Electric Vehicle Power System Research Articles

A parameter matching study for power system of electric sweeping vehicle based on AVL CRUISE

Electric sweeper is the hot spot of research and development at present, and parameter matching design of power transmission system is a key technology. The practical significance of developing electric sweeper is introduced, the parameters of power system are designed based on the energy transfer of the whole vehicle, parameters of the motor and power battery are designed and selected to meet the performance design target, and the final drive and the second gear ratio are determined. The whole vehicle model is established and dynamic analysis is carried out using AVL CRUISE software. The simulation results show that the parameters designed for the power system meet the design requirements. It provides a reference for the design and research of power system of electric sweeper.

A parameter matching study for power system of electric sweeping vehicle based on AVL CRUISE

A parameter matching study for power system of electric sweeping vehicle based on AVL CRUISE

Wavelet entropy analysis and machine learning classification model of DC serial arc fault in electric vehicle power system

Electric vehicle (EV) power system is flammable and explosive when the direct current (DC) arc occurs at elevated temperature. Thus, DC serial arc real-time monitoring is an insurance to keep away from disaster. In this study, the detection algorithm of DC serial arc is proposed. The wavelet entropy algorithm, the classification model based on support vector machine and logistic regression are analysed separately. The above algorithms are combined to identify the DC serial arc faults effectively under different types of loads in EV power system. The results show that the combined algorithm has a good performance of DC serial arc detection with high accuracy and robustness compared with a simple approach. Meanwhile, the false detection rate of the detection algorithm is close to zero, which could ensure the safety and stable operation of the system.

Protect and Serve

For electric vehicle power systems, finding reliable solutions for battery and circuit protection is a must

Parameter optimal design and Simulation of Power System of Electric Vehicle Based on AVL-CRUISE

In order to meet demand of dynamic of electric vehicle, based on vehicle design method theorety, power parameters of motor and transmission ratio are designed using method of theoretical calculation, model of vehicle is built and simulated in AVL-CRUISE software, transmission ratio is optimized to improve economic performance. Simulation result shows performance of the whole vehicle is improved. So It lays the foundation for development of E V.

Performance Analysis of Three Energy StorageComponents for Wide Temperature Range EV Applications

As the working temperature range of electric vehicles is wide (from -30℃ to 50 ℃), analyzing the performance of energy storage components at different temperatures is a fundamental process for the design of the energy storage system, state estimation algorithm, and optimization of control algorithm. In this paper, a Li(NiCoMn)O2/Graphite battery, a LiMnO4/Li4Ti5O12 battery and a super capacitor are selected as the research objects. The capacity, open circuit voltage, internal resistance and power characteristics are compactly analyzed. After the data unitization was implemented in the form of unit weight and unit volume, our team conduct a comparison of the electrical characteristics of the three energy storage components. Moreover, the appropriate function form for fitting temperature characteristics curve are discussed. The result will provide some support for subsequent electric vehicle power system modeling and SOC/SOE/SOH estimation.

CPU-FPGA based real-time simulation of fuel cell electric vehicle

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been considered as one of the promising renewable power technologies for the vehicular application. This paper proposes a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) power system model that can be implemented in the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) emulation for real-time execution on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The FCEV model comprises three parts: a PEMFC, a Z-source inverter and a squirrel cage motor. To achieve an accurate and efficient FPGA resources’ utilization, the PEMFC model is implemented by CPU whereas the models of the DC-AC inverter and the electrical motor are built in FPGA. For the validation of the proposed power system, the real-time simulation tests are conducted with a high accuracy. The developed hybrid system model can reach a simulation time step of 100 ns for FPGA and 500 μs for CPU under the co-simulation mode. Moreover, the simulation under various system operating conditions indicates that the high performance can be reached by the hybrid system computed in real-time. The proposed real-time model can be used to design the on-line diagnostic and model predictive control method, which can help to test the FCEV before the commercial applications.

Experimental investigation on the online fuzzy energy management of hybrid fuel cell/battery power system for UAVs

The hybrid powerplant combining a fuel cell and a battery has become one of the most promising alternative power systems for electric unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). To enhance the fuel efficiency and battery service life, highly effective and robust online energy management strategies are needed in real applications.In this work, an energy management system is designed to control the hybrid fuel cell and battery power system for electric UAVs. To reduce the weight, only one programmable direct-current to direct-current (dcdc) converter is used as the critical power split component to implement the power management strategy. The output voltage and current of the dcdc is controlled by an independent energy management controller. An executable process of online fuzzy energy management strategy is proposed and established. According to the demand power and battery state of charge, the online fuzzy energy management strategy produces the current command for the dcdc to directly control the output current of the fuel cell and to indirectly control the charge/discharge current of the battery based on the power balance principle.Another two online strategies, the passive control strategy and the state machine strategy, are also employed to compare with the proposed online fuzzy strategy in terms of the battery management and fuel efficiency. To evaluate and compare the feasibility of the online energy management strategies in application, experiments with three types of missions are carried out using the hybrid power system test-bench, which consists of a commercial fuel cell EOS600, a Lipo battery, a programmable dcdc converter, an energy management controller, and an electric load. The experimental investigation shows that the proposed online fuzzy strategy prefers to use the most power from the battery and consumes the least amount of hydrogen fuel compared with the other two online energy management strategies.

Composite of P(VDF‐CTFE) and aromatic polythiourea for capacitors with high‐capacity, high‐efficiency, and fast response

ABSTRACTFor next generation of miniaturized personal electronics and pulsed power systems for smart power grids, electric vehicles, and electromagnetic launchers, flexible capacitors from dielectric polymers with high‐capacity, high‐efficiency, and fast response are highly desirable. Dielectric polymer composite of P(VDF‐CTFE), that is poly(vinylidene fluoride‐chlorotrifluoroethylene) and a small amount of aromatic polythiourea (PTU) has been described. It combines the merits of both polymers, that is high dipole density and easy processability of P(VDF‐CTFE), as well as large dipole moment and high charge–discharge efficiency of PTU. Most impressively, PTU boosts the maximum breakdown strength of P(VDF‐CTFE), and thus extracts its maximum energy reserve capacity. PTU also contributes to the promoted charge–discharge efficiency, accelerated discharge, and reduced dielectric loss in P(VDF‐CTFE), which facilitate the composite for flexible capacitor applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 193–199

Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle Power System Optimization Based on Genetic Algorithm

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), compared with conventional vehicles, have complex structures and more component parameters. If variables optimization designs are carried on all these parameters, it will increase the difficulty and the convergence of algorithm program, so this paper chooses the parameters which has a major influence on the vehicle fuel consumption to make it all work at maximum efficiency. First, HEV powertrain components modelling are built. Second, taking a tandem hybrid structure as an example, genetic algorithm is used in this paper to optimize fuel consumption and emissions. Simulation results in ADVISOR verify the feasibility of the proposed genetic optimization algorithm.

Research on Control Strategy of Hybridpower System for Vehicle

In this paper, the structure and working principle of the hybrid power system of pure electric vehicle are introduced, and the fuzzy control strategy is applied to the management of the vehicle. The dynamic simulation model of the hybrid power system is established based on the MATLAB/SIMULINK platform, and the power allocation control strategy is designed based on the premise of the simple operation, the maximum protection of the battery and the improvement of the energy recovery efficiency. At last, the simulation results of two control strategies for the application of the hybrid power supply in the whole vehicle are analyzed by using the European test cycle (NEDC).The simulation results show that the fuzzy control strategy can give full play to the characteristics of the composite power supply, and better distribution of the power between the lithium battery and the super capacitor, and optimize the working efficiency of them.

Porous Carbon Composites for Next Generation Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

AbstractRechargeable lithium batteries have attracted great attention as next generation power systems for electric vehicles (EVs). Lithium ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, and lithium–oxygen batteries are all suitable to be the power systems for next generation EVs, but their power densities and cycling performance still need to be improved to match the requirements of practical EVs. Thus, rational design and controllable synthesis of electrode materials with unique microstructure and outstanding electrochemical performance are crucially desired. Porous carbon‐based composites have many advantages for energy storage and conversion owing to their unique properties, including high electronic conductivity, high structural stability, high specific surface area, large pore volume for efficient electrolyte flux, and high reactive electrode materials with controllable size confined by porous carbon frameworks. Therefore, porous carbon composites exhibit excellent performance as electrode materials for lithium ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, and lithium–oxygen batteries. In this review, we summarize research progress on porous carbon composites with enhanced performance for rechargeable lithium batteries. We present the detailed synthesis, physical and chemical properties, and the innovation and significance of porous carbon composites for lithium ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, and lithium–oxygen batteries. Finally, we conclude the perspectives and critical challenges that need to be addressed for the commercialization of rechargeable lithium batteries.

Optimal Design of Electric Vehicle Power System with the Principle of Minimum Curb Mass

With the lightweight idea, an optimal design is developed for the powertrain of electric vehicles (EVs) to reduce the power consumption while maintaining excellent performance. Based on a prototype EV, the paper takes minimum curb mass as design principle, a single charge trip range mileage and whole life cycle of battery as constraints. The uniqueness of the design is the consideration in the selection of base speed and the associated change of motor and battery mass. The design is developed in two stages. With power and torque demand ensured, the first carries on the calculation and configuration of dynamic parameters to minimize curb mass for energy saving. The second stage verified the depth of discharge to guarantee good durability. The superiority of the design is demonstrated by comparing optimization results with original values.

Research on torque distribution of distributed driving electric vehicle based on fuzzy control

For a distributed drive electric vehicle power system based on the wheel hub motor, its mathematical model is set up, and this paper proposes a torque distribution strategy based on fuzzy control algorithm, in order to improve the driving wheel hub motor work efficiency and reduce energy consumption to distribute drive and brake torque. The simulation results show that, compared with the rule-based torque averaging method, the fuzzy control torque distribution optimisation algorithm is applied to the Chinese passenger vehicle urban road driving condition and new European driving cycle (NEDC) driving conditions. Compared with the rule based method of torque average assignment, the electric drive system energy efficiency is respectively increased by 4.80% and 4.30%, 100 km electric drive system energy consumption was reduced by 0.59 kWh and 0.58 kWh by using fuzzy control for torque distribution optimisation.

Energy Optimal Control Strategy of PHEV Based on PMP Algorithm

Under the global voice of “energy saving” and the current boom in the development of energy storage technology at home and abroad, energy optimal control of the whole hybrid electric vehicle power system, as one of the core technologies of electric vehicles, is bound to become a hot target of “clean energy” vehicle development and research. This paper considers the constraints to the performance of energy storage system in Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV), from which lithium-ion battery frequently charges/discharges, PHEV largely consumes energy of fuel, and their are difficulty in energy recovery and other issues in a single cycle; the research uses lithium-ion battery combined with super-capacitor (SC), which is hybrid energy storage system (Li-SC HESS), working together with internal combustion engine (ICE) to drive PHEV. Combined with PSO-PI controller and Li-SC HESS internal power limited management approach, the research proposes the PHEV energy optimal control strategy. It is based on revised Pontryagin’s minimum principle (PMP) algorithm, which establishes the PHEV vehicle simulation model through ADVISOR software and verifies the effectiveness and feasibility. Finally, the results show that the energy optimization control strategy can improve the instantaneity of tracking PHEV minimum fuel consumption track, implement energy saving, and prolong the life of lithium-ion batteries and thereby can improve hybrid energy storage system performance.

Electric Vehicle - Electric Power System Integrated Interactive System Based on Load Characteristics of Electric Vehicles

Electric vehicle load is intermittent, unbalanced and randomicity, whether it is charging or discharging process, it will have a certain impact on the power system load balancing, power quality and other aspects. In order to coordinate scheduling, the communication channel between the power system and electric cars need to establish information exchange. This article based on the electric vehicle load characteristic analysis, it discussed the main effect of electric vehicles on the electric power system, and it also put forward a kind of integrated electric vehicle power system and interactive system, introduces the system structure and function realization, in order to provide reference for related research and practice.

Real-time implementation of four-phase interleaved DC–DC boost converter for electric vehicle power system

This paper proposes an advanced online self-tuning controller design for Four Phase Interleaved Boost Converter (FP-IBC), which is based on MATLAB-dSPACE Real-Time Interface Libraries (MLIB/MTRACE). The proposed controller consists of a Self-tuning Lead-Lag Compensator (SLLC) designed using Small-Signal Model (SSM). The controller’s parameters are tuned online to achieve fast convergence and good tracking response when parameters vary. The converter along with its advanced controller is tested experimentally at different loading conditions using two different power sources, i.e., Super-capacitor (SC) and battery modules. The experimental results show that the dynamic response of FP-IBC is significantly improved based on the proposed control design.

Nonflammable, Fast Charging & Superb Cycle Life Battery Technology For Automotive Applications

Li-ion batteries are one of the most potential candidates as the energy storage devices mainly due to their high energy densities with fairly good rate capabilities and a fairly long cycle life. Currently, Lithium-ion batteries are nearing their theoretical energy density limit and battery manufacturers are beginning to focus on improving manufacturing methods and increasing safety. In this presentation, I will introduce Microvast’s non-flammable battery technology for lithium-ion batteries resolves battery safety issues through a multi-level approach from materials to the system level. The new technology takes both active and passive protection measures in order to enhance product safety, including improvements to the battery's electrolyte, separator and protection system. Meanwhile, the fast charging and superb cycle life are maintained for the automotive application. The nonflammable, fast charging & superb cycle life battery technology can solve the current key constraints in electric vehicle development and to redesign electric vehicle power systems to the mass adoption of electric vehicles.

Facile hydrothermal growth of VO2 nanowire, nanorod and nanosheet arrays as binder free cathode materials for sodium batteries

Owing to the natural abundance and low standard potential of sodium, sodium-ion batteries are now considered to be promising power systems for electric vehicles and stationary energy storage.

Continual Energy Management System of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Hybrid Power Electric Vehicles

Current research status in energy management of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell hybrid power electric vehicles are first described in this paper, and then build the PEMFC/ lithium-ion battery/ ultra-capacitor hybrid system model. The paper analysis the key factors of the continuous power available in PEM fuel cell hybrid power electric vehicle and hybrid power system working status under different driving modes. In the end this paper gives the working flow chart of the hybrid power system and concludes the three items of the system performance analysis.