System in Air Conditioning Technology for Efficient Cooling Solutions

The use of an air conditioning system requires large amounts of electrical energy to carry out repeated vapor compression cycles. The use of an evaporative cooling system in this research is by spraying condensate water on the condenser, which is one solution to absorb condenser heat. Another thing that can be done is to reset the fan speed on the condenser to cool it. Resetting the fan speed on the condenser can also help improve AC performance and reduce electrical energy use. The test was carried out by modifying the 1 Pk R-410a AC split condenser by installing 6 nozzles, 2 rows of 3 columns and a DC pump to spray water on the condenser. The independent variables of this research are spraying position and fan speed. The result obtained from the research is an increase in COP by 35% and a reduction in electrical power usage by 15% by using additional water spray with a nozzle behind the condenser both when blowing the full blower and when the blower blowing speed is reduced by 75%. The use of evaporative systems in air conditioning technology is a promising solution to achieve sustainable and efficient cooling solutions.

The Utilization of Sugarcane Bagasse as Turbine Drive Fuel in Steam Power Plant at PG. Kebon Agung

The use of energy by society is increasing and is not matched by the availability of raw materials. Fuel oil and coal are dwindling and even running out. Therefore, to overcome this problem the government issued Presidential Regulation No. 5 of 2006 concerning the National Energy Policy, where the utilization of biofuels is targeted at 2% in 2010 and 5% in 2025. To overcome this, methods are carried out by using renewable fuels and processing residual production materials such as the use of bagasse waste as fuel. Electrical energy sources from PLN and power plants in Indonesia are the main sources of electricity distribution used by consumers (industry). At PG. Kebon Agung has its own 4 steam power plants to meet the electrical energy needs needed to drive production machinery. Utilization of bagasse has the potential as a renewable fuel as a substitute for coal to gain resource and cost efficiency. In this study, the authors attach a cost comparison to the use of bagasse with other fuels, a comparison of the use of electrical energy from PLTU with PLN, and waste treatment to get efficiency and benefits in terms of costs and natural resources. With this research, it is hoped that readers can save resources and increase the efficiency of using biomass fuels.

Electrical Load Control Using PIR Sensor for IoT-based Electrical Power Saving

Wasteful use of electrical energy, apart from the use of electrical loads, is also caused by wasteful and uncontrolled use of electrical loads. Electrical energy that is not used as needed causes electricity waste. This research aims to use the IoT system for electrical automation and monitoring the amount of electricity in a room. In this way, saving electricity and monitoring the amount of electricity can be done easily through the IoT system at anytime and anywhere. The method used in this research is an experimental method, namely designing equipment according to the planned system and preparing a program according to the desired tool working system. The research object is the electrical load in three rooms consisting of three load groups, each load group is represented by a PIR sensor light, namely the equipment used is the PZEM sensor, PIR sensor, RTC, ESP 32, Triac, Optocoupler, and other supporting equipment. The results of the research show that the equipment has worked well and has been tested well, electricity savings are shown through the monitor on the Android cellphone using the Blynk application which was previously installed. Every time there is a person in the room, the PIR sensor always detects the object and activates the electrical load and vice versa. Apart from that, the cellphone monitor screen also displays from time to time the amount of electricity used by the load, including the electrical energy used and the electrical energy savings that can be done.

Selected Issues, Methods, and Trends in the Energy Consumption of Industrial Robots

Industrial robots, like all machines, require energy to operate, which is why energy efficiency in industrial robotics has been a subject of consideration in recent years in many scientific and industrial centers. Interest in the topic is especially noticeable in Industry 4.0. Research on energy efficiency stems from the emergence of new possibilities in terms of making strategic decisions related to manufacturing processes. As energy-efficient production is an essential part of sustainable development, the energy efficiency of industrial robots must be considered. The need to reduce costs while maintaining quality and increasing production efficiency has necessitated the implementation of modern solutions aimed at reducing electricity consumption. The rational use of electrical energy, especially in the industrial sector, significantly reduces production costs and, consequently, contributes to a company’s profits and competitiveness. This article aims to provide an overview of energy efficiency issues based on recently published articles. This article discusses the appropriate selection of robots, their programming, energy-efficient trajectory planning, and the monitoring of the operation of the robotic system to minimize energy consumption. Typical industrial applications of robots are also mentioned and discussed.

Thermochemical Production of Hydrogen from Biomass: Pyrolysis and Gasification

Today, hydrogen is one of the best options for generating electrical energy, for both industrial and residential use. The greatest volume of hydrogen produced today derives from processes that utilize petroleum. Although hydrogen has numerous benefits, continuing to produce it by these means is undesirable. This document presents a review of the literature on biohydrogen production based on an analysis of over 15 types of terrestrial and marine biomasses. The fundamental components of different production systems are described, with a focus on the thermochemical processes of pyrolysis and gasification, which have been identified as two of the most effective, practical ways to produce hydrogen from biomass. It also discusses catalysts, solid residues, and residual water that are used in the thermochemical production of biohydrogen. The article ends with an analysis of hydrogen and its benefits as an energy option with great potential in the short term to participate in the transition from fossil fuels.