Electric Vehicle Charging Facilities Research Articles

Research on the business model of electric vehicle charging facility construction project participating in carbon trading market

In today’s society, the economy is gradually transforming to green and low-carbon. As the core link of the low-carbon industry of electric vehicles, charging facilities have great potential to participate in the carbon trading market. In this context, in order to promote healthy and orderly development for electric vehicle charging infrastructure industry and ensure its participation in carbon market economy, based on the analysis of the development trend of China’s future carbon trading market, this paper studies the business model of typical electric vehicles charging facility projects participating in the carbon trading market from three aspects of business structure, profit channel and operation mechanism, so as to improve the income level of charging facility operators while improving the carbon trading market.

Research on Carbon Accounting Method and Economy of Electric Vehicle Charging Facilities Participating in Carbon Emission Permits Trading

The development of electric vehicles(EV) has been widely established as an important way to ensure energy security and transform low-carbon economy in the world. However, the construction and operation cost of EV charging facilities is high and the profit channel is single, which makes operators in a long-term loss state. It is necessary to study the participation of EV charging facilities in carbon trading in order to find new profit growth points. On this background, firstly, the calculation method of carbon emission of whole life cycle of EV charging facilities is studied from the construction stage and the operation stage, which shows that the carbon emission accounting has technical feasibility. Secondly, the economic benefits of EV charging facilities participating in carbon trading market is analyzed, which shows that participating in carbon trading has economic rationality. Finally, a case study of the carbon emission accounting and economic benefits of EV charging facilities participating in carbon trading is carried out. The result shows that the economic benefits of EV charging facilities participating in carbon trading increase, and with the increase of charging amount and carbon trading price, the economic benefits increase continuously.

Recharging Our Car Parking Spaces: Guidance for Providing Electric Vehicle Charging Facilities within the Public Realm

Recharging Our Car Parking Spaces: Guidance for Providing Electric Vehicle Charging Facilities within the Public Realm

Charging Station Optimization Project Based on the Matrix Flexible Charging Reactor

In accordance with the Principle of "scientific planning, moderate advancement, rational layout, and classification implementation", the genetic algorithm based on real coding will be improved in this paper for the "Hard to Charge" problem of electric vehicles and urban bus replacement project. Aiming at minimum construction, operation and maintenance, network loss, queuing and other costs, a model is established and an innovative layout of electric bus charging facilities based on Matrix Flexible Charging Reactors is proposed to make full use of resources and improve the "Hard to Charge" situation. Taking Zhuhai as an example, by predicting the number of electric buses in Zhuhai in the planning year, the different locations and capacities of the bus charging stations with smaller average annual comprehensive cost in the regions are realized. And the comprehensive cost of the charging station with Matrix Flexible Charging Reactors as the construction subject is compared with the charging piles’. The analysis shows that this optimization proposal can better meet the future charging demand of urban electric buses, and proves that the charging station with Matrix Flexible Charging Reactors as the main subject of construction is more cost-effective. It provides new ideas for charging facilities planning in other cities, which is conducive to creating a healthier and more orderly environment for electric vehicle charging facilities industry.

Research on an On-site Detection System of Electric Vehicle Charging Facilities

With the continuous development and promotion of electric vehicles, the safety and reliability of electric vehicle charging facilities are paid more attention. In order to serve users better, this paper analyzes the existing charging facilities and clarifies the technical requirements for on-site detection, and an on-site detection system of electric vehicle charging facilities is proposed based on the analysis. The practical application proves that the system can detect the electrical performance, protection characteristics and restriction characteristics effectively, which could provide reference for the operation and maintenance of the charging facilities.

Green supplier selection of electric vehicle charging based on Choquet integral and type-2 fuzzy uncertainty

In this paper, a framework under interval type-2 fuzzy (IT2F) environment is proposed to select the optimal green supplier of electric vehicle charging facility (EVCF). In the primary stage, a decision committee consisting of senior executives and experts is established, and qualified suppliers are also selected. The second stage aims to solve the problem of inherent uncertainties and criteria interactions. So, firstly, IT2F numbers are adopted for the performance evaluation since the criteria value cannot be adequately represented by type-1 fuzzy numbers. Then, $$ \lambda $$-fuzzy measure is adopted to measure the fuzzy densities of criteria by considering the interactions. After that, these fuzzy densities and aggregated IT2F matrix are as inputs to a proposed IT2F Choquet integral (IT2FCI) operator to evaluate the suppliers. Finally, to illustrate the validity of the proposed framework, a case study with a sensitivity analysis is presented. The weighting results indicate that the criterion of “production cost” owns the largest fuzzy density of 0.65, and the sorting results show that none of these alternatives are optimal in all criteria and the results are relatively stable for a change in fuzzy density.

Optimal configuration of integrated microgrid systems with distributed generations and electric vehicle charging stations

Energy shortage and environmental pollution problems have led to the development of electric vehicles (EVs). However, charging EVs through power grid could not reduce fossil energy consumption and pollution emission fundamentally. Therefore, an integrated system consisting of distributed generations (DGs) and EV charging stations can be connected with power grid in the form of microgrid to achieve more local consumption of renewable energy and reduce the environmental pollution. Firstly, this paper analyses the adaptability of EV charging facilities and DGs integration mode. And then predict the charging demand of EVs based on Monte Carlo method. Finally, a bi-objective optimization model with the lowest economic cost and minimum load fluctuation is established and use particle swarm optimization to solve the optimal configuration of integrated microgrid system with wind turbines (WT), photovoltaic generations (PV), diesel engine (DE), energy storage systems (ESS) and EV charging stations. The example compares the optimal configuration results of microgrid in the two scenarios of disorderly and orderly charging modes and studies the influence of the orderly charging mode on the results. Effectiveness of the proposed method was verified with simulations.

Data-Driven Analysis of Electric Vehicle Charging Behavior and Its Potential for Demand Side Management

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the Electric Vehicles (EVs) charging behaviour based on the data collected from the UK flagship demonstration project - Low Carbon London. Data of seventy residential charging facilities over one year are processed and analysed. The charging behaviour of the cluster of charging facilities and selected charging facilities are analyzed respectively. Based on the in-depth analysis, the potential of the EV charging facilities for joining the demand side management program are further investigated. To evaluate the performance of using charging facilities to join Demand Side Management (DSM) program, numerical analysis based on different DSM programs are presented.

Capacity configuration of electric vehicle charging facilities based on user behavior prediction

By analyzing the behavior of electric vehicle users, this paper predicts the driving and charging activities of electric vehicles in the area and simulates the total charging load of electric vehicle charging load in a charging station in a certain area. Finally, taking a city as an example, this method is used to calculate the specific configuration scheme of the city’s public charging network, and further studies the impact of user charging habits and vehicle differences on the configuration results. The results show that the proposed capacity allocation method is effective and feasible.

A Study on Coordinated Optimization of Electric Vehicle Charging and Charging Pile Selection

This paper was intended to explore the mutual influences between electric vehicle (EV) charging and charging facility planning, to establish a two-stage model for optimizing the EVs’ charging and charging piles’ selection. In the first stage, the distribution pattern of the demands for EV charging, and various EVs were effectively grouped, in order to reduce the amount of computation for solving the second stage model. The goal of the second stage was to minimize the annual investment and electricity purchasing costs on the charging piles, and the coordinated optimization was carried out for EV charging and charging pile selection. The CPLEX and IP_SOLVE packages were used in MATLAB (R2014a/64 bits) to solve the established optimization model. The simulation results showed that, compared with the scheme for selecting the charging pile under the typical charging pattern (TCP), the total cost of the charging pile could be reduced by 6.32% with a scheme under the optimized charging pattern (OCP), thereby promoting the coordinated development of both the EVs and charging facilities.

Prediction on the charging demand for electric vehicles in Chengdu

The development of the electric vehicle charging station facilities speed directly affect the development of electric vehicle speed. And the charging demand of electric vehicles is one of the main factors influencing the electric vehicle charging facilities. The paper collected and collated car ownership in recent years, the use of elastic coefficient to predict Chengdu electric vehicle ownership, further modeling to give electric vehicle charging demand.

Investigation of THD Analysis in Residential Distribution Systems with Different Penetration Levels of Electric Vehicles

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are becoming a viable transportation option because they are environmentally friendly and provide solutions to high oil prices. This paper investigates the impacts of electric vehicles on harmonic distortions in urban radial residential distribution systems. The accomplishment of EV innovation relies on the accessibility of EV charging stations. To meet the power demand of growing EVs, utilities are introducing EV charging stations in private and public areas; this led to a change in the residential distribution system infrastructure. In this paper, an urban radial residential distribution system with the integration of an electric vehicle charging facility is considered for investigation. An impact of different EV penetration levels on voltage distortion is analysed. Different penetration levels of EVs into the residential distribution system are considered. Simulation results are presented to validate the work carried out in this paper. An attempt has been made to establish the relationship between the level of penetration of the EVs and voltage distortion in terms of THD (Total Harmonic Distortion)

Sustainable Governance for the Opened Electric Vehicle Charging and Upgraded Facilities Market

Since the China State Grid opened the market for infrastructure construction of electric charging stations and allowed Tesla, Potevio, BAIC BJEV and other enterprises to provide their own charging stations and other infrastructure construction, the development of electric vehicles has been greatly affected. How to maintain a sustainable governance in the opened electric vehicle charging and upgraded facilities market is an important policy issues. This paper presents a monopolistic competition model for the differentiated products market and addresses several issues related to Cournot equilibrium to illustrate why the expected free market actually operates in a monopolistic competition market structure. The analytic solution of the model shows that whether the extent of firm entry is insufficient, excessive or optimum is determined by consumers’ time preference, level of production differentiation and features of cost structure, including fixed cost and marginal cost. The sensitivity analysis has been performed among the above factors and tracked some other factors which would determine the effect of the new policy issues. The main policy suggestion is that the government should optimize entry regulations and lay down the criterion of charging interface standards for charging stations to avoid the electric vehicle charging and upgraded facilities marketization process of a one-size-fits-all solution and form a monopolistic competition market.

Electric Vehicle Charging Facility as a Smart Energy Microhub

This paper presents a novel framework for designing an electric vehicle charging facility (EVCF) as a smart energy microhub from the perspectives of both an investor and a local distribution company. The proposed framework includes a vehicle decision tree, a queuing model, a distribution margin assessment model, a distributed generation (DG) penetration assessment model, an economic assessment model, and a distribution operations model. Three design options for the EVCF are examined; battery energy storage systems (BESS), renewables based DG, and a microhub that incorporates both BESS and renewables-based DG with the option of exchanging power with the main grid. Test results considering a 33 bus distribution system and realistic vehicle statistics extracted from the 2009 (US) National Household Travel Survey are presented and discussed. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed smart energy microhub design framework.

A study on Protection Coordination Method for Electric Vehicle Charging Facility based on the Wireless Power Transmission

A study on Protection Coordination Method for Electric Vehicle Charging Facility based on the Wireless Power Transmission

Research on Mobile Cloud Computing Services for Electric Vehicle Charging Facilities

With the development of Internet of things, especially the development of mobile Internet, electric vehicle charging device and location data and power allocation can reach the cloud through mobile Internet, providing reliable basis for public decision-making and public services. However, the provided real-time performance and cost is the key problem of the implementation of the vehicle area network cloud computing. In this paper, aiming at this problem, proposing the mobile Internet scheduling and transmission strategy based on cloud computing, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. With the rapid development of the world economy, global coal, natural gas, oil and other traditional energy sources become increasingly scarce, the energy environment situation become more and more serious, in order to promote all over the world to accelerate the strategic transformation of transportation energy, set ting off a global new round of upsurge development of new energy vehicles. With the development of network technology and vehicle technology, the research and development of electric vehicles in the world are developing continuously, and the new energy vehicles will be the important development trend in the future automobile industry and the whole power technology field. Electric vehicle promotion is a strategic transformation of the traditional fuel automobile industry, electric vehicles broke the traditional car to coal, oil and other fossil fuels, the use of electrical energy as original power of the energy power system, now countries have formed a broad consensus on the development of electric vehicles , the global economy developed areas and famous car manufacturers have to enhance the development of new energy vehicles, governments and major manufacturers are increasing the intensity of investment in human resources, aiming to accelerate the pace of new energy vehicles to market. Early this century, the European Commission announced the new European energy policy, which aimed at reducing the emissions of harmful gases such as automobile exhaust emissions, reducing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions, while improving the utilization ratio of solar, wind, hydro and other renewable resources. Electric vehicles in China has also caused a very high value, oil, natural gas and other resource prices have increased the burden on the national economy, the authorities believe that energy has become one of the most important national security issues. The development of non-fossil energy as an important means which to promote the diversification of energy structure, the 1 Foundation project: Research on the Intelligent Navigation System of Mobile Terminal Based the Internet

Incorporating institutional and spatial factors in the selection of the optimal locations of public electric vehicle charging facilities: A case study of Beijing, China

In this paper, we present a case study on planning the locations of public electric vehicle (EV) charging stations in Beijing, China. Our objectives are to incorporate the local constraints of supply and demand on public EV charging stations into facility location models and to compare the optimal locations from three different location models. On the supply side, we analyse the institutional and spatial constraints in public charging infrastructure construction to select the potential sites. On the demand side, interviews with stakeholders are conducted and the ranking-type Delphi method is used when estimating the EV demand with aggregate data from municipal statistical yearbooks and the national census. With the estimated EV demand, we compare three classic facility location models – the set covering model, the maximal covering location model, and the p-median model – and we aim to provide policy-makers with a comprehensive analysis to better understand the effectiveness of these traditional models for locating EV charging facilities. Our results show that the p-median solutions are more effective than the other two models in the sense that the charging stations are closer to the communities with higher EV demand, and, therefore, the majority of EV users have more convenient access to the charging facilities. From the experiments of comparing only the p-median and the maximal covering location models, our results suggest that (1) the p-median model outperforms the maximal covering location model in terms of satisfying the other’s objective, and (2) when the number of charging stations to be built is large, or when minor change is required, the solutions to both models are more stable as p increases.

Environmental Impact of Public Charging Facilities for Electric Two‐Wheelers

SummaryThe environmental characterization of the charging infrastructure required to operate electric vehicles (EVs) is usually overlooked in the literature. Only rudimentary life cycle inventories of EV charging facilities are available. This lack of information is especially noticeable in environmental studies of the environmental performance of electric two‐wheelers (E2Ws), none of which have included an analysis of charging facilities, even though they constitute the most successful electric‐drive market in the world. This article focuses on characterizing the life cycle of the global warming potential (GWP) and primary energy demand (PED) of two conventional charging facility designs that are widely implemented for charging E2Ws in public spaces. The relative environmental relevance of charging facilities per kilowatt‐hour (kWh) supplied to E2Ws is determined by considering a range of use scenarios (variability in the service ratio) and the effect of upgrading the electricity mix to include more renewable energy sources. Savings of over 3 metric tons (tonnes) of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions and 56 equivalent gigajoules can be achieved by implementing an optimized charging facility design. The internalization of the relative environmental burden from the charging facility per kWh supplied to E2Ws can increase the GWP of E2Ws’ use phase from 1% to 20% and the PED from 1% to 13%. Although the article focuses on one particular case scenario, the research is intended to provide complementary criteria for further research on the life cycle management of electric mobility systems. Thus, a series of factors that can influence the environmental performance of EV charging networks at the macro scale are discussed.

Study on Charging Business Operation Model of Electric Vehicle

For the bottleneck of electric vehicle short range and energy supply inconvenience to restrain the fast development of electric vehicle, from the perspective of the electric vehicle power charging model, through analyzing the current situation and developing trend of electric vehicle charging facilities, consulting the existing electric vehicle charging model of advice, and borrowing from the mature business operation model of other domestic industry, one kind of proposal of suitable for the domestic electric vehicle current situation of power supply mode is analyzed. The proposal can provide reference for domestic electric vehicle scale and rapid development.

The Impact of Fast Charging for EVs on Distribution System

With the implementation of incentive policies for new energy vehicles of Chinese government, the development of new energy vehicles in China has made considerable progress, and in the field of electric vehicle charging facilities can also appeared in a number of demonstration projects. With the support of the National Grid, the establishment of a domestic Chongqing's first commercial fast-charging stations was done in 2012. Research on Electric vehicle fast charging caused to the distribution network with future large-scale deployment of electric vehicles will be of great value in guiding for the planning of distribution of the networks. In this work, we used a typical distribution network model to simulate the real conditions. The voltage loss caused by EVs’ fast charging on the transmission line was studied under different implementation scenarios.